Objective To investigate relationship between the gene polymorphism of CYP1A1,GSTM1,environmental factors and the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma.Methods To explore the roles of CYP1A1,GSTM1 genes and environmental factors that played in the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma.we tested above such gene polymorphisms in the peripheral blood of 86 cases of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma family and 82 cases of control family,and did the on-site survey about the environmental risk factors.Results There were statistic differences between XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma family and control family in the distribution frequency of gene types of CYP1A1 MspI,GSTM1(P=0.002,P=0.001).Combined effects of the CYP1A1 MspI mutision genotype and GSTM1 null genotype indicated a notable interaction on the increased family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma,with an OR of 3.571(95%CI=1.738~3.346).Multiple logistic regression showed that water type,intaking of fresh vegetables,fruits,and CYP1A1 MspI mutision genotype are correlated with the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma(P=0.005,P=0.013,P=0.001).The intaking of fresh vegetables and fruits was protective factor(OR=0.278,95%CI=0.137~0.551),and the water type(OR=3.468,95%CI=1.562~6.551),and CYP1A1 MspI mutision genotype(OR=2.732,95%CI=1.741~3.886)were the risk factors for the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma.Conclusion The polymorphism of CYP1A1,GSTM1 genes plays a role in the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma.Drinking the river water and CYP1A1 MspI mutision genotype are risk factors for the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma,which maybe correlate with the high esophageal carcinoma incidence rate in the member of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma family.

Objecive The present study aims to assess the anti-tumor effects of combined treatment with liposome-peptides with Th1 cells and to investigate the possible involved mechanism.Methods B16-OVA melanoma tumor-bearing mice model was established.The mice were divided into the control group,Th1+peptides group,Th1+liposome-peptides group and Th1+OVA group.The changes in tumor volume,survival of recipients and activities of immune cells were analyzed.Results We found that tumor growth was significantly inhibited and survival rate was significantly improved by the treatment with Th1+liposome-peptides as compared with contol group and Th1+peptides group.Tumor eradication was crucially dependent on the generation of tumor-specific CTLs in the tumor DLNs and tumor site.Conclusion These Results identify that Th1 combined with liposome-peptides is a novel approach to induce anti-tumor immune effectively.

Objective To explore the effect of aromatase inhibitors-anastrozole on IL-17 and RANKL/RANK/OPG in the serum of collagen induced arthritis(CIA)rats and to illustrate its aggravation on bone.Methods CIA rats were divided randomly into 3 groups:anastrozole group(A),ovarectomy group(O)and sham operation group(S).The edema rate of ankle joints were examined.The radiological injuries of ankle were observed by molybdenum target radiography.The production of IL-17 and RANKL/RANK/OPG in the serum were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared to ovarectomy group,administration of anastrozole significantly increased the severity of arthritis(P＜0.05),the levels of IL-17 and RANKL in anastrozole group were significantly higher,whereas,OPG expression was lower.Moreover,the ratio of RANKL/OPG obviously increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Anastrozole potently promots the progression of CIA model by the increasing of IL-17、RANKL and decreasing of OPG.

Objective To investigate the change of Treg and Th17 cell level in peripheral blood and lymph node of B′cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)patients.Methods Treg and Th17 cell levels in peripheral blood and lymph node of 50 NHL patients and 50 healthy persons were detected by flow cytometry.The Results were statistically analyzed.Results In the 50 cases of B-NHL patients,Treg cells in peripheral blood and lymph node were higher than that in the normal control group.The ratio of Th17/Treg cells in lymph node of NHL patients was lower than that in the normal control group.Conclusion There is an imbalance between regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in B-cell Non-Hodgkin′s Lymphoma.The mechanis of the imbalance may provide an insight to immunotherapy.

