Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate whether video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical(VATS)lobectomy is as effective as open thoracotomy lobectomy for complete dissection of the mediastinal lymph node(MLN).Methods Patients with clinical stage N₀ lung cancer who underwent lobectomy between January 2008 and June 2013 were retrospectively evaluated based on the LN station resected and lobectomy procedure used,and a resection ratio was calculated.Nodal stage and the proportion of patients,from whom at least three MLNs and station 7 were dissected and compared by lobectomy type.Results Of the 201 patients enrolled in the study,84 and 117 underwent VATS and open thoracotomy lobectomies,respectively.The mean number of LNs dissected at station 3a was similar in the two groups(1.34 ± 2.58 vs. 1.52 ± 1.78;P＞0.05),but the resection ratio differed(39% vs. 63%;P＜0.05).However,there were no differences at stations 7 and 9R in terms of the number of LNs dissected or resection ratio for the right-sided approaches(P＞0.05).There were no differences in the number of LNs dissected or resection ratio between the two groups for stations 4L,5L,6L,7L,and 9L for the left-sided approaches.Only station 8L showed significant differences between the VATS and open thoracotomy groups in the number of LNs dissected(0.12 ± 0.44 vs.0.46 ± 0.71;P＜0.05)and resection ratio(8% vs. 36%;P＜0.05).There were no differences in the number of LNs dissected or resection ratio between groups for station 7: 82.1% of patients in each group had at least three MLNs and station 7 removed(P＞0.05).The Kaplan-Meier 5-year survival was also similar between the two groups(log-rank test,P＞0.05).Conclusion VATS lobectomy is as effective as open thoracotomy lobectomy for the dissection of MLNs.Thus,VATS lobotomy resection will continue to be offered as the best choice for patients with clinical stage N₀.

Objective To test and compare CA19-9,CEA with Specific N-Glycans in early-middle stage pancreatic carcinoma serum to find a better tumor marker in early pancreatic carcinoma.Methods To find the difference of N-Glycans structure,DSA-FACE was performed in 35 early middle stage pancreatic carcinoma patients and 50 healthy human.Meanwhile,we tested CA19-9 and CEA in the pancreatic carcinoma patients at the same stage.Result The serum N-glycan profiles of pancreatic carcinoma was identified by the DSA-FACE technique.The Results showed that between pancreatic carcinoma patients and healthy persons,there were significant differences in N-glycans.The peak 13,14 and 17 were the most significant peaks which would be most likely picked as a new tumor marker of pancreatic carcinoma.Taking log(p14×p17/p13)as indicator of the ROC curve analysis,and the area under ROC curve was 0.799±0.050 with 84.9% sensitivity and 68% specificity.Meanwhile,the sensitivity of CA19-9 was 61.2%,the sensitivity of CEA was 11.7%.Conclusion The Peak 13,14 and 17 are the most significant peaks which would be picked as a new tumor marker of pancreatic carcinoma.Espicially,its sensitivity is superior to CA19-9、CEA for early middle stage patients.

Objective This study is to explore the differences in the curative effect of intra-abdominal infusion between Recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor and Dendritic cell-Cytokine induced killer.Methods We selected 48 advanced gastric cancer patients with ascites.Those patients were randomized into two groups:DC-CIK group and rmhTNF group.After one month treatment,we observed the adverse events both two groups,and evaluated the clinical beneficial responses,the responsive rate,the tumor indicators′ level,the immune indexes and the time of tumor progression.Results In the DC-CIK group,the RR and the CBR were 83.3% and 66.67%,respectively;while in the rmhTNF group,they were 58.33% and 75%,respectively.The difference between two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Only CA724 decreased after treatment in two groups(P=0.015).There were no significant differences of tumor markers between the two groups before and after treatment(P＞ 0.05).The ratios of CD3⁺、CD4⁺、NK cells distinctly increased after treatment(P＜0.05),but the ratio of CD8⁺ cell was no obvious difference in DC-CIK group(P=0.551);The ratio of NK cells increased obviously after treatment(P=0.027),but the ratios of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ were similar as previous in rmhTNF group(P＞0.05).One year follow-up of the time to progression(TTP)was 7.1 months in DC-CIK group,and 5.8 months in TNF group,which was statistically significant(P=0.02).Conclusion Both rmhTNF and DC-CIK can improve the efficacy for the patients with malignant ascites caused by gastric cancer.However,DC-CIK immunotherapy shows better active effect on improvement of specific immune function.

