Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and effect of the ¹³¹I therapy in the adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Methods The clinical and follow up data of 181 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who received initial ¹³¹I treatment from January 2011 to January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 36 cases of adolescent patients(21 years old or younger),and 145 cases of adult patients(More than 21 years old).Results The incidence of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in adolescent group were higher than that in the non-adolescent group(P＜0.05).The effective rate of adolescent patients with ¹³¹I treatment was 91.7%,and the effective rate was 82.1% in non-adolescent group.No pulmonary fibrosis,abnormity of growth and secondary malignancies were found during follow-up.Conclusion Adolescent patients with differentiated thyroid cancer are more likely to occur local lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis.¹³¹I therapy is an effective and safe method for young patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1)and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9)in colorectal tissues and evaluate its correlation with clinical pathologic factors of colorectal cancer.Methods AEG-1 and MMP-9 expression in normal colorectal mucous(n=45),low-grade adenoma(n=31),high-grade adenoma(n=15)and colorectal carcinoma(n=146)were examined by immunohistochemistry.Statistical analyses were applied to test the significance of its expression.Results AEG-1 expression levels were gradually elevated in normal tissues,low-grade adenoma,high-grade adenoma and colorectal carcinoma respectively.Furthermore,there was a similar trend for MMP-9 from normal mucous to adenoma and carcinoma.Statistical analysis revealed that AEG-1 expression was markedly correlated with the UICC stage,T classification,N classification,M classification,and histological differentiation in the colorectal cancer patients,but not with age,gender,tumor location and tumor size.In addition,AEG-1 expression was positively correlated with the MMP-9 expression in colorectal cancer.Besides,those patients with high AEG-1 and MMP-9 levels had shorter survival time(P＜0.05).Conclusion AEG-1 may be involved in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma and can be a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and its prognostic factors for hilar cholangiocarcinoma with exairesis.Methods The clinical data of 58 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the overall survival and disease specific survival rates for these patients.And the factors that may influence the prognosis and survival of patients were analyzed using univariate(log-rank test)and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.Results The median survival time was 22 months for all patients.The 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were 76%,40% and 21%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that preoperative albumin(P=0.002),intraoperative blood loss(P=0.039),surgical method(P=0.006),histologic differentiation(P=0.001),portal vein encroached(P=0.014),surgical margin(P=0.020)were correlated factors for postoperative survival duration.Multivariate analysis by Cox Proportional Hazard Model showed that surgical method(P=0.022),histologic differentiation(P=0.020)were independent prognostic factors for patients with Hilar cholangiocarcinoma excised.Conclusion Low albumin leve,intraoperative blood loss more than 500mL,low degree of tumor differentiation,portal vein encroached,radical surgery,positive surgical margin are risk factors for total survival of Hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Ⅱ(CIN Ⅱ)associated high risk HPV with LEEP combined interferon and recombinant human interleukin-2.Methods One hundred and sixty patients with CIN Ⅱ were selected during Feb.2012 and Feb.2013.The patients were randomly divided into four groups(40 patients in each group):the control group(LEEP),group A(LEEP united with interferon),group B(LEEP united with recombinant human interleukin-2)and group C(LEEP united with interferon and recombinant human interleukin-2).TCT,colposcope examination and HPV were reviewed,and the curative effects,postoperative complications and negative conversion rate of HPV-DNA were compared after three and six months of the treatment.Results The cure rate and negative conversion rate of HPV-DNA in group C were 92.5% and 95%,which were significantly higher than others groups(P＜0.05)after six months of treatment.The time of wound healing,duration of vaginal discharge and bleeding time in group C were also shorter than others groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of LEEP combined with interferon and recombinant human interleukin-2 is superior to LEEP and LEEP united interferon or interleukin-2,which is not only shorter healing time,but also fewer complications.The therapeutic method is worthy to be applied widely.

