Objective To explore the improvement of the digestive tract reconstruction surgery of postoperative proximal gastric cancer.Methods One hundred and eleven patients were chosen in our hospital from May 2012 to January 2014,and were divided into modified group(gastric tube-esophageal anastomosis)and traditional group(remnant stomach-esophageal anastomosis).Following-up visits were carried out for the incidence of postoperative/complications,and the postoperative quality of life was analyzed with EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-STO22.Results There was no death case in both groups in the postoperative following-up period.The duration of operation,amount of bleeding during operation and weight changes after a month of the both groups were no statistical significance.However,there was statistical significance in weight changes after operation 6 months,and the results of modified group was better than traditional group.By analyzing the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-STO22,there was statistical significance in nausea and vomiting,dysphagia,pain,reflux,and the results of modified group was better than traditional group,there were no statistical significances of others.Conclusion Compared with the traditional group,modified group can decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting,dysphagia,pain,reflux and improve the patients′postoperative quality of life effectively.It is recommended for digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy excision.

Objective To investgate the morphological monoclonal combined with SEMA3B for detection of the tumorigenic components in gastric cancer.Methods Clones derived from gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were assessed by morphological observation,the clone formation rate was calculated.The expression of SEMA3B was detected by Western blot,and the tumorigenic ability of each group was determined.Results Clones derived from GC SGC-7901 cells had three types,the total clone formation rate was(10.20±1.07)%,the expression of SEMA3B was the strongest in the Holoclone colonies,SGC-7901 cells of Holoclone clones possessed strong ability of self-renewal and in vivo tumorigenicity in the nude mice.Conclusion This study provides the experimental basis for exploring the effect of SEMA3B in gastric carcinoma tumor formation and proliferation.

Objective Our retrospective study is aimed to discuss the relationship between the curve changes of T lymphocyte subsets before and after the operation and the infectious complications after radical resection of gastric cancer.Methods Clinical data of patients with gastric cancer received treatment at Central Hospital of Panjin City,Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The enrolled patients were divided into two groups according to the infectious complications,observe group(patients with infectious complications)and control group(patients without infectious complications).The results of T lymphocyte subsets in two groups were compared.Results A total of 70 patients was retrospective analyzed,including 33 pationts in observe group and 37 pationts in control group.At the 4th day after operation,the levels of CD3,CD4 in the observe group were obviously lower than those in control group.There was no statistical difference at the other time points.At the 4th and 9th day after operation,the levels of CD8,CD4/CD8 rate in the observe group were obviously lower than those in control group.There was no statistical difference at the other time points.Conclusion There is remarkable relationship between the curve changes of T lymphocyte subsets before or after the operation and the incidence of infectious complications after radical resection of gastric cancer.

Objective To compare the efficacy and toxicity of inductive chemotherapy with pemetrexed followed by radiotherapy for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Methods Patients with stage Ⅲa/b or Ⅳ and histologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma were evaluated from July 2008 to April 2012(n=95).Patients received inductive chemotherapy with pemetrexed or paclitaxel followed by thoracic radiotherapy or chemotherapy with pemetrexed alone,respectively.Primary end point was the tumor response rate(RR),progression-free survival(PFS),1-year survival rate and toxicity.Results Tumor RR were 83.3%,81.8%and 62.5% in three groups of inductive chemotherapy with pemetrexed or paclitaxel followed by thoracic radiotherapy or chemotherapy with pemetrexed alone,respectively.PFS was 12.0 months,10.9 months and 5.7 months.The 1-year survival rate was 80.0%,78.7%and 46.8%.Tumor RR and PFS were statistically superior in pemetrexed/radiotherapy versus pemetrexed alone,and toxicity was significantly lower than in paclitaxel/radiotherapy.Conclusion The treatment of pemetrexed/radiotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma could prolong the survival of patients.Compared with the treatment of paclitaxel/radiotherapy,pemetrexed/radiotherapy provides similar efficacy with better tolerability and more convenient administration.

