Objective We aim to investigate the effects of CAFs on proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion of human gastric adenocarcinoma.CAFs can be as a novel target for the treatment of gastric cancer.Methods (1)The crosstalk between the two types of fibroblasts and the gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 was evaluated using an in vitro indirectly co-culture model.Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry.(2)The interaction model between primary gastric NFs/CAFs and gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 was established by transwell chamber to observe the effect of migration and invasion in MGC-803.Results (1)We found that CAFs expressed higher levels of Vimentin and fibroblast activation protein(FAP)than did NFs.(2)CAFs may promoted proliferation,migration(4.08-fold)and invasion(5.12-fold)to a greater extent than did NFs in MGC-803(P＜0.05),but inhibited the apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line MGC-803(P＜0.05).Conclusion Taken together,these findings indicate that CAFs may play a vital role in gastric cancer growth,migration and invasion.Targeting CAFs as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer is an intriguing concept that warrants further study.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of hCLP46 mRNA in breast cancer.Method The expression level of hCLP46 mRNA was detected with real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 48 breast cancer and non-cancerous matched tissues.Results The level of hCLP46 expression in the cancer tissues was much higher than in the corresponding adjacent tissues(t=2.368,P＜0.05).The level of hCLP46 expression in cancer tissues was only correlated with lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).Conclusions hCLP46 is overexpressed in breast cancer,and its expression is positively correlated with lymph node metastasis,suggesting a new strategy for targeted therapy of breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the value of detection of serum Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)VCA-IgA by ELISA technique for early diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma.Methods Serum EBV VCA-IgA was detected by ELISA technique in 48 laryngeal carcinoma patients and 48 healthy adults.Results The positive rates of serum EBV VCA-IgA were 68.75% of laryngeal carcinoma patients and 2.08% of healthy adults,respectively.The positive rate of serum EBV VCA-IgA in 29 patients without neck lymph node metastasis was not significantly different from that in 19 patients with neck lymph node metastasis.There was also no significant difference of positive rate of serum EBV VCA-IgA between 26 early stage patients(stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ)and 22 advanced stage patients(stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ).Conclusion The detection of serum EBV VCA-IgA by ELISA technique could be used as early diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma,but not as an prognosis indicator.

Objective The F-box protein S-phase kinase-associated protein 2(Skp2)is one of the positive regulators of the cell cycle that promotes ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of some cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.In this study,we investigated the mechanism of apoptosis induced by down-regulation Skp2 expression using siRNA in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines.Methods We downregulated Skp2 in MCF-7 cells using siRNA(small interfering RNA).After 48h,cells were treated with epirubicin.TUNEL assay and Hoechst33258 stain were used to detected apoptosis.We also investigated the mechanism of apoptosis by detecting the expression of some factors associated with cell cycle using Western blot analysis.Results Knockdown of Skp2 by RNAi increased cellular apoptosis in vitro.Down regulation of Skp2 increased the level of p27,p21 and CyclinE protein.Epirubicin also decreased Skp2 protein levels in MCF-7 cells.Treatment with Skp2 siRNA followed by treatment with epirubicin not only increased apoptosis synergistically,but also activated p53 in MCF-7 cells.Conclusion In vitro,Skp2 siRNA induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells.p27,p21 and CyclinE regulated apoptosis by downregulation of Skp2 in breast cancer cells.Skp2 RNAi sensitized MCF-7 cells to apoptosis induced by epirubicin potentially through p53-dependent way.Skp2 could be a therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Objective To study the expression of CD105 in supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate the clinical significance of microvessel density(IMVD).Method Pathologic paraffin-embedded sections and clinical data from 40 patients with primary squmamous cell carcinoma of larynx and 20 normal mucosae were studied through immunohistochemistry.Microvessel density(IMVD)highlighted by CD105 were counted.Result CD105 expression in tumour tissue was significantly higher than normal health mucosa(P＜0.01);the mean IMVD value of tumours with metastasis was markedly higher than tumours with nometastasis(P＜0.01);IMVD increased along with elevated clinical stages(P＜0.05);but there was no correlation between IMVD and tumor differentiation(P＞0.05).Conclusion CD105 is a marker of tumour angiogenesis and an independent indicator for predicting invasion and metastasis of supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate how the safflower polysaccharides(SPS)regulate the apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Methods We used MTT colorimetric method to observe the proliferation of human gastric cancer cell(SGC-790)in vitro and used flow cytometry(FCM)to analysis the apoptosis of the SGC-790 Cell.The expression of the protein kinase B(Akt)was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot,respectirely.Results SPS strongly inhibited gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 to proliferate,and this inhibition relied on time and dosage conspicuously.Analyzed with flow cytometry,SGC-7901 cell treated with SPS for 24 hours showed increased percentage of early time apoptosis,cell necrosis and late time apoptosis,and took on dose dependence.Detected by real-time PCR and Western blot,expression of gene and protein of BCL-2 and Akt decreased and that of gene and protein of BAX increased in the cells treated with SPS.Conclusion SPS can inhibit human gastric carcinoma cell to proliferate,and this inhibition has time and dose dependence.SPS can cut down the expression of gene and protein of Akt.SPS restrain Akt pathways which may play antitumor function.