Objective To explore the influence of renal insufficiency with microwave therapy in the treatment of liver cancer.Methods A retrospective clinical analysis with 80 patients who underwent microwave therapy of liver cancer,was performed from June 2012 to March 2014 in the department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery,the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University.According to perioperative presence of renal insufficiency,we divided the patients into renal dysfunction group(A)(n=44)and normal renal function group(B)(n=36);Preoperative ALT,TBIL,BUN,intraoperative hypotension,intraoperative urinary volume,age,the distance between the tumor and the main vessels in the liver,postoperative microwave ablation time the differences of the risk factors,such as microwave ablation range and sex of the two groups were compared during microwave therapy.Results There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups on intraoperative urinary volume(P＞0.05);The preoperative ALT,TBIL,BUN,intraoperative hypotension,age,microwave ablation time,the distance between the tumor and the main vessels in the liver,scular microwave ablation range,sex of two groups showed statistical differences(P＜0.05).BUN with preoperative ALT,TBIL,preoperative BUN,intraoperative hypotension,age,the distance between the tumor and the main vessels in the liver,time of microwave ablation,microwave ablation range,sex influence factors were positively correlated(r=0.63,0.60,0.58,0.49,0.45,0.40,0.35,0.46,0.52,P＜0.05).Strength and influencing factors of BUN are the distance between the tumor and the main vessels in the liver,microwave ablation range,intraoperative hypotension,preoperative ALT,sex,preoperative TBIL,microwave ablation time,age,preoperative BUN(β=0.52,0.42,0.37,0.31,0.29,0.25,0.20,0.18,0.16,P＜0.05).Conclusion Microwave therapy leads to renal insufficiency in the treatment of liver cancer performs many aspects,including preoperative ALT,TBIL,preoperative preoperative BUN,intraoperative hypotension,age,the distance between the tumor and the main vessels in the liver,time of microwave ablation,microwave ablation range,sex,which is closely related to the factors affecting the risk of kidney.

Objective To find related risk factors after PEIT under ultrasound.Methods We collected the data of 73 clinical PEIT cases from January 2007 to December 2011.Univariate analysis found the related risk factors of PEIT.Multivariate analysis identified the independent risk factors.Results Single factor analysis showed that the differences between groups of patient′s sex,age,the positive and negative of serum HBsAg,tumor location,tumor number in survival rates were not statistically significant;the differences in groups of tumor size,serum AFP levels,with or without portal vein tumor thrombus,liver function(Child)grade,tumor type in survival rates were significant differences.Multivariate and stepwise regression analysis showed that liver function(Child)grade,tumor type,tumor metastasis,portal vein thrombosis were factors relevant to prognosis;all chi-square test,χ²=47.763,P＜0.01;likelihood ratio test χ²=450.546,P＜0.01.Conclusion liver function(Child-pugh grade),pathological type of tumors,tumor′s metastasis,emboli in portal vein are the risk factors after PEIT.

Objecitive Under the fluorescent microscope,we used fluorescein sodium fluorescence to determine glioma boundary,thus gliomas removed through surgery more thoroughly.Methods We randomly selected 14 patients who were admitted in the First Hospital of JiLin University as the research objects,patients with glioma were diagnosed as glioma according to the physical signs,physical examination,and imaging findings before surgery.Diagnosed with glioma,intraoperative application of fluorescein sodium yellow fluorescence was determined the tumor boundary,and removal of the tumor,according to the fluorescence intensity strength is different.The pathological diagnosis was to determine the boundary of fluorescent was accurate.Postoperative examined MRI was performed in order to make clear the excision of the tumor,and the neurological condition of postoperative was observed.Results Glioma could be inspired by yellow fluorescence under fluorescent microscope.The normal brain tissue was not light.Postoperative pathological Results showed that the fluorescent yellow area contained a lot of glioma cells,pale yellow fluorescence area found a small amount of glioma cells.Postoperative enhanced MRI scan had confirmed that application of fluorescein sodium could be more thoroughly resection of glioma,postoperative dysfunction was reduced.Conclusion This method is prior to tumor boundary observasion without fluoresent staining and reducing the recurrence of the tumor and reducing the normal brain tissue damage,and therefore,improving the quality of postoperative survival of patients.

Objective The aim of the study is to detect the expression of IGF-1R and IRS-1 in squamous cell lung cancer(SQCLC)and to explore the role in the development of squamous cell lung cancer and clinical significance.Methods Specimens from 246 surgical SQCLC and 40 adjacent normal lung tissues were evaluated for IGF-1R and IRS-1 expression by immunohistochemistry.We explored the correlation between IGF-1R and IRS-1,their relationship with clinicopathological parameters and their impact on outcome in SQCLC patients.Results SQCLC of IGF-1R positive expression rate was 54.07%,which was higher than in adjacent normal tissue(32.5%),SQCLC of IRS-1 positive expression rate was 38.21%,which was lower than in adjacent normal tissue(70%),the pairwise difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);Expression of IGF-1R was correlated with lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05),IRS-1 expression was related with degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).Survival of IGF-1R expression group of patients was significantly shorter than the expression of IGF-1R negative patients,the survival of the IRS-1 expression was significantly longer than patients who negatively expressed IRS-1,the difference was statistically significant(P=＜0.001 and =0.021).IGF-1R was negatively correlated with IRS-1 expression in SQCLC(r=-0.125,P＜0.001).Conclusion IGF-1R,IRS-1 are involved in the occurrence of SQCLC,the development.The IGF-1R is an independent prognostic factor in SQCLC.

