Objective To study the inhibition effect and mechanism of As₄S₄(Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide)on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells′ proliferation and cell apoptosis.Methods SKOV3 cell lines were treated with different concentration of As₄S₄,MTT method was used to examine the inhibition of SKOV3 cells by As₄S₄.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe morphologic change of apoptosis and flow cytometry(FCM)assay was performed to measure change of cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle.RT-PCR method and Westernblot was used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.Results SKOV3 cell proliferation was inhibited dependenting on time and concentration(P＜ 0.01).Flow cytometry(FCM)assay indicated that As₄S₄ could induce the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells,where cells in G₀/G₁ stage reduced,while cells in S stage increased.The expression of Bcl-2 was reduced,while the expression of Bax was increased.Conclusion As₄S₄ is effective to inhibit the proliferation of SKOV3 cells,and the mechanism might be relevant to induction of cell apoptosis and regulating the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax.

Objective To observe the growth inhibitory effect of oxaliplatin(L-OHP)and(7-hydroxystaurosporine,UCN-01)on HCT116 colon cancer cell line in single or combination treatment,and to investigate its mechanisms.Method The growth inhibitory effect was evaluated by MTT assay in single agent or combination treatment.Apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry and Western blotting,and mitotic catastrophy was determined by HE staining.Results Combination treatment of L-OHP in low concentration and UCN-01 has synergistic effect on killing HCT116 colon cancer cell line,which was more effective than single treatment.AnnerxinV positive cell rate showed no difference between combination treatment and UCN-01 alone.Cellular morphology of HCT116 cell was changed in combination treatment,and megakaryocytes and polykaryocytes in combination treatment were increased by approximately 10% compared with the single treatment.Conclusion Combinition treatment of L-OHP and UCN-01 has synergistic inhibitory effect on HCT116 cell proliferation through inducing cell apoptosis and mitotic catastrophy.

Objective To investigate the interaction between polymorphism in TOX3 gene and environment factors in sporadic breast cancer.Methods The TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)assay was carried out to detect the dimorphism at the rs3803662 and rs9302556 SNP loci.The risk of sporadic breast cancer with 95%CI was estimated by unconditional logistic regression.The interaction of gene-gene,gene-environment and interaction coefficient was evaluated by unconditional logistic regression.The best interaction model was built by MDR.Results The strong positive interaction was observed between variant genotype of rs3803662 and rs9302556,and between variant genotype of TOX3 and environment factors,such as rs3803662,benign breast disease,oral contraceptives≥1 year and so on.There were a significant dose-response relationship of interaction effects between variant genotype of TOX3 and menstruation years and BMI(P＜0.05).The variant genotypes of rs3803662,rs9302556,benign breast disease,oral contraceptives and other 7 factors were contained in the best interaction model.Conclusion The interaction effects between variant genotype of rs3803662 and rs9302556 loci in TOX3 gene and environment factors play an important role in increased risk of breast cancer.

Objective According to different technology,to evaluate of the quality of survival liver cancer patients with radiation.Methods From March 2009 to July 2010,22 patents from two independent prospective studies were included in the analysis.12 patients were treated by three dimensional conformal radiotherapy ,and 10 patients by Image Guided Radiation Therapy.CBCT images were got with Elekta CBCT+ABC system before treatment and registered with plan CT images according the margins of tumor target.The results were recorded before CBCT.After treatment,we got CBCT images and do the registration,got CBCT.The results were analyzed with SPSS.Results According to Stroom formula ,when without correcting of dose ,the margins of CTV-PTV with IGRT were X=0.3cm、Y=0.4cm and Z=0.2cm respectively;The margins of CTV-PTV without IGRT were X=0.8cm、Y=0.9cm and Z=0.9cm respectively.The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 58.3%,16.7% and 70% ,20%,respectirely.The respective median survivals were 12 months and 16 months.Conclusions With the IGRT,the margin of CTV-PTV was diminished by 5mm.As the soft organ,the whole liver has different passion during the organ moving.Just using the margin of liver as the registration point,moving in the organ is inestimable,and there will be uncertain in image registration.IGRT is safe and effective for liver cancer patients.The short-term effect is satisfactory.

