Objective Inhibitor of growth TNG3 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene,which belongs to the human ING gene family.It has been interested by scientist because of its putative roles as tumor suppressors.There is a low expression level of ING3 in a variety of tumors.However,the relationship of ING3 and the development of colorectal cancer is unclear yet.The aim of this studyis to examine the expression of ING3 in colorectal cancer by qRT-PCR.Methods Statistical analysis was performed with the expression of ING3 mRNA which has been evaluated in 82 matched samples comprising primary colorectal cancer and paired non-cancerous mucosa samples.Results In 51% colorectal cancer patients,the expression level of ING3 was significantly lower in cancer tissue than that in normal tissue.The expression level of ING3 was closely related to pT、pM stage,and TNM stage(P＜0.05).The Univariate analysis showed that the pT、pN、pM stage,TNMstage and ING3 expression levels were associated with disease-free survival(P＜0.05).CRC patients with low-expression level of ING3 showed shorter disease-free survivals(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of ING3 might contribute to the CRC development or progression.

Objective To explore the expressions and significances of p53、bcl-2、Ki-67 and apoptosis in keratoacanthoma(KA)and well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma(WDSCC).Methods The expressions of p53、bcl-2、Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemical technique in 44 cases of KA and 20 cases of WDSCC.Apoptosis was identified by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfers(TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick and labelling(TUNEL)method.Results The positive expressive rates of p53 in proliferative、mature and regressive of KA were 22.23%、26.18% and 6.52%,which was lower than the positive rate of WDSCC(41.82%).Significant differences were found between every period of KA with WDSCC in p53 expression;The intensity of expression and pattern were similar in KA of Ki-67 and p53.There were a positive correlation between p53 and Ki-67 expression rate(r=0.986,P＜0.001).The bcl-2 staining showed weak expression in 1 case in WDSCC and 2 cases in KA,but only a few positive tumor cells was limited to basal cell layer in KA.The average apoptosis rate in KA was 21.72%,which was apparently higher than in WDSCC(9.925%).There were a negative correlation between the apoptosis rate and proliferation rate of Ki-67(r=-0.824,P＜0.001).Conclusion The proliferation and apoptosis in KA can coexist.However,the apoptosis will occupy a dominance position in regressive phase,which results in the regression of tumor.The expressions of p53、Ki-67 and apoptosis would be a certain significance in differentiated KA and WDSCC.

Objective In this research,the effects of exogenous C2-ceramide on the induction of apoptosis of mesothelioma cells in vitro and related important proteins are investigated.Methods Mesothelioma cells were treated with various doses of C2-ceramide for different duration.Cell viability were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay.Morphological changes of apoptosis of mesothelioma cells were observed by Diff Quik staining.Apoptosis of mesothelioma cells was also detected by Caspase-3 assay and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)assay.Related important proteins involved in the signal transduction of apoptosis were detected by western blot.Results In vitro,C2-ceramide demonstrated a dose-and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation.Apoptotic bodies were observed by Diff Quik staining.The antiproliferative effect of 80μm C2-ceramide was paralleled with an increase in Caspase-3 activity.LDH assay showed that C2-ceramide at a concentration of 80μm significantly promoted cells death.After treated by C2-ceramide,the expressions of Bax and the phosphorylated JNK in mesothelioma cells were increased,however,the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 kinase was decreased.Conclusion Our results indicate that C2-ceramide induced apoptosis of malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro.This anti-tumor affect is achieved by adjusting related important proteins.