Objective To investigate the role of HMGA2 expression and epithelial to mesenchymal cell transformation in the regulation of TGF-β1 in human gastric cancer cells.Methods Human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901 was treated by TGF-β1 at different time points(0,3,6,24,48,72h).We observed the changes in cell morphology of SGC-7901 through the microscope;HMGA2 assay,E-cadherin,Vimentin protein expression were performed by Western blot;cell invasion capability was analyzed by transwell chamber assay.Results (1)With the prolonged duration of action of TGF-β1,SGC-7901 changes in cell morphology,cells gradually became longer and larger.(2)In the role of TGF-β1,gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 are varying degrees of HMGA2 expression and E-cadherin、Vimentin.HMGA2 protein begun to express from 0h to 6hrs.and HMGA2 protein became the strongest at 6hrs and decreased slightly from 24hrs.E-cad protein expression at 0h begun at 3hrs highest expression,and the reduction started from 3hrs.Vimentin protein was the highest at 48hrs then gradually decreased.Conclusion In the TGF-β1 induced the process of epithelial to mesenchymal cell transformation in gastric cancer cells SGC-7901,HMGA2 protein play an important role.HMGA2 can be used as snail promoter,combined with Smads,promotes the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation.HMGA2 may also be regulated by Wnt / β-Catenin signaling pathway on growth and apoptosis of tumor cells.

Objective To detect the changes of cell invasion and proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 through the upregulation of miR-222.Methods The expression of miR-222 was up-regulated by liposomal transfection.The expression of PTEN which is the targeting protein of miR-222 was detected by using Western Blot assay.The changes of proliferative capacity and invasive ability in HepG2 cells after the upregulation of miR-222 were detected through MTT assay and Transwell assay.Results In Western Blot experiments,the expression of PTEN in transfection groups were lower than that in negative control groups and blank control groups.In MTT assay,the OD values in transfected group were higher than that in negative control group and blank control group(P＜0.05).In transwell experiments,the number of penetrating cells in transfected group were higher than that in negative control group and blank control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Our Results suggest that PTEN is significantly down regulated by the upregulation of miR-222.The proliferative capacity and invasive ability are raised in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 through the upregulation of miR-222.

Objective To investigate the recombinant human fibronectin(RetroNectin,RN)on proliferation,immunological characteristics and cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells(CIK).Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were cultured in vitro by precoating with RetroNectin(R-CIK group),CD3Ab(C-CIK group),RetroNectin combined with CD3Ab(R+C-CIK group)and traditional method(CIK group)were to generate CIK.The changes of growth rate,characterization,cytotoxicity and apoptosis of CIK were determined by cell counting,LDH assay and flow cytometry respectively.Results R+C-CIK cell showed a higher proliferation rate than other three groups.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);The percentage of CD3/CD56 double positive cells in R+C-CIK and R-CIK group had a higher proportion than those in C-CIK and CIK group at day12 and day15(P＜0.05);Cytotoxicity of CIK towards K562 cells in R+C-CIK group and R-CIK group were significantly higher than that in C-CIK and CIK group,when effector-to-target ratio was 20∶1 and 40∶1(P＜0.05).We also found that the cytotoxicity of CIK towards LOVO cells in R+C-CIK group and R-CIK group were higher than that in C-CIK group and CIK group(P＜0.05).Conclusion RetroNectin and Anti-CD3-MAb synergistically promote antitumor efficiency of CIKs by increasing proliferation and cytotoxicity.

With data support from abundant research,epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR)signaling pathway is associated with radiotherapy resistance.EGFR inhibition has become one of Methods to increase radiosensitivity.As the first EGFR monoclonal antibody developed by China and Cuba,nimotuzumab demonstrates its distinct clinical characteristics and has been extensively explored in head and neck cancer,esophageal cancer,high grade glioma.This article mainly reviews the present situation and recent advances on the radiosensitivity research of nimotuzumab.