Objective To evaluate the expression and correlation of Rab5A and CD44v9 in breast cancer tissues.Methods The expression of Rab5A and CD44v9 in 53 cases of breast cancer tissues and 21 cases of benign breast disease tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry S-P method.Results The expressions of Rab5A and CD44v9 were obviously stronger in breast cancer tissues than that in benign breast disease tissues(P＜0.05);the expression of Rab5A and CD44v9 were obviously stronger in lymph node-positive cases than that in negative cases(P＜0.05),and were correlated with lymph-node status.With the two proteins expressed at higher levels,the probability of node-positive cases was enhanced(P＜0.05).Moreover,the expressions of the two proteins were positive correlation to TNM stage(P＜0.05).In addition,the expressions of the two proteins were positive correlation to each other,the higher levels of either protein was expressed at the higher levels of the other(P＜0.05).Conclusions Rab5A and CD44v9 proteins may play a synergetic role in breast cancer genesis,growth,invasion and metastasis.It is indicated that the united detection of the two proteins may offer important clinical significance for breast cancer early diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Ezrin and HIF-1 and their effect in gastric cancer for probing into their effect in gastric vascular formation.Methods The expression of Ezrin Protein,HIF-1α and microvessel density(MVD)were detected with immunohistochemistry in 60 samples of gastric cancer and 20 samples of para-carcinoma tissue.Results HIF-1α was found in 76.7% gastric cancer(46/ 60).Ezrin Protein was found in 73.3 % gastric cancer(44/ 60).The average MVD counts for 21.15±7.61.There was relationship between Ezrin Protein and HIF-1α(r=0.380,P=0.003 and ＜0.05).The expression of Ezrin Protein was closely correlated with the histological differentiation,lymph node metastasis and prognosis(P＜0.05).The expression of HIF-1α was closely correlated with histological differentiation grade,tumor depth,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage of gastric cancer and prognosis(P＜0.05).Ezrin and HIF-1α in positive MVD values were significantly higher than those of the negative group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ezrin and HIF-1α may be used for gastric cancer with malignant degree and prognosis indicator assessment.Ezrin and HIF-1α can promote angiogenesis of gastric carcinoma,and it may be involved in the progression of gastric cancer.

Objective To identify novel tumor associated antigens(TAA)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods The proteins extracted from tissues of ESCC were separated by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,and followed by Western blot analysis in which sera from 20 patients with ESCC and 20 healthy controls were tested for primary antibodies.Positive spots were excised from Coomassie blue-stained gels and the tryptic peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser disorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS).The expression of the candidate TAA in ESCC tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining(IHC).Results Sera from patients with ESCC yielded multiple spots,one of which was identified as heat shock 70kDa protein 8(HSC70 or HSPA8)by MALDI-TOF-MS.The immunohistochemistry analysis showed that HSC70 was located in both cytoplasm and nucleus,and had a higher expression in cancer tissues than paracarcinoma normal tissue.Conclusion The combination of immunoblot and mass spectrometry may identify some novel TAAs.These results suggested that HSC70 may play a role in tumorigenesis of ESCC,and may be a key diagnostic and therapeutic target.

Objective To study Snail expression in epithelial-to-myofibroblast transition(EMT)of MGC-803 cells induced by TGF-β1.Methods MGC-803 cells were cultured in vitro.We observed cell morphological changes of MGC-803 cells at different times(0h,3h,6h,24h,48h,72h)after exposed to TGF-β1 from inverted microscope.Western blot method was employed to detect Snail,E-cadherin and Vimentin protein expressions.The transwell assay was used to observe the cell invasive ability.Result After being exposed to TGF-β1 for different times,the morphology of MGC-803 cells was changed,and pseudopodia of different levels was increased.2.Snail expression was increased from 0h to 6h(the highest at 6h).E-cadherin expression was gradually increased from 0h to 6h(the highest at 6h).Vimentin expression was also gradually increased (the lowest at 6h and the highest at 72h).Conclusion Snail proteins play an important role in the process of TGF-β1 induced EMT in MGC-803 cells,which may induce vimentin protein transcriptional expression.