Objective To investigate the correlation between TIP30 and VEGF-C expression and clinicophathological characteristics in resected small cell lung cancer(SCLC)patients and to identify patients with increased risk of cancer recurrence and to provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical prevention of SCLC.Methods Sixty eight resected SCLC patients were included in this study.Paraffin-embedded specimens of patients were used for the evaluation of TIP30 and VEGF-C expression by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of VEGF-C had positive correlation with lymph node metastasis.TIP30 expression was positively correlated with VEGF-C expression.Patients with low TIP30 expression had shorter Overall survival(OS)and Disease-Free survival(DFS)than those with high TIP30 expression.OS and DFS of the patients with VEGF-C-positive tumors were significantly lower than that of the patients with VEGF-C negative tumors.The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low TIP30 and high VEGF-C expression were independent markers of poor OS(P＜0.01)in operable SCLC patients.Conclusion The expression of VEGF-C shows positive correlation with lymph node metastasis.Low TIP30 and high VEGF-C expression are independent prognostic markers of poor overall survival in resected SCLC patients.

Objective To investigate the possibility of tumor abnormal protein(TAP),as index of diagnosis and prediction of prognosis in gastrointestinal tumors(GITs).Methods The outpatients and inpatients as well as healthy physical examinees in our hospital were chosen as objects in the present study.The patients were divided into GIT group(120 cases),high-risk GIT group(123 cases)and normal group(117 cases).TAP expression was detected in three groups.These study objects were followed up for one and a half years.Then the relationship between TAP expression and the occurrence or recurrence of tumors was analyzed.Results There were significant differences(P＜0.001)among the three groups on the positive TAP with critical expression rate.TAP detections to GITs diagnosis sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and Youden index were 88.33%,85.83%,75.71%,93.64% and 0.74 respectively.TAP positive non GITs crowd tumorigenesis proportion(23.53%)was significantly higher than that of TAP-negative(0.49%)(P＜0.001).GITs TAP positive patients relapse rate(33.33%)was significantly higher than negative ones(6.90%)(P＜0.001).Conclusion TAP can be an index for diagnosis,early prevention,monitoring of treatment effect and prediction of prognosis of gastrointestinal tumor.

Objective To determine the significance of MDR-1 and MRP mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy treatment.Methods Peripheral blood samples were taken from each lung cancer patient before chemotherapy and three weeks after the first chemotherapy cycle.The expressions of MDR-1 and MRP were tested for 39 lung cancer cases using RT-PCR technique comparing to 20 normal control cases.Results There was no significant difference for MDR-1 mRNA and MRP mRNA existing in lung cancer cases and control group(P＞0.05).MDR-1 and MRP mRNA expressions were increased after treatment of chemotherapy courses in almost all pathological types of lung cancer.Furthermore,the expression level in small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy was significantly higher than that before.Conclusion Chemotherapy may induce the incidence rate of MDR-1mRNA and MRP mRNA expression in lung cancer.Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are mainly intrinsic MDR while small cell lung cancer is mainly acquired MDR to chemotherapy.Based on thepositive expression rate of MDR-1 mRNA and MRP mRNA in peripheral blood,we may evaluate the results of chemotherapy in lung cancer patients easily and conveniently.

The primary transitional cell carcinoma in nasal cavity is clinically manifested by progessively increasing nasal decongestion,bloody and purulent secretion intermittent appear,headaches,hearing loss.The macroscopic character showed that a medium gray red ground tissue.The tumor cells were arranged in nested,papillary by microscopy,the nucleus was round or oval shape,the tumor cells was infiltrating growth,basophilia or bright.Immunhistochenmical showed that P63,CK5/6,CK18,UroplakinIII,CerbB-2,CEA were positive,Ki67 positive index was about S-100,Cga,Syn,Calponinare all tested negative.Nasal primary transitional cell carcinoma is uncommon clinically,and it is easy to misdiagnosed.Its diagnosis and differential diagnosis mainly depends on pathological histoloy and immunohistochenmical examination.