Objective The function of cIAP1 in the progression of ovarian cancer has not been clarified.This study is to explore the involvement of cIAP1 in regulating biological behaviors of ovarian cancer cells by using RNA interference(RNAi)technology.Methods The short hairpin RNA plasmid targeting cIAP1 was constructed and transfected into Skov3 cells.The levels of cIAP1 mRNA and protein were investigated by RT-PCR and Western Blot respectively.MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis.Results The rate of cIAP1 transfection was 74.7% performed by flow cytometric analysis.cIAP1 expression was significantly down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels,which resulted in a decrease of cell proliferation and invasion capability in vitro.Conclusion This study implies that cIAP1 might play an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer,and it could be a potential target for therapeutic anti-cancer drugs.

Objective To investigate the effects of autophagy on breast cancer cells to tamoxifen resistance.Methods Immunofluorescence was used to count the proportion of the cells with autophagy in MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR,as well as,the average of autophagosome in each cells.Western blotting was used to detect the different expressions of p38,c-jun and LC3 in MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR.Stepwise selection was used to detect the duration of resistance to different doses of tamoxifen when upregulating or downregulating of LC3.Western blot was facilitated to investigate changes of activity of p38/c-jun.Rusults Compared with MCF-7,the proportion of the cells with autophagosome in MCF-7/TAMR was markedly increased,the same as the average of autophagosome in each cells.Compared with MCF-7,LC3,especially LC3IIprotein expressive levels in MCF-7 / TAMR was significantly increased.The expressive level of LC3 during the induction process of TAM resistance was negative correlated with resistant cell lines.The expressions of phosphorylated p38 and c-Jun in MCF-7/TAMR were significantly increased.Conclusion Autophagy promotes breast cancer cells to resistant to tamoxifen,due to downregulation of the expression of autophagy related proteins which may inhibit the generation of resistant breast cancer cells.This may be a viable treatment strategy for refractory breast cancer.

Objective To explore the expression and correlation of CIP2A and HPV16-E7 protein in cervical cancer.Methods The expressions of CIP2A and HPV16-E7 in 50 cases of cervical cancer,34 cases of CINⅠ,40 cases of CINⅡ,45 cases of CINⅢ and 12 cases of normal tissues were assessed by immunohistochemical method.Results The rate of expressions of CIP2A protein in cancer tissues and CINⅢ were 68%(34/50)and 13.3%(6/45)respectively;The rate of expressions of CIP2A protein in CINⅡ、CINⅠ tissues and normal tissues were negative.The expressions of CIP2A protein in cancer tissues were stronger than in CIN tissues and normal tissues(P＜0.05)and closely correlated with histologic grade,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).The rates of expressions of HPV16-E7 protein in cancer tissues CINⅢ,CINⅡand CINⅠ were 72%(36/50),68.89%(31/45),67.50%(27/40)and 64.71%(22/34)respectively.The rate of expressions of HPV16-E7 protein in normal tissues was 16.67%(2/12);The expressions of HPV16-E7 protein in cancer tissues and in CIN tissues were stronger than in normal tissues(P＜0.05)and closely correlated with age,but were not correlated with histologic grade,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P＞0.05).The expression of CIP2A was positively associated with the expression of HPV16-E7 in cervical cancer(r=0.514,P＜0.05).Conclusion The expressions of CIP2A and HPV16-E7 are very strong in cervical cancer;CIP2A and HPV16 may play important roles in the carcinogenesis and the development of cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the distribution of breast invasive ductal carcinoma with different molecular subtypes,and to study the relationship between molecular subtypes and clinical pathological features in Xinjiang area.Methods A total of 621 patients with IDC from January 2013 to January 2014 was classified into Luminal A type,Luminal B type,HER-2 overexpression type and Basal-like type,different molecular subtypes according to the estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)and Ki-67,and compared the statistics combining with the clinical pathological characteristics of IDC.Results The result showed that Luminal B type accounted for 53.1%,Luminal A type,HER-2 overexpression type and Basal-like type accounted for 14.5%,15.9%,16.4%,respectively.There were significant differences between the molecular subtypes and tumor size,histological grade,tumor pathological stage,the expression of ER,PR and HER-2(P＜0.05 for all).There were no correlations between the molecular subtypes and age,as well as lymph node metastasis(P＞0.05).Conclusion There is a close relationship between invasive ductal carcinoma of different molecular subtypes and clinical pathological characteristics.The molecular subtypes are beneficial to treatment guidelines for clinical individual.