Radiation therapy is one of the main therapeutic means of thoracic malignant tumors.When received certain radiation,lung may cause the common complication of chest tumor radiotherapy-Radiation-induced Lung Injury(RILI),which restricts the radiation dose for the tumor region and may affect patient outcomes.RILI is closely associated with multiple cytokines,such as interleukin family,tumor necrosis factor,transforming growth factor,etc.Currently,research on RILI control Methods has also made some breakthrough,this article elaborates on this individually.

Tumor inhibiting protein p33ING1b is the key expressive product of inhibitor of growth 1.It plays critical role in cell multiplication,period control,senescence,repair of DNA damage,apoptosis,and chromatin remodeling.The abnormal expression of p33ING1b is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumor.This paper reviews tumor inhibiting protein p33ING1b in the research development of tumors in digestive system.

The recurrence rate of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been increasing.The therapy scheme consists of reirradiation、chemotherapy、and chemoradiotherapy,with the purpose of improving the local control and prolonging the survival time.Reirradiation is feasible for locally recurrence of non-small-cell lung cancer patients,treatment is security and could better improve quality of life in patients.The majority of patients are tolerable and have better short-term efficacy,No severe short term radiation induced injury is observed.But the long term radiation induced injury and long term efficacy need further investigation.In the present paper,we review the roles of reirradiation for locally recurrence of non-small-cell lung cancer patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy and the progress in clinical research.

Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is a group of RNAs that exceed 200nt in length without protein coding capacity.The tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma relate to the aberrant expression of lncRNAs closely.In this review,we summarize researches in the current status of lncRNAs in human colorectal carcinoma to provide potential evidences for future diagnosis and gene therapies.

In addition to the traditional treatment mode of colorectal cancer(Colorectal cancer,CRC),anti tumor immune treatment gradually becomes the focus.In addition to some clinical pathological factors which affect the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma,the host′s immune response becomes a hotspot.Treg cells involves in immune reaction through immunomodulatory mechanism.Foxp3 as a regulator of Treg plays an important role though suppress proliferation and differentiation of immune cell.The relationship between the expression of Foxp3 in Treg and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer is closely.The review is to clarify the basic characters of Foxp3 and Treg,the mechanism of Foxp3+Treg cell,the significance between the expression of Foxp3 in Treg and the prognosis of colorectal cancer.

The single or combined administration of Raltitrexed with other anticancer drugs have showed prospective curative effects on solid tumor.This paper reviews the current research situation of Raltitrexed against malignant tumor and explores the possibilities for the efficacy and mechanism in treatment of malignant tumor.Raltitrexed is one kind of effective anti cancer drugs and plays a more and more important role in solid tumor therapy.

Through analyzing the gene expression profile of tumor cells with gene chip technology and selecting the differentially expressed genes of different tumor individuals and tumor types,researchers find that these genes are not only connected with tumor growth,proliferation,apoptosis,and signal transduction,but also with tumor pathogenesis,tumor infiltration,tumor metastasis and tumor drug resistance.Some tumor differentially expressed genes or genomes show that these genes are even associated with tumor histological source and histological type.It demonstrates practical application value in the pathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors.

Primary liver cancer(PLC)is one of the most invasive malignant tumors in the clinics.The PLC within Milan criteria can be cured by liver transplantation or liver resection.However,PLC exceeding Milan criteria has been a question for us to overcome all the time.In recent years,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and its combination therapy for PLC exceeding Milan criteria have made some breakthrough.A great deal of literatures have confirmed that TACE and its combined therapy for PLC exceeding Milan criteria can improve the survival rate obviously,it also contains many advantages,such as low cost,safe,painless,minimally invasive,repetitive operation and so on.The progress of TACE for PLC exceeding Milan criteria in recent years is summarized in this paper.

Heat shock protein 90(Hsp90)is a highly conserved protein which have been proved to play an important role in the development and progression of malignant transformation.As one of small molecule inhibitors that has been detected to have potent antitumor activity in a wide range of malignancies,NVP-AUY922 is a pyrazole scaffold drug with many advantages such as low toxicity and stable structure.As a result of this,NVP-AUY922 is extensively considered as a new promising kind of anti-tumor drug.This review intends to update the reader on advances made over the past four years in the clinical development of NVP-AUY922 in advanced cancers.