Objective This study aims to examine expression of Caveolin-1 in non smoking cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to discusses the relationship between expression of Caveolin-1 and the Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the Caveolin-1 expression and ARMS-qPCR was used to measure EGFR mutations in 40 cases of lung cancer tissue.The clinical pathological characteristics and correlations in patients were analyzed.Results The expression of Caveolin-1 in human lung cancer was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue,and negatively correlated with EGFR mutations,which was statistically significant.Conclusion Caveolin-1 expression is negatively correlated with EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer and related to the histologic type.Caveolin-1 may be a molecular target for diagnosis and judgment of NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the role of metastasis associated protein 1(MTA1)in estrogen regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and tissue inhibitor of metalprotease-1(TIMP-1)in estrogen receptor (ER)positive breast cancer cells.Methods MTA1 knockdown cell model was generated based on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line by transfected with MTA1-shRNA.The mRNA and protein level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in wild type MCF-7(MCF-7^WT)and MCF-7^MTA1-shRNA before and after 17β-estradiol(E₂)treatment were examined by Real-time PCR and Western blot respectively.Results The MTA1-shRNA showed maximally 84.9% suppression of MTA1 expression in MCF-7,suggesting a satisfied MTA1 knockdown cell model was established for subsequent experiments.After treated with E₂ for 48h,MCF-7^WT showed an increment of 46%(P＜0.05)and 37%(P＜0.05)of the mRNA and protein level of MMP-9 and a decrement of 32.3%(P＜0.05)and 18.2%(P＜0.05)of TIMP-1;MCF-7^MTA1-shRNA showed a decrement of 32.3%(P＜0.05)and 18.2%(P＜0.05)of mRNA and protein expression of MMP-9 respectively but no significant difference in TIMP-1 comparing with MCF-7^WT before treated with Estradiol.After E₂ treatment,MCF-7^MTA1-shRNA didn′t show significant change of MMP-9 except decrements of 32.3%(P＜0.05)and 18.2%(P＜0.05)in the mRNA and protein levels of TIMP-1.Conclusion MTA1 may be involved in the pathway by which estrogen regulated the expression of MMP-9 but not TIMP-1 in ER positive breast cancer cells.

Objective To discussion the efficacy and safety of single channel and double chinese-made biliary stent in high biliary malignant hilar obstructive jaundice.Methods We reviewed the clinical data of 24 malignant hilar obstructive jaundice patients treated with single channel and double chinese-made biliary stent from October 2012 to December 2013 retrospectively.Of which 9 cases(study group)were used for single channel and double stenttreatment,and 15 cases(control group)were treated by the bilateral channel;We compared the number of intraoperative percutaneous puncture hepatic duct,radiation exposure doses,operation time,drainage effectiveness and complication rates in the two groups.Results The average number of percutaneous puncture hepatic duct in the study group was 1.44±0.53 times,which was significantly lower than the control group(3.73 ± 0.70 times).The fluoroscopy time and radiation exposure dose of study group was 1152.22±335.61s and 653.22±207.02mGy,which was slightly less than the control group(1236.93±463.43s and 727.00±348.52mGy),the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.638;P=0.572).Liver function was tested after 4W,the drainage effectiveness of study group and the control group were 88.9%(eight-nineths),86.7%(thirteen-fifteenths),the difference was not statistically significant.One case occurred bile leakage in the study group,2 patients with hemobilia in control group,both groups showed no serious complication.Conclusion The single channel and double chinese-made biliary stent to treat high biliary malignant hilar obstructive jaundice is minimally injured and effective,which can be selectively applied to treat patients with hepatic hilum malignant obstructive jaundice.