Glioblastoma(GBM)is one of the most common primary intracranial tumor that has high degree of malignancy,invasive ability and a fatal prognosis.In recent years,with the development of modern technology in biomedical sciences,the understanding on GBM has developed gradually from pathological diagnosis to molecular classifications,which is based on the molecular characteristics of genetic signatures.Based on gene expression and DNA methylation patterns,primary glioblastoma is divided into four subtypes,including the classical,neural,proneural and mesenchymal.These molecular classifications are closely relevant to the biological characteristics of glioblastoma.This review briefly introduces the molecular classifications of primary glioblastoma,but mainly focuses on the changes of the major genetic EGFR,PTEN and PI3K,CDKN2A in the classical subtype of GBM,and discusses the treatment strategies for primary glioblastoma.

PET/CT is often used in the management of patients with lymphoma,and have been recommended for the staging and response assessment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin,slymphoma.Although follicular lymphoma is almost always ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose avid,PET/CT is not routinely used in the clinical practice of follicular lymphoma.But there is a growing body of literature supporting the use of PET/CT in follicular lymphoma.Therefore,on the application of PET/CT in follicular lymphoma,we review the recent literatures in this paper.

Arsenic trioxide(As₂O₃)effectively triggers apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL)cells and induces complete remission and cure in most APL patients,if they can refrain from early mortality.In the last few years,it has been under investigation as a potential treatment for non-APL leukemia and a variety of solid tumors.In the meantime,it has been found that As₂O₃ also inhibits proliferation of non-APL leukemia cell and several solid tumor cell such as liver,esophageal,and gastric cancer cell in vitro or in vivo in the more and more studies.The molecular mechanisms that As₂O₃ induces cellular apoptosis in non APL leukemia cell and solid tumor cells have been discussed,which also includes building new targeting preparation in order to obtain much more satisfying therapeutic effect and relieve its cellular toxic and side effect and so on.Here,we give a summary which is connected with the research progress above.

Radiotherapy is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The intensity modulated radiation therapy is one of the most ideal radiotherapy technology for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Local recurrence and distant metastasis are still the main reasons responded to the radiation fails.Therefore,chemoradiotherapy has become the most recommended treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),and the synchronous chemoradiotherapy is a widely accepted joint model.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy shows significant advantages comparing to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in reducing the adverse reactions,while it is uncertain whether the follow-up maintenance chemotherapy can improve total survival.The understanding of targeted drugs in chemoradiotherapy is still in early stage,but the result is worth looking forward to.In addition,novel treatments and concepts,including immune therapy and biological chemotherapy,are attracting more and more attention.

Glioma is the most common type among the malignant brain tumors,and it accounts for almost half of central nervous system tumors.In addition,one of characters of glioma is easy to relapse.The key to prolong the patients′survival time is how to choose appropriate treatments after surgical resection.With the development of medical technology,precise approaches to treat these tumors are applied,including radioactive particle implantation in brachytherapy and gene therapy.In this paper,we discuss the status of the two therapies respectively,analyzing their superiority and inferiority,and explore the prospects for the development of combined therapy in order to improve the prognosis of glioma better.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in digestive system,with an increasing incidence rate and case fatality rate all over the world in recent decades.At present,chemotherapy still plays a very important role in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.Targeted therapy brings new hope to patients,and new chemotherapy drugs and targeted drugs have been widely used in clinics.Patient′s life quality has been greatly improved,survival time has been significantly prolonged,the combination of chemotherapy and targeted therapy has also become a hot research area in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.XELOX(capecitabine plus oxaliplatin)as a first-line chemotherapy regimen in treating metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)can obtain good therapeutic effect,the side effects of XELOX are light and well tolerated;Bevacizumab,as a new type of targeted anti-tumor drugs,shows a good effect in inhibiting tumor growth and reducing its hematogenous spread risk.Bevacizumab in combination with XELOX regimen for treating mCRC has been widely investigated and reported.This review gives a brief summary on the efficacy and safety of the combined administration of Bevacizumab and XELOX.