Objective We intend to explore the best solution of colorectal cancer screening to achieve early detect,early diagnosis and early therapy for colorectal neoplasm by analyzing the Results of colorectal screening in Haicang District of Xiamen City.Methods From Dec.2008 to Oct.2010,preliminary screening was carried out to the inhabitants arranging from 40 to 74 years old in 4 villases of Haicang District combining questionnaires and continuous fecal occult blood test(FOBT),which is recommended by Chinese Cancer Fundation.High risk people accepted complete colonoscopy.Total number is 8179 people,among which 6380 people actually received screening.Results 81.06 percent of 1035 high risk people obtained by questionnaires and FOBT accepted complete colonoscopy.Positive incidence of colorectal cancer,adenomatous polyps and other lesions were 1.67% and 23.96% respectively.Colorectal cancer detection rate was significantly higher in questionnaires and FOBT were both positive than in questionnaire or FOBT positive alone(P＜0.05).Colorectal cancer detection rate was significantly higher in FOBT twice positive than in FOBT negative or FOBT once positive(P＜0.05).Significant linear relationship was observed between times of detection rate in FOBT positive and colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps and other lesions detection rate(P＜0.05).Conclusion Combining questionnaires and continuous FOBT can significantly concentrate high-risk group colorectal cancer,therefore can greatly reduce the workload of screening.

Objective To analyze the pathological classification and ultrasonic features of phyllodes tumor of breast(PTB).Methods Fifty-four patients in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University with PTB confirmed with pathology were enrolled.The clinical,pathological and ultrasonic features of PTB were retrospectively analyzed.Results All masses of fifty-four patients were confirmed as PTB pathologically.PTB usually was presented as big,lobulated,hypoechoic solid or cyst-solidary.All patients were included into seven benign,forty-three borderline,four malignant.Pathological classifications were related to the sizes,shapes,echoes and blood of the masses(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonic features were related to pathological classifications,but they were lack of specificity.The final diagnosis relies on needle biopsy or pathological results.

Objective To observe the role of Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction in advanced non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with high blood coagulation state.Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups with 30 cases in each.The treatment group was followed by conventional chemotherapy combined with Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoctionin treatment,while the control group was treated conventional chemotherapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine placebo.The contents of observation are platelet,coagulation time,blood rheology,and the life quality in the two groups.Results The treatment group is superior to the control group in the change of hemogram,life quality(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoctionin can improve blood hypercoagulable state in the patients with advanced NSCLC,and to a certain extent,improve the patients life quality.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of method to prevent the obturator nerve reflex in the process of Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor(TURBt)of lateral wall bladder tumor.Methods A total of 109 patients suffered from lateral wall bladder tumor,who underwent TURBt from Jan 2009 to Sep 2012,were investigated.Sixty-five patients were underwent intravenous anesthesia plus intravenous injection of muscle relaxant drugs,vecuronium,the laryngeal mask airway ventilation was used at the same time.However,epidural anesthesia was applied in 44 patients.Then,obturator nerve reflex,bladder perforation,bleeding,and indwelling catheter time were investigated in these two groups,respectively.SPSS16.0 software was used for further statistical analysis.P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results There was no significant difference in the two groups about general situation.In intravenous anesthesia group,obturator nerve reflex occurred in 5 cases during operation,the other 60 patients didn't have obturator nerve reflex.In epidural anesthesia group,29 patients had obturator nerve reflex during operation.Compared with epidural anesthesia group,obturator nerve reflex rate was significantly reduced(P＜0.01)in intravenous anesthesia group.Conclusion Compared with epidural anesthesia group,intravenous vecuronium plus the laryngeal mask airway ventilation is simple,safe,and effective method to prevent obturator nerve reflex in the TURBt of lateral wall bladder tumor.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,treatment,and prognosis of proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma(PES).Methods The clinical data of 7 cases with PES in the First Hospital of Peking University from January 2000 to May 2013 were collected and analyzed,including clinical features,pathology,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Results All 7 patients with clinical manifestations of slowly growing painless subcutaneous nodules in the head,neck and trunk received extensive resection surgery.The majority(5/7)of patients received radiotherapy postoperatively,and the survival rate of 1-year,3-year and 5-year in our whole group was 100%,80% and 60 %.Conclusion The prognosis of proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma is poor because of its high risk of local recurrence,node metastasis,and distant metastasis.PES is rare clinically and the pathological diagnosis is required.The early extensive resection surgery is still the main treatment of PES.