Objective There are many factors associated with the prognosis of the patients with low grade gliomas(LGG).In some cases,the prognosis of the patients with low grade glioma differ completely,althrough using the same treatment.Some of the patients with LGG soon reccured after operation,following by malignant development.The prognosis of these patients was very poor.This stduy was to detect the changes and significance of VEGF and EGFR expression in the patients with recurrent and malignant development of low grade glioma.Methods The expressions of VEGF and EGFR in 24 pairs of cases with primary LGG as well as recurrent and malignant development were examined by using immunohistochemical SP method.The different expressions of VEGF and EGFR in the patients with LGG as well as recurrent and malignant development were analyzed.Results The expressions of VEGF and EGFR in the patients with recurrent and malignant development were significantly increased,compared with the patients with primary LGG(P＜0.05).Conclusions The expressions of VEGF and EGFR played an important role in the patients with recurrent and malignant development of low grade gliomas.The expressions of VEGF and EGFR may be used as an indicator of poor prognosis for the patients with low grade glioma.It also provided a theroic basis of target therapy for the patients with glioma.

Objective To study the observation in electronic dermatoscope on the Malignant Melanoma(MM)and significance of its clinical diagnosis.Methods After observing 50 MM lesions,we handled and then stored their pictures.All cases were determined in histopathology.Collating the internal and external information of correlation,we described and summed up the observation in dermatoscope on the MM.Results The diagnostic accordance rate of MM in dermatoscope and clinical evaluation is 84%and 56(P＜0.05),respectively.Whereas,there is no statistical significance between dermoscopy and pathology.Conclusion Electronic dermatoscope plays an important role in diagnosing and differential diagnosing of the MM,especially in the early stage of MM.

Objective To investigate the expression of circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer and its relatonship with CEA,CA153 and CA125.Methods The Cell Search system was used to detect the expressions of CTCs before new line therapy,meanwhile the electrochemiluminescence was used to detect the expression of CEA,C153 and CA125 in 93 patients with metastatic breast cancer.Results 60%(56/93)metastatic breast cancer patients with ≥1 CTC/7.5mL at baseline.The CTC positivity was not correlated with hormone receptor status,Her-2 status,lines of previous treatment and visceral metastasis.The CEA positivity was 56%(52/93).It was associated with ER or PR-positive(χ²=4.550,P=0.045),and was not correlated with Her-2 status,lines of previous treatment and visceral metastasis.CA153 positivity was 47%(44/93).It was not correlated with hormone receptor status,Her-2 status,lines of previous treatment and visceral metastasis.CA125 positivity was 41%(38/93),and it was associated with over one-line previous treatment(χ²=4.501,P=0.038),However,CA125 positivity was not correlated with hormone receptor status,Her-2′s status and visceral metastasis.The CTC was positively correlated with CEA(r=0.296,P=0.004).It was positively correlated with CA153(r=0.286,P=0.005),and not correlated with CA125(r=0.184,P=0.077).Conclusion The circulating tumor cells(CTCs)positivity was high in patients with metastatic breast cancer,but also its positivity has correlation with CEA and CA153.Our study indicated that detection of circulating tumor cells combination with CEA and CA153 in metastatic breast cancer may be helpful for therapy,meanwhile the CTC may become a potential therapy target for metastatic breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition(enteral nutrition,EN)supported in postoperative pancreatic cancer patients of pancreaticoduedenectomy.Methods 40 postoperative patients were randomly divided into two groups that accepted enteral or parenteral nutritional(parenteral nutrition,PN)support respectively.The nutrition index,inflammatory reaction and complications of the groups were compared and analyzed.Results EN and PN were able to improve the patients′general nutrition conditions almost equally.EN support had better effects than PN in stimulating gut motion,saving economic consumption,depressing inflammatory factors and decreasing complications.The statistical difference of two methods was significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion EN support could decrease complication and have a favorable effect on the recovery of postoperative pancreatic cancer patients of pancreaticoduedenectomy.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of thermotherapy plus intracavitary chemotherapy treating MPE in different lung cancer patients,as well as the toxic and adverse reaction and the influence on Karnofsky performance status.Methods Totally 53 advanced lung cancer patients with MPE were divided into two groups according to pathology,namely adenocarcinoma group and SQCA group.After puncture and drainage of thoracic cavity,intracavitary chemotherapy was subsequently performed by intracavitary administration of Bleomycin and Mannatide once a week.At the same time,thermotherapy was followed twice or thrice a week.After a two-week treatment all patients were given best supporting therapy,and then hydrothorax,Karnofsky performance status and toxic and adverse reactions were monitored.Results There was no significant difference in the recent response rates(64.0% of SQCA group vs.82.1% of adenocarcinoma group,P=0.212),Karnofsky grade improvements and side-effects occurrences between two groups.However,adenocarcinoma group had a longer effective control time than SQCA group with 58.1±11.9d vs 45.8±11.5d,respectively(P=0.003).Conclusion Thermotherapy plus intracavitary chemotherapy can effectively control MPE in advanced lung cancer patients.Among the cases,adenocarcinoma patients may get a longer valid-control-time than SQCA patients.Furthermore,it showed that this group may achieve a better improvement in the Karnofsky performance status.So,pathology is still guidance in the treatment options in the individual-therapy era.