Objective To investigate the effect of supernatant from carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1(CEACAM1)gene RNAi glioma SHG44 cells on human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro.Methods Three pairs of specific siRNA targeting CEACAM1 were designed and synthesized,and then transiently transfected into SHG44 cells via cathodolyte liposome transfection method.The supernatant from cultured glioma SHG44 cells was collected as the conditional medium 48h after transfection.RT-PCR was used to detect CEACAM1 and VEGF expression at mRNA level after CEACAM1 gene RNAi.The expression of VEGF in supernatant was measured by ELISA.The proliferation of HUVEC was assessed by MTT method after co-cultured with supernatant.The migration of HUVEC was examined by using a Transwell assay.The ability of angiogenesis was measured by capillary-like network formation assay.Results Forty-eight hours after the 3 pairs of specific CEACAM1 siRNA were transfected into SHG44 cells,RT-PCR results showed that the expression of CEACAM1 mRNA was significantly inhibited compared with those in the normal control and the negative control groups(P＜0.01).The most significant interference effect was CEACAM1-siRNA3.Expression of VEGF mRNA was remarkably reduced,and expression of VEGF protein in the supernatant was also reduced after transfection of CEACAM1-siRNA for 48h.The proliferation of HUVEC was inhibited,HUVEC migration and tube capillary-like formation were decreased.Conclusion CEACAM1-siRNA can effectively suppress the expression of CEACAM1 mRNA in human glioma SHG44 cells,may inhibit HUVEC proliferation,migration and tube capillary-like formation via down-regulated the secretion of VEGF in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)for progression free survival(PFS)in patients with cervix cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT).Methods Thirty two consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer underwent MRI including DWI before and after NACT.Pathologic results and MR images were reviewed.Univariate analysis was applied by Kaplan-Meier method.The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate prognostic variables for multivariate analysis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to find optimal cutoff values of independent prognostic factors for disease progression.Results Of 32 patients,10 had disease progression during follow-up period.In univariate analysis,FIGO stage,tumor size,the depth of tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis and ADC changes between before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(ΔADC)were significantly associated with the disease progression.In multivariate analysis,FIGO stage and ΔADC were the independent prognostic factors for PFS.Optimal cutoff values that determined by ROC curves analyses were FIGO stage Ⅱ and ΔADC 0.31.Area under the ROC curve(AUC)of FIGO stage and ΔADC were 0.841(sensitivity 90.0%,specificity 68.2%)and 0.864(sensitivity 80.0%,specificity 81.8%),respectively.Conclusion In patients with cervix cancer after NACT,FIGO stage andΔADC are significant predictive values for PFS.

Objective To explore the expression of Excision repair cross-completion 1 in non-small cell lung cancer and to analyze its clinical significance.Methods ERCC1 protein expression was detected by IHC method in 160 cases of non-small cell lung cancer tissue.We analyzed relationship between the ERCC1 expression and clinicopathological parameters of non-small cell lung cancer,as well as its correlation between ERCC1 expression and the prognosis.At the same time,160 cases of intraoperative specimens were primarily cultured.The relationship between ERCC1 expression and the drug sensitivity of DDP was analyzed.Results ERCC1 protein was mainly expressed in the nucleus.ERCC1 protein expression in lung cancer tissue showed no relationship with age,gender,tumor size and pathological types.ERCC1 protein expression was associated with TNM stages and lymph node metastases.High expression of ERCC1was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients,indicating that ERCC1 is the independent factor of NSCLC patients.MTT results showed that the positive expression rate of ERCC1 in DDP sensitive groups was higher than in DDP resistant groups.Conclusion ERCC1 is an independent factor influencing the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer,and associated with DDP resistance.

Objective In the body of stereotactic radiotherapy(SBRT),using Cone Beam is the matching precision of soft tissue and bone anatomy,translation between evaluation organization and internal organization in the rotation of the lung cancer patients with tumor location error,location correction.Methods Application varian companies in the United States has the airborne imaging system clinac-ix linear accelerator apparatus treatment of 8 cases of lung cancer patients.By CBCT and SBRT comparison before and after the treatment for each patient and evaluate internal instant translation and rotation of the body of the patients with SBRT postures,tumor location and tumor center of baseline shift score changes.Results Based on the difference between of the anatomy of the bone and soft tissue match position is 3.0mm(0~8.3mm).The patient′s tumor location in 3-d median change is 1.4mm(0~12.2mm)and 12.2 mm(0~13.2mm).The median baseline offset between 3 d score is 2.2 mm(0~4.7mm).The rest of the system error and random error about 1 °.Conclusion In Lung cancer SBRT transformation to improve treatment of lung tumor process,change the position of tumor center is mainly affected by the body′s internal organization instant translation and rotation.