Objective To evaluate spiral CT scan of advanced gastric cancer and determine the value of invasive depth.Methods We collected the CT image data in our hospital,and confirmed for 63 advanced gastric cancer patients by pathology department.We further analyzed the coincidence rate between T stage and pathological stage.Results CT preoperative T stage for accuracy rate was 77.78%.The accuracy rate for CT-T₁ stage was 40%.The accuracy rate for CT-T₂ stage was 83.33%.The accuracy rate for CT-T₃ stage was 76%.The accuracy rate for CT-T₄ stage was 88%.Conclusions Spiral CT scan could accurately judge the local invasive depth and guide preoperative stage and clinical treatment options in gastric cancer patients.

Biomarkers of bone turnover is a new method of evaluation and monitoring in bone metastases.The biomarkers in blood and urine may allow us to better understand the process of bone destruction and the interaction between skeletal and tumor.The aim of our article is to explore the potential clinical value by reviewing commonly used biomarkers of bone metastases in treatment and monitoring.

Carboxypeptidase E(CPE)is a key carboxypeptidase,and it is involved in the biosynthesis of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters.CPE as a prohormone processing enzyme expressed in different cancer types was analyzed the data in the GEO profile database.Elevated CPE mRNA expression was found in neuroendocrine tumors in lung and pituitary adenomas.Microarray studies demonstrated that significantly elevated levels of CPE mRNA was found in many metastatic non-endocrine cancers(colon rectal,renal cancers and Ewing sarcomas),whereas expression of CPE mRNA was absent in their respective counterpart normal tissues.Not only wild-type CPE was expressed in tumors,but a variant was correlated with tumor behavior.In very large or invasive tumors,the copy numbers of the variant of CPE mRNA were very high.On the whole,CPE may play an important role in promoting tumor growth,invasion and metastasis.CPE could be used potentially as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for metastasis in different cancer types.

Summarizes the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of gastric cancer:reversion of the pathological changes before gastric carcinoma,inducing the differentiation of neoplasm cell,regulation of signaling pathways,induction of apoptosis,inhibition of telomerase activity in tumor cells,anti-angiogenesis,reversal of multidrug resistance and regwlating immune function.These anti-tumor mechanisms are reviewed in this paper.

Breast cancer is a common malignancy in women.It′s high degree of heterogeneity of breast cancer patients resulted in clinical manifestations.Morphology and molecular biology were shown to express a clear inconsistency.The diagnosis and treatment has led to great difficulties.The cancer stem cells have two propertise:the capacity to self-renewal and the capacity to produce heterogeneity,and it have close correlation with tumor progression,drug resistance,recurrence and metastasis.In this review,we highlight the progress of breast cancer stem cells.

Adoptive cell therapy is the best treatment for patients with residual tumor cells after surgery,radiotherapy or chemotherapy,It is to culture immune cells in vitro for expansion and to reinfuse into the patient to fight against and destruct cancer by enhancing the patient's immunity.However,the phenomenon of regulatory T cells(Tregs)was increased in peripheral blood,and tumor micro-environment of cancer patients is prevalence.These cells not only suppress the innate immunity,but also suppress the effect of adoptive cell therapy,which result in no greatest anti-tumor effect.By further understanding of Tregs,people have developed a variety of treatment strategies to eliminate Tregs.

Nano therapy is a new treatment method for tumor.It is a nanoparticle as the carrier,carrying chemotherapy drugs,cytokines or antibody targeting therapy for tumor cells.It can improve the therapeutic effect and decrease the side effects.The research advancement of nano therapy for tumor in recent years will be summarized in this article.

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a hematological malignancy.The treatment of multiple myeloma has undergone significant developments in recent years.The availability of the novel agents induding thalidomide,bortezomib,and lenalidomide has expanded treatment options and improved the outcome of patients with MM.A number of phase III trials have demonstrated the efficacy of novel agent combinations in the transplant and nontransplant settings.Based on these results,standard induction regimens are being challenged and replaced.In the transplant setting,a number of newer induction regimens are now available.It has been shown to be superior to the vincristine,doxorubicin,and dexamethasone(VAD)regimen.Similarly,in the front-line treatment of patients not eligible for transplantation,regimens incorporating novel agents have been found to be superior to the traditional melphalan plus prednisone(MP)regimen.The advance of therapy of multiple myeloma based on the combination of the novel agents treatment strategies are reviewed.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)is one of the main strategies for patients with locally advanced breast cancer.Clinical and pathologic response rates are equivalent used for evaluating therapeutic effect.The expression of Ki-67 protein is associated with cell proliferation.It has been widely used in the diagnosis and prognosis of various tumors.A number of clinical data indicate that Ki-67 demonstrated a potential value in determining the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.The role of Ki-67 on neoadjurant chemotherapy and its clinical significance is reviewed.