Objective To investigate Color Doppler flow imaging and Real-time Gray-scale Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast tumor.Method We used Color Doppler flow imaging and Real-time Gray-scale Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the diagnosis of 72 breast tumor before operation.We compared with pathology result,the characteristic of Color Doppler flow imaging and Real-time Gray-scale Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in benign tumor and malignant tumor.Then,we compared sensibility,specificity and coincidence.Result 1.Breast tumor has different characteristic of Color Doppler flow imaging and Contrast enhanced Ultrasound.0~Ⅰgrade blood flow and RI＜0.7 was found in most benign tumor.Ⅱ~Ⅲ grade blood flow and RI≥0.7 was found in most malignant tumor.Most benign tumor was enhanced by equal.Even most malignant tumor was enhanced by high and uneven.2.Sensibility of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound is 100%,obviously higher than that of Color Doppler flow imaging(79.2%).3.Sensibility,specificity and coincidence of Color Doppler flow imaging is 71.4%,80.0% and 75.0% with Kappa value 0.50,which were 76.2%,70.0% and 73.6%,respectirely referring Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound with Kappa value 0.46).Conclusion Real-time Gray-scale Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound has more specificity in blood flow of tumor,but its differential diagnosis capability doesn′t surpass Color Doppler flow imaging.

Objective To analyze the outcome and influencing factors of radiotherapy in elderly esophageal cancer patients.Methods Seventy patients over 70 years with esophageal cancer were treated mainly by radiotherapy from January 2001 to December 2007.recent effect,the 1、2、3 year survival rate and it′s influencing factors,toxic side effects were analyzed retrospectively.Results After radiotherapy for 70 patients with esophageal cancer,the total effect rate was 88.5%(62/70).The 1、2、3 year survival rate and disease free survival is 62.28% and 10.80%、27.51% and 7.20%、13.89% and 3.40%,respectively.Using univariate and multivariate analysis,focal length and whether there is metastasis were significantly associated with the survival rate.Conclusion Radiotherapy for elderly patients with esophageal cancer had significant effect and well tolerated;focal length and whether there is metastasis were the main survival-related prognostic factors.

Objective To investigate different dose of TP regimen of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer efficacy and toxicity.Methods 53 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer patients were divided into three groups:High doses of paclitaxel plus cisplatin in combination with radiotherapy group(hereinafter referred to as the high dose group:the DDP 100mg/m² d1;PTX175mg/m²,d1)18 cases;Low doses of paclitaxel plus cisplatin combination with radiotherapy group(hereinafter referred to as Low doses Group:DDP 20mg/m² d1-5;of PTX 20mg/m² d1,3,5)16 cases;19 cases of the radiotherapy alone group.Chemotherapy 21 days for a cycle;Radiotherapy using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,conventional fractionation,total dose 60Gy/6W.Results The high-dose group,low-ose group,radiotherapy group,complete remission(CR)rate,response rate(CR + PR)and 1-year survival rates were 58.8%,81.3%,26.3%;88.2%,93.8%,57.9 % and 94.1%,100%,73.7%,respectirely.Three groups,high and low dose group,CR rate,CR + PR rate than radiotherapy alone group were significantly different(P＜0.05);low-dose group and radiotherapy group in the 1-year survival difference was statistically significant,P＜0.05.The toxicity of high-dose group in the bone marrow suppression,gastrointestinal reactions,hair loss,the lower dose group and radiotherapy group difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Small doses of TP chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy and the treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer hare better efficacy,and its toxicity can be tolerated.