Objective To observe the effection of ⁸⁹Sr,bisphosphonate,and two drugs in combination in treating the Patients with skeletal metastases.Methods To observe 115 patients totally,including 36 in ⁸⁹Sr group and 38 of bisphosphonate group and combined group 41,We collected the mark of observed objects,including the Visual analogue scale(VAS).Furthermore,we also counted the number of the white blood cell and platelets numerical values of the patients who used the ⁸⁹Sr before and after they were cured.Contrast the changes which is marked by the VAS score of the three groups before and after their treatment in order to analyze the effect of treatment.Compared the efficient of the three groups to analyze the difference of the three methods.Analyze the effect of ⁸⁹Sr on hematopoietic system by observating the changes of the number of the white blood cell and platele.Results The VAS score changes of the ⁸⁹Srgroups supports the Conclusion that ⁸⁹Sr can improve the quality of life in patients with skeletal metastases(t=4.9378,P＜0.05).The group using the bisphosphonate draw the Conclusion that the medicine can improve the quality of life in patients with skeletal metastases by using the same statistical methods(VAS:t=4.558,P＜0.05).The number of the white blood cell change before and after the curing(t=4.6709,P＜0.05)in the group of the ⁸⁹Sr.The number of the platelet also change(t=5.4073,P＜0.05)in the same group.In the group of combined treatment,the number of the white blood cells change before and after the curing(t=9.901,P＜0.05),as same as the number of the platelet(t=8.6496,P＜0.05).The number of white blood cell(t=11.4246,P＜0.05)and platelet(t=8.3991,P＜0.05)both showed increasing trend when the patient of combination group come back.The data indicate that ⁸⁹Sr will produce a temporary effect which is reversible to the hematopoietic system.The treatment efficacy of the three groups is 69.44%,68.42% and 92.68%.The efficiency of the combined treatment group is higher than the single drug group.The result of the chi-square test is χ²=8.27,P＜0.05,χ²=7.55,P＜0.01.Conclusion ⁸⁹Sr,bisphosphonate and dural-drug combined are all helpful in curing the patients with skeletal metastases with improving their living conditions.The efficiency of combined treatment is higher than using single drug.⁸⁹Sr will produce a temporary effect which is reversible to the hematopoietic system and the effect will be removed after discontinue the medicine.

Malignant melanoma tends to occur after puberty.it is rarely observed in childrhood.We report a case of malignant melanoma caused by congenital huge melanin cell nevus.

To report a case of tanycytic ependymoma and to review the interrelated articles.Our Conclusion is that tanycytic ependymoma is rare.TE derives mainly from paraventricular and spinal ependymoma central tube surface cells,which is lack of characteristic imaging findings.The main clinical manifestations is to oppress but not brain and spinal cord tissue .Tanycytic Ependymoma treatment is tumorectomy ecteug combined with postoperative radiation therapy.Tanycytic ependymoma prognosis after surgery still needs further observation.

Worldwide,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death.With the development of the knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis underling NSCLC,we can find new targets and anticancer agents,and novel strategies of targeted therapys for the patients with NSCLC.The polo-like kinase1(PLK1)is a serine/threonine of kinase and it is a key regulator of mitosis.The inhibition of PLK1 can lead to mitotic arrest and tumor cell apoptosis.PLK1 is overexpressed in the tissue of tumor,however,it is hardly detected in most adult tissue.RNA interference(RNAi)is another powerful tool which can target mRNA and reduce the expression of the targeted gene.In this review,we will focus on the PLK1,and discuss the studies of PLK1 inhibitors and siRNA against PLK1,with special emphasises on NSCLC.

Diabetes and malignant tumor has become a serious global major public health problem to human.A large number of epidemiological studies have demonotrated that diabetes can increase the onset risk of colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,liver cancer,breast cancer and stomach cancer.In this paper,we discussed the relationship between diabetes and malignant tumors,as well as the possible mechanisms.

Classical theories of origin for cancer assume that cancer can originate from the local body.Increased evidence shows that cancer can originate from the whole body but not local.We postulate that tumors originate from the origin cells of which tumor stagnate and replicate in suitable microenvironment.Moreover,tumor cells promote the form of tumor microenvironment,and tumor metastasis is only the growth of cancer initiating cells in suitable microenvironment.