Objective To explore the relationship between gene MTDH expression and its role in promoting gastric carcinoma metastasis.Methods We collected clinical specimens and cultured gastric carcinoma cell lines.By Western blotting and Real-time PCR methods,protein and mRNA levels in tissues and MTDH relationship with EMT were detected.Results There was 86% of patients who expressed MTDH positively and 13% of normal gastric mucosa was positive expression.The Results showed that the expressive level of MTDH gene in gastric carcinoma was higher than in the normal tissues.The expression of MTDH was correlated with TNM stage、microvascular invasion、recurrence and metastasis.The expressive level of MTDH was correlated with two epithelial mesenchymal transition markers(E-cadherin and N-cadherin).Conclusion MTDH may promote gastric carcinoma metastasis through the induction of EMT process and may be a candidate biomarker for therapeutic target.

Objective To investigate the indicative value of Neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio in the progress of colorectal cancer.Methods Fifty one patients with colorectal cancer,63 cases with adenomatous polyps,75 cases with inflammatory and hyperplastic polyps,48 case of another digestive system tumors and 21case of inflammatory bowel diseases were enrolled in this study in the Affiliated Hefei Hospital of Anhui Medical University.We also chose sixty people as control group whom were conduct enteroscope as physical examination but didn't find any abnormal lesions and compared the date of NLR CEA and CA199 between six groups and different stages of colorectal cancer.The ROC curve was carried out to establish the cut off of NLR and the area under curve(AUC).Furthermore,we compared the diagnostic efficiency of the three tumor markers.Results The level of NLR in patients with colorectal cancer was obviously higher than that of adenoma group,the polyp group,another digestive system tumor group,inflammatory bowel disease group and normal control group(P＜0.05),despite the NLR value in another digestive system tumor and inflammatory bowel disease patients was elevated slightly,while there was no obvious differences between the another groups(P＞0.05).The levels of NLR in patient with Dukes A and B stages were lower than Dukes C and D stages(P＜0.05).The cut off of NLR was 2.73,AUC=0.727,suggesting an accurate diagnostic value.The diagnostic sensitivities of the three markers in order of NLR＞CEA＞CA199,and the specificities in order of CA199＞CEA＞NLR.Moreover,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the combined detections of three markers were higher than either of screening respectively or two indicators of arbitrary joint.Conclusion The elevated value of NLR is corresponding to the high state of inflammation in colorectal cancer,when used NLR as a potential marker for diagnosis of colorectal cancer,the sensitivity is superior to the conventional tumor markers,but the specificity is not high,therefore,we should combined with the other tumor markers to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a common cancer in hepatobiliary system.Because CCA is in sensitive to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy,the current treatment is mainly depending on the surgical operation when diagnosed early.Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) plays a key role in the process of controlling cell proliferation by binding with its receptor and therefore mediated cell apoptosis.Although the characteristic of selectively killing tumor cells by TRAIL makes it become the new direction of clinical treatment of cancer,the condition that CCA cells are resistant to TRAIL mediated apoptosis restricts its scope of application.Nowadays many studies demonstrate that multiple signaling pathways can regulate the sensitive of CCA cells to TRAIL mediated apoptosis.In this review,we summarize the expression and effects of TRAIL and its receptor in CCA,and conclude the mechanism of multiple pathways restoring the sensitivity of CCA cells to TRAIL mediated apoptosis.

The new costimulatory molecule B7-H4,also called V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1(VTCN-1),is a member of the B7 family.B7-H4 can negatively regulate the immune response of T lymphocytes through inhibiting their proliferation and cytokine production.The expression of B7-H4 plays an important role in initiation,progression and regression of malignant tumors,including female malignant tumor,such as breast cancer,ovarian cancer and uterine neoplasm.The association between the female tumors and B7-H4 causes great concern in recent years.In this review,the function of B7-H4 in female tumor research and the potential target of B7-H4 in the diagnosis and treatment of female tumor are summarized.

According to the 2012 estimates,esophageal cancer(EC)was the fifth commonly diagnosed cancer and the forth leading cause of cancer-related death.The incidence and mortality rates of EC have been increasing in China.Combined-modality therapy for EC is well accepted,and molecular targeted therapy becomes a research area.Nowadays,multiple agents have been developed and studied in phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ trials,mainly including cetuximab,erlotinib,trastuzumab,bevacizumab.In this review,we focus on the development of molecular targeted therapy for EC.

EphA7 is one of the most important members of the Eph family.It is a key regulatory factor of cell adhesion and repulsion,it also contributes to establish men,maintain ance and tissue remodeling in cell morphology.In recent years,its function in tumors has been revealed gradually.It plays a variety of roles in different tumors.The overexpression of EphA7 can be detected in acute leukemia,glioblastomamultiforme,lung cancer and hepatic carcinoma,which suggests EphA7 may be involved in the development of these tumors.While in colon cancer,prostate cancer,follicular lymphoma and gastric cancer,a significant reduction of EphA7 expression with promoter hypermethylation is discovered,which suggests EphA7 play a tumor suppressor role in these tumors.Even though the function of EphA7 is still under exploration,EphA7 and tumor development are inextricably linked,it may have roles in the pathogenesis and development of these carcinomas.