Objective We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT)for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)after first incomplete transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods Between January 2008 and January 2010,50 patients with unresectable HCC with incomplete uptake of iodized oil were randomly divided into two groups.TACE group(25 patients)was performed 2~3 cycles by using Lipiodol and adriamycin embolization according to disease.TACE +3D-CRT group(25 patients)was added three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.Tumor response was evaluated by changes in tumor size on serial computed tomography scans,and toxicity was evaluated by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0.Results The average diameter of tumor before and after treatment were(8.37± 9.15)cm and(4.22 ± 5.66)cm in TACE group,respectively.The tumor diameter before and after treatment were(8.65± 6.89)cm and(3.86 ± 4.32)cm in TACE +3D-CRT group,respectively.There was significant decrease in tumor size in both TACE group(P＜0.05)and TACE +3D-CRT group B(P＜0.05).There was no significant differences between the two groups in tumor response(P＞0.05).An Objective response was achieved in 13 of 25 lesions(52.0%),with a complete response in 4 lesions(16.0%)and partial response in 9 lesions(36.0%).The overall survival rate was 64.0% at 1 year.There was no grade III or greater acute toxicity.Conclusion This study shows that the application of 3D-CRT could be more considered for patients with incomplete uptake of iodized oil than single TACE.

Objective To compare the difference of dosimetric results in IMRT plans with 5-field for thoracic middle esophageal carcinoma.Methods Eight patients with thoracic middle esophageal carcinoma were involved in this study.Three IMRT plans with 5-field were designed for each patient.Plan IMRT1 included one anterior oblique field of patient left and two pairs of parallel-opposed fields.One pair of parallel-opposed fields were antero-posterior and postero-anterior(AP-PA).Another pair of f parallel-opposed fields were anterior oblique of patient right and posterior oblique of patient left which required to avoid the spinal cord.The fields of plan IMRT2 were equispaced,including 0°,72°,144°,216°and 288°.The fields of plan IMRT3 were optimized,including 0°,50°,150°,210°and 310°.Evaluation parameters included:mean dose(Dmean),homogeneity index(HI)and conformity index(CI)of PTV;V5,V10,V20 and V30 of total lung;V30,V40 and Dmean of heart;Dmax to the spinal cord.The aim of IMRT was follows:prescribed dose of 6000cGy/30Fx to 95% of PTV and 100% GTV.V20 of total lung ≤28%.The doses of heart were not limited.Dmax to the spinal cord were between 4200cGy~4300cGy.Results Significant differences of Dmean,HI and CI of PTV were obtained among the three plans(P＜0.05).All of the three evaluation parameters values in plan IMRT2 were higher than plan IMRT3.Plan IMRT3 were higher than plan IMRT1.But there were no significant difference of HI values between plan IMRT3 and plan IMRT2(P＞0.05).Significant differences of V5 and V30 of total lung were obtained among the three plans(P＜0.05).V5 values in plan IMRT2 were higher than plan IMRT1,and plan IMRT1 were higher than plan IMRT3.But there were no significant difference of V5 values between plan IMRT1 and plan IMRT3(P＞0.05).Among the three plans,V30 values in plan IMRT2 were the lowest one;plan IMRT1 were the second one,and plan IMRT3 were the highest one.There were significant difference of V30 values in plan IMRT2 and plan IMRT3(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences of V10,V20 and Dmean of total lung,cord Dmax.V30,V40 and Dmean of heart were among the three plans(P＞0.05).Conclusions Plan IMRT3 with angle optimized radiation fields improved CI of PTV,compared to IMRT1 in which parallel-opposed radiation fields were adopted.Plan IMRT3 had the advantage in reducing V5 of total lung and Dmean of PTV,compared to plan IMRT2 in which equispaced radiation fields were adopted.