Objective To explore the effect of mediastinal drainage on the treatment for intra-thoracic anastomotic leak in esophageal cancer patients after esophagectomy.Methods One hundred and thirty-four esophageal cancer patients underwent esophagectomy and a mediastinal drainage tube was routinely placed intro-operatively(observation group).Other 150 esophageal cancer patients underwent esophagectomy without mediastinal drainage were retrospectively set as control group.The following factors in the two groups were compared: incidence of anastomotic leak,and mortality rate,incidence of respiratory failure,incisional infection,rate and duration of moderate or high fever(T≥38℃),duration of antibiotic use,duration of anastomotic leak healing and length of hospital stay of anastomotic leak patients.Results There was no significant difference in incidence rate of anastomotic leak between observation and control groups.There was no death,no respiratory failure in observation group;rate of chest incisional infection in observation group was 18.2%(2/11).Mortality rate,respiratory failure rate and chest incisional infection rate in control group were 33.3%(3/9)、44.4%(4/9)and 77.8%(7/9)respectively.Incidence and duration of moderate or high fever(36.4% and 2.3±1.2d respectively)in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(100 % and 8.6±2.3d respectively)(P＜0.05).Duration of antibiotic use,duration of leak healing and length of hospitalization(9.6±3.2d,23.6±5.5d and 22.6±5.7d respectively)were significantly shorter than those in control group(21.3±6.8d,38.3±8.4d and 38.5±9.6d,P＜0.05)respectively).Conclusion Although mediastinal drainage could not prevent anastomotic leak in patients underwent esophagectomy,it could definitely decrease death and respiratory failure resulted from anastomotic leak.Mediastinal drainage could also decrease severity of intrathoracic infection caused by anastomotic leak and shorten the duration of leak healing.

Objective Our retrospective study is aimed to compare the effect and the adverse reaction of TNP(paclitaxel liposome + nedaplatin + tegafur)and PF(fluorouracil + cisplatin)in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(SCCHN).Methods Clinical data of patients with SCCHN received treatment at our hospital from 2009 to 2014 was retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into PF group and TNP group according to the treatment prescription.The general data,clinical features,treatment and the adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.Results A total of 54 patients was retrospective analyzed,including 27 patients in TNP group and 27 in PF group.There was no significant differences in clinical data between the two groups.There was no significant differences in the location of the tumor,clinical stage and differentiation degree between the two groups.The curative effect of TNP group was significantly ameliorated than the PF group.The incidence of gastrointestinal reaction in TNP group was obviously lower than in PF group.There was no significant differences in the other adverse reactions.Conclusion In the treatment of SCCHN,TNP regimen is more effective than PF regimen,and the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reaction during the treatment is lower.

Objective To evaluate of safety and feasibility of thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.Methods Retrospective analyses were performed on chest combined with laparoscopy in the treatment of 20 patients with esophageal cancer information from september 2013 to July 2014.The patients were placed at a left lateral decubitus position,with the thoracoscopic mobilization of the intrathoracic esophagus and lymph node dissection;then in the lithotomy position.Laparoscopic mobilization of the stomach and lymph node dissection were cleared.Finally we pulled out the gastric tube from the esophageal bed to the neck and made stapled esophagogastrostomy in the left neck.Results All patients were not to be opened thoracic surgery and abdominal surgery.The mean operation time for thoracoscopy was(90 ± 30)minutes,The mean operation time for laparoscopic was(65±20)minutes,The total operation time was(210±40)minutes.The thoracic blood loss ranged from 60 to 200mL(mean,110mL),The abdominal blood loss ranged from 30 to 100mL(mean,60mL).mean number of mediastinal lymph nodes resected was ranged from 8 to 15(11.2 per ease),mean number of abdominal lymph nodes resected was ranged from 6 to 12(8.4 per ease).Postoperative thoracic drainage was ranged from 200 to 650mL(mean,350mL).mean time to resume oral intake was ranged from 6 to 8 days(mean,7 days),mean postoperative hospital stay was ranged from 11 to 14 days(mean,12 days),All the patients were diagnosis for esophageal squamous cell cancer after operation.Postoperative pathologicalcat staging identified stage T_1~3N_0~1M₀.There was not tumor at the upper rejection margin and the lower margin.There was not anastomotic leak in postoperative.Postoperative lung infection in1 case.Postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 1case.It was successfully followed up with durations 6 months.anastomotie stricture in 1 case after postoperative 3 months,And in endoscopic probe dilatation for patients with anastomotie stricture was successful in three times.20 cases were successfully followed up with durations ranged from 2 to 10 months.There was not spreaded and died in cases.Conclusion Combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy can reduce trauma and postoperative complications,which is safe and feasible therapeutic method.