Primary liver cancer is a common malignancy worldwide.Early detection and early treatment of liver cancer has become the focus of clinical research.Radiofrequency ablation(RFA)at home and abroad has been recognized as an effective treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma,especially for the small diameter of less than 3cm in patients with liver cancer.The cure rate has reached or even exceeded surgical resection.Diameter greater than 3cm in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with RFA single recurrence rate is relatively high.Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of liver cancer has long been recognized,but there are also some disadvantages.After TACE,the original artery system is changed,easy to set up collateral circulation,focal necrosis rate is low,the recurrence rate is high,and repeated TACE treatment will increase the liver function damage.TACE combined with the RAF in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with each other,improve treatment safety,efficacy,and long-term outcome for patients.This paper studies the TACE combined RFA of small hepatocellular carcinoma status and progress.

Radiation therapy is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.As a solid tumor, the hypoxia phenomenon is prevalent in nasopharyngeal carcinoma microenvironment.Hypoxia tumors occur not only more aggressive and higher probability of distant metastases,but also lower sensitivity to chemotherapy.HIF- 1α is an important transcription factor that can regulate tumor cell to accommodate the microenvironment of hypoxia.Studies have shown that HIF -1α closely relate to higher tumor micro-vessel density,lower histological grade and poorer clinical prognosis.GLUT-1 is a target gene downstream of HIF-1α,it mediates glucose transporter in the cell membrane on both sides,it plays an important role in regulating energy metabolism and promoting angiogenesis in tumor cells.This review focuses on the relationship about over-expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 in nasopharyngeal with occurrence,development and resistance to radiation and poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Mitofusin-2(Mfn2)is a novel suppressor of cell proliferation,which could promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of tumor cells.In this paper,we review the biological characteristics of Mfn2 and its relationship with malignant tumors,and further to provide a new reference index for clinical treatment of cancer.

Arginase is a key enzyme of ammonia metabolism in human,which takes part in many important physiological processes and plays a crucial role in the development of cancer.In recent years,the relationship between arginase and tumor has become a hot research.It has been proved that arginase has a special guiding significance in diagnosis and treatment of the colorectal cancer.This passage will give a brief review about arginase in the current research progress and its research status in the colorectal cancer.

Multiple primary gastrointestinal tract cancer is the most common multiple primary cancer in China.Contrasted with single cancer,missed and misdiagnosis of multiple primary cancers may affect the choice of surgical approach,treatment effect and prognosis directly.Multiple primary upper gastrointestinal tract cancers(MPUGICs)as multiple cancers occur in the same organ or in different organs of upper gastrointestinal tract.The detection of MPUGICs is various from reports in China.This article reviews recent literatures on diagnose,pathogenesis,clinical feature,therapy and prognosis of MPUGICs in order to improve clinician′s awareness of multiple primary upper gastrointestinal tract cancers.

In recent years,with the ongoing cervical cancer screening,the incidence is declining,but the detection rate of cervical precancerous lesions is increasing every year and showing a trend of younger.It is a topic of concern that how to effectively diagnose and treat cervical lesions for general gynecologist.The approachs for patients with abnormal cervical cytology have been undergoing simple cold knife conization,cryosurgery,electrocautery,laser ablation removal,the Bohm treatment,and loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP).With the recognizing by the majority of scholars and clinicians on effect of LEEP treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-like lesions(CIN),its technology proliferates and the treatment is also being perfect.However,with the in-depth study of this technology,different view points about LEEP surgery in cervical cancer precancerous lesion diagnosis and treatment aspects increase prominently.This article will focus on controversial pregnancy outcome after recurrence of high-risk factors.

With Specific structure and function,the expression of Annexin A7 are closely linked with cell secretion of active substance and the regulation of calcium homeostasis,signaling pathways.In recent years,studies have found that Annexin A7 abnormal expression has been associated with tumorigenesis and malignant progression.These tumors includ liver cancer,prostate cancer,stomach cancer,pheochromocytoma and malignant glioma,which is related with annexin A7 genome instability,and a variety of abnormal regulation of signaling pathways activated some oncogenes or involving tumor-suppressor gene,apoptosis related gene and so on.

Platelet-derived growth factor and its receptor have been found to play an important role in cancer initiation,angiogenesis,apoptosis as well as inhibition of tumor stromal pressure.Recently,their inhibitors have specific effects on gastric cancer,which can inhibit angiogenesis,enhance therapeutic effect and reduce tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer.In the present paper,we made a review of its inhibitors in treatment of gastric cancer.