Objective To explore the efficacy and side effect of target controlled infusion(TCI)of etomidate in benign breast tumors operation.Methods Sixty patients undergoing benign breast tumors operation were randomly divided into two groups(n=30):etomidate group(group E),etomidate were given by TCI targeting effect-site(0.3μg/mL);propofol group(group P),propofol were given by TCI targeting effect-site(3μg/mL).The two groups were all given midazolam 2~3mg,sufentanyl by TCI targeting effect-site(0.1ng/mL).The HR,ECG,SpO₂ and MAP in two groups were continuously monitored during the study.Respiratory depression,myoclonus,post operation nausea and vomiting were recorded.Results Compared with group P,group E had more stabilized hemodynamics(P＜0.05),lower respiratory depression incidence(P＜0.05)and higher sedation degree(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in myoclonus between them,but the Group E has higner incidence than group P in post operation nausea and vomiting.Conclusion Both etomidate and propofol given by target controlled infusion can be safely used in benign breast tumors,but the etomidated group had more stabilized hemodynamics and lower respiratory depression incidence than propofol group.Besides,group E had higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Objective To observe the clinical effect,quality of life and side effect of Yangzhengheji combined with chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC.Methods 140 patients diagnosed advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into control group and observation group.Chemotherapy was given to control group.Yangzhengheji combined with chemotherapy was given to observation group.Efficacy,quality of life(Kanofsky inder)and side effect were compared after 2 courses of treatment.Results Yangzhengheji could significantly improve patient quality of life,and reduce of chemotherapy toxicity.Conclusion Yangzhengheji combined with chemotherapy can improve quality of life and reduce side effect of advanced NSCLC.

Since 1970s,a Chinese study group at Harbin Medical University First Hospital began to use arsenic trioxide(As₂O₃) treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) and achieved good results.Anticancer effect of As₂O₃ has become a research hotspot.In recent years,a growing number of studies demonstrate that glutathione(GSH) plays a central role in the delicate balance in determining sensitivity towards apoptosis or resistance of tumor cells.Cancer cells sensitive to As₂O₃ may contain less GSH than resistant cancer cells,and ascorbic acid(AA) can reduce the level of intracellular GSH.To improve anticancer effect of As₂O₃ and reduce its application dose,some scholars have proposed a new type of treatment program that As₂O₃ combination with AA for cancer treatment.In some basic experimental and clinical cancer research,As₂O₃ combination with AA has achieved some success.In light of this dosage regimen for the different tumors in the latest research progress,we conducted a review in this paper,which may be helpful for further exploring more reasonable chemotherapy regimens.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide.Treatments for gastric cancer include surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,target therapy and combined therapy.This review is the progression of the treatment for gastric cancer.

The tumor accurate radiotherapy has come true with the development of imaging and radiation therapy technology.The position of PET/CT in cancer diagnosis and treatment has been established.It play an important role in target region and lead us from the tumor tissue structure target area to "biological target area".This article is reviewed the using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in accurate radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer.

Because positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT)plays an important role in diagnosis、clinical staging and optimal treatment of cervical cancer,this leads people to think its value of the prognosis for patients with cervical cancer,especially the value of maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax)in the prognosis for patients with cervical cancer.Some studies demonstrate that a high pretreatment glucose analog F-¹⁸fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)uptakes in the primary tumor or lymph node metastasis at diagnosis.As measured by the SUVmax,it is correlated with a lower survival and higher recurrence rate in patients with cervical cancer.The use of PET with FDG to assess post-therapy glucose metabolism in the primary tumor could predict the prognosis for patients with cervical cancer;a complete metabolic response on PET is predictive of a good survival outcome;a partial metabolic response or progressive disease is predictive of a poor survival outcome.

MPLC is an uncommon entity.As regard to multiple primary lung cancers,the problems relating to diagnostic criteria,epidemic factors,distinguishing between multiple primary lung cancers and intrapulmonary metastasis,treatment options and longterm survival are still the subject of debate.Due to the advanced diagnostic technique and better understanding for multiple primary lung cancers(MPLC),the increasing incidence of MPLC has been reported.We tried to further understand MPLC by reviewing the current status and the latest advancement of molecular markers related to MPLC.

Overall survival rates of patients with lung cancer five years were less than 15%,but stage I lung cancer 5 years survival can achieve 80% above.As early as possible the diagnosis of lung cancer is clear,striving for lung cancer early treatment can improve survival rates of patients with lung cancer and reduce mortality.At the same time the lung cancer diagnosis method are many,only a reasonable use of diagnosis will be effective.This paper will introduce.