Thoracic radiotherapy is an important means of local treatment for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)have the effect of systemic therapy.Studies have shown that NSCLC patients with EGFR exons 19,21 mutation have a synergistic effect in the combination therapy.Radiotherapy activates EGFR signaling pathway,inducing cell proliferation and DNA damage repair,leading to radiation resistance.Therefore,EGFR-TKIs have the effect in increasing radiosensitivity.Lung injury is one of the most common side effects when the two therapies combined.Studies suggest that radiotherapy combined with EGFR-TKIs may have conflicting functions in the development of pulmonary fibrosis,the discrepancy between these studies may depend on the differences in the experimental systems,the differences in pulmonary fibrosis models,as well as the differences between different species and individuals.Therefore,a more complete understanding of the etiology for pulmonary fibrosis is necessary to the development of improved treatments.

In recent years,the treatment of malignant tumor has entered the era of individualization and molecular target.Therefore,research and development of new therapeutic targets for cancer patients has become a top priority.A large number of clinical and experimental research found that HGF is produced by mesenchymal cells,which is combined with epithelial cells of specific receptors c-Met to activate the receptor tyrosine activity,promoting the growth,migration and morphological change of a variety of cell,and then to promote the tumor invasion,metastasis and angiogenesis.HGF and its receptor c-Met play an important role in the progression of thyroid cancer,breast cancer,lung cancer,head and neck squamous cell carcinomas,central nervous system tumors and digestive system tumors.HGF/c-Met signaling pathway,as a new targets for a variety of solid tumors,is considered to be the most promising therapeutic targets in recent years,it has also become one of the hot spots of current research.This article will mainly discuss HGF and c-Met receptor′s structure,function,activation mechanism and research progress in a variety of malignant tumor.A large number of clinical and experimental research found that HGF is produced by mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells with a specific receptor combination c-Met and activates the receptor tyrosine activity.

As a heritable regulation,epigenetics can regulate gene expression by other ways without changing the DNA sequence,and change cell or individual phenotypes.DNA methylation is an issue in the field of epigenetics research.Recently,many studies have been demonstrated that the methylation of repetitive DNA,specific gene and CpG island and loss of imprinting play an important role in tumor occurrence.As the development of technological approaches to DNA methylation,we have a more comprehensive understanding on methylation patterns.As specific markers,abnormal methylation sites in the genome can be used in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis predictor of disease.For tumor development caused by DNA methylation,the application of demethylating drugs have achieved good effect in clinical treatment.

Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway involves in vertebrate embryonic development,tissue differentiation,organogenesis,and plays an important role in homeostasis,the maintenance of stem cell function,regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition.Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway activation correlates with a variety of tumor development,invasion,apoptosis and drug resistance.This review seeks to clarify the composition of Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway,mechanism of action,the role of Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway in lung cancer development and function of lung cell of the EGFR-TKI resistance.

Node negative breast cancer is a prevalent form of breast cancer.With the improvement of breast cancer screening and disease awareness,the rates of node negative breast cancer are gradually increasing.Although node negative breast cancer patients have much lower recurrence rates as compared with node positive patients,node-negative breast cancer is unequal to a low risk disease.Thus,it is important for oncologist to estimate the risk factors of node negative disease,to carry out risk assessment and to guide the best regimen for these patients.In current review,we discuss the value of traditional prognostic factors and new prognostic factors,such as the urokinase-type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1,oncotype DX,MammaPrint and tumor associated macrophages,on the predictive and treatment decisions in node negative breast cancer.

Although chemotherapy is an effective way for advanced gastric cancer,it does not significantly improve the prognosis of patients.Recently,further researches on the mechanism of gastric cancer have led to the identification of ′driver gene′and the development of new agents that target these genes.By inhibiting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her-2)for advanced gastric cancer,it provides a new treatment for patients.Trastuzumab is a kind of Her-2 monoclonal antibody,it is the first kind of targeted therapy drug for the treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer.A combination of trastuzumab with cisplatin and fluorouracil based chemotherapy can benefit patients overall survival.Therefore,in this paper,we make a review and summary of a set of recent studies related to the gastric targeted therapy.