Tumor cell type and sub-cellular organelle are potential targets for cancer therapy.These targets have cell types including tumor-initiating cells,cancer stem cells,circulating tumor cells,metastasis-initiating cells,bone marrow derived cells and stromal cells,as well as sub-cellular organelles including mitochondria,lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum,extracellular vesicles,centrosome and nucleolus.New targets should provide more targeted therapy and personalized therapy for patients with human cancers.

Ovarian cancer is the highest death rate of gynecologic malignant tumor.Currently,people recognize standard treatment for ovarian cancer was that reduction-Tumor cells of platinum based chemotherapy after surgery.But for those patients who have developed into advanced cancer that cannot be operated the surgeries directly,the application of preoperative Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)does have the superiority.which is recognized by the majority of clinical doctors,and has been widely used in the treatment of advanced malignant tumor.It is worthy to discussing which part of patients should choose the initial treatment of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy,rather than a direct treatment of destroying tumor cells.This article is summarizing the empirical cases based on related research,in order to help clinicians to make a decision on the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Allicin,which contains rich sulfide,is provided for prevention and treatment of tumor,anti inflammation,prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases,improving immunity and so on.Studies show that allicin can not only prevent many types of cancer,but also has obvious inhibitory effect on tumor.The mechanism is related with antioxidant effects,reducing the invasion of tumor cells,inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells,inducing tumor cell apoptosis and directly killing the tumor cells.This paper reviews the research progresses on antitumor allicin.

Gastric cancer is the fourth malignancies and the second cancer-related mortality rate in the world.Although the incidence of gastric cancer has declined in the past few decades,it is still a serious health problem.Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression.The main components of gastric cancer include tumor associated macrophages、lymphocytes、cancer-associated fibroblasts、angiogenesis factors,cytokines,gastric microenvironment and the mechanism of action of chemokines.In this review,the correlation between tumor microenvironment and GC is discussed.

Transcription factorhypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1)plays a key role in cell adaption to hypoxia(from 21% O₂ to 1% O₂).Researches have shown that HIF-1 is closely related to occurrence and development in many malignant cancers.In this paper,we review the effect of HIF-1 in tumor growth,metastasis,apoptosis and angiogenesis.

Lysine specific demethylase 1(LSD1)is a kind of flavin adenine dinucleotid(FAD)dependent amine oxidase and can specifically demethylate H3K4me2/me1 and H3K9me2/mel,thus it can regulate gene transcriptional activity.LSD1 is essential for mammalian development and is involved in many biological processes,including cell differentiation,gene activation,and gene repression.Nowadays,it is demonstrated that LSD1 might promote cell phase transition(deficiency in LSD1 leads to partial cell cycle arrest in G₂/M)and cell proliferation,suggesting that the over-expression of LSD1 might promote tumorigenesis.LSD1,as a demethylase,may be a new target for anti-cancer therapy.Hereby,we review on the structure,action mode of LSD1 and its relationship with oncogenesis.

Tumor metastasis and invasion of cancer are the leading causes of death in patients.The processes of tumor metastasis and invasion involves a variety of factors in which epithelial-to-myofibroblast transition(EMT)plays an important role.Transcription factor Snail as EMT of tumor cell key regulator has played an important role.Through the study of Snail regulating EMT of tumor cell signaling pathways will help us understand the mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis better and provide a basis for finding effective targets.