The transferrrin(Tf)and the transferrin receptor(TfR)are effective anti tumor agents which exist widely in human body.The Tf takes an important role in iron metabolism,while the TfR disturbs iron metabolism and controls the iron absorbing.The compound of Tf and TfR can induce tumor cells apoptosis.Therefore,the combination of Tf and TfR can inhibit tumor growth efficiently.In addition,it is also good for anti tumor indirectly by taking Tf/TfR as target and using artemisinin.This article will review and summarize the anti tumor effect of transferrin and transferrin receptor.

Small cell lung cancer(SCLC),characterized with rapid growth and early metastasis,accounts for about 15~20 percent of all kinds of lung cancer.Patients with extensive disease of SCLC should be treated with combined chemotherapy.The standard treatment for extensive SCLC is etoposide combined with platinum,shortly for EP,with no breakthrough progress in the last decades.This paper briefly reviews the combination of irinotecan/platinum that showed effectiveness and safety in the treatment of extensive SCLC.

External beam radiotherapy is a major treatment in the management of cancer.However radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis is common.It not only leads to quality-of-life issues in survivors and compromise treatment,but also may even be lethal in outcome.Transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)seems to be a key mediator of fibrosis.TGF-β promotes the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts while the differentiation and activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblastsmay produce the components of scar tissue,which is one of the key pathogenic processes in lung fibrosis.Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors(PPARs)are ligand activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily.PPARγ is also a key regulator of fibroblast differentiation.Many studies have shown that both natural ligand and synthetic ligand of PPARγ can suppress fibrosis by interfering with TGF-β signaling and some other approaches.The antifibrotic effects of PPARγ have been reported to be involved in both PPARγ dependent and PPARγ independent mechanisms.PPARγ agonists may have potential for the therapy of radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Tricho-rhinophalangeal syndrome-1 gene(TRPS1),a new GATA family member,is highly prevalent in many tissues.It plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and tissue development.The genetic missing of TRPS1 may lead to Tricho-rhinophalangeal syndrome.In recent years,studies have demonstrated that TRPS1 abnormal expression exists in a variety of tumors,and is associated with carcinogenesis,lymph node metastasis,pathological grading and clinical staging.Therefore,TRPS1 is considered as a potential tumor suppressor gene,its overexpression may be one of mechanisms for carcinogenesis and progression of cancer.This review focuses on the role of TRPS1 gene in carcinogenesis and progression of carcinoma,and further to provide a new biomarker for predicting cancer prognosis and therapy.

Transarterial chemoembolization is an important treatment for advanced primary hepatic carcinoma.Along with the development of TACE therapy,more and more antineoplastic drugs have been used in transarterial chemoembolization.However,the side effects and the efficacy of the drugs are still not very clear.Therefore,we summarize and compare the mechanism of actions,efficacies and side effects of these drugs in this paper.

Hypopharyngeal cancer is considered to be one of the head and neck tumor with poor prognosis.The clinical curative effect of different treatments for hypopharyngeal cancer is also different.Surgery and radiotherapy of comprehensive treatment are the main treatments of hypopharyngeal cancer.Chemotherapy and biological therapy also plays an important role on hypopharyngeal cancer.In this paper,we summarize the clinical curative effect of different treatments for hypopharyngeal cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)is defined by the lack of expressions of the estrogen receptor(ER)、progesterone receptor(PR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2).Although it is sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy,it lacks of appropriate targeted therapy and endocrine therapy.It performs characteristics of the strong invasion,high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis.So in recent years,triple negative breast cancer gets more and more attention from international oncology community.In-depth study of triple negative breast cancer will help the prevention,early diagnosis,judge the progress of the disease and improve prognosis.TNBC drug treatment and relevant research progress are reviewed in the present article.

Cancer malnutrition observed in 31%~87% patients with cancer can reduce the tolerance and compliance to radiotherapy,interrupt or delay the treatment,and significantly affect the prognosis.The malnutrition may be aggravated when the duration of radiotherapy is prolonged and chemotherapy is applied concurrently.PG-SGA is the most suitable method for nutritional risk screening in patients with malignant tumor.According to the result of nutrition assessment,giving the adaptive nutrition support can improve the nutritional status of patients and the curative effect in the early stage of radiotherapy,as wells as post radiotherapy.