Objective The shRNA library was used to screen the tumor suppressor genes related to lung epithelial cells,and its function of inhibiting malignant transformation in lung cells was preliminarily verified,which provided a theoretical basis and a new therapeutic target for tumor prevention and treatment. Methods The shRNA retrovirus library was constructed by GP2-293 virus packaging cell line to infect the immortalized lung bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells.The transfected epithelial cell clones were screened by soft agar colony formation,and a single transformed cell clone with a diameter greater than 1.0 mm was selected.The inserted shRNA fragment was amplified by PCR,and the target candidate gene corresponding to shRNA was determined by the conventional DNA sequencing and blast alignment.A candidate tumor suppressor gene INPP4B was verified by soft agar cloning and tumor formation in nude mice.MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Results Six lung epithelial malignant transformation inhibitory factors were screened by soft agar colony formation.The candidate INPP4B gene was selected for functional experiments.Silencing INPP4B gene in BEAS-2B cells promoted the formation of clones in the soft agar plates,and the cell proliferation rate was accelerated.The silencing cell line showed the enhanced tumorigenicity in nude mice,indicating that INPP4B was involved in tumor formation. Conclusion shRNA library and soft agar colony formation assays are a powerful tool for screening tumor suppressor genes,and INPP4B is a malignant transformation inhibitor of lung epithelial cells.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TSP-1 gene on angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma and its mechanism of action. Methods MG-63 cells were transfected with constructing pBPLV-shRNA-TSP-1 vector and pBPLV-TSP-1 expression vector.Cell viability was measured by CCK8,and its invasive ability was measured by Transwell assay.The expression of CD36 in intracells was detected by immunofluorescence.The expression levels of TSP-1,CD36,p38MAPK,VEGF,VEGFR-1,EGF and PDGF were detected in MG-63 cells by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results The cell viability and invasion ability were significantly increased after transfected pBPLV-TSP-1 vector compared with the empty vector group(P＜0.05),and significantly decreased after transfected pBPLV-shRNA-TSP-1 vector(P＜0.05).The expression of TSP-1,EGF,P38,PDGF,VEGF and VEGFR-1 at mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased after transfection pBPLV-TSP-1(P＜0.05),and significantly decreased after transfection pBPLV-shRNA-TSP-1 vector(P＜0.05). Conclusion TSP-1 gene can promote the proliferation and invasion of MG-63 cells,and promote the formation of human osteosarcoma,indicating its mechanism related to the increase of growth factors EGF,VEGF,PDGF and activation of P38-MAPK pathway.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms and the concentrations of tamoxifen metabolites in breast cancer patients. Methods Peripheral blood samples from breast cancer patients were collected to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of s16947,rs1065852 and rs28371725 gene sites on CYP2D6 gene from January 2010 to December 2012.Genotypes of the three SNPs of CYP2D6 and the concentrations of tamoxifen metabolites were detected in breast cancer patients.Statistical analysis was performed using an independent sample Kruskal-Wallis test in a nonparametric test. Results There was a statistical difference in the concentrations of tamoxifen metabolites 4-OH-N-D-TAM and 4'OH-N-D-TAM in the blood in different CYP2D6 gene genotype carriers at rs16947 site(P=0.049),indicating that the rs16947 site of CYP2D6 gene affected the metabolism of tamoxifen drug in breast cancer patients. Conclusion The genotype of CYP2D6 gene at rs16947 site is related to the blood concentration of tamoxifen metabolites in breast cancer patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-455-5p in epithelial ovarian cancer and its effect on the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods The miRNA expression data of normal ovarian epithelial tissues and epithelial ovarian cancer tissues GSE83693 were downloaded from the GEO database.Differential expression analysis was used to obtain differential expression data of miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer.The expression of miR-455-5p was analyzed whether there is difference expression between normal ovarian epithelium and epithelial ovary cancer tissues; qRT-PCR was used to verify the differential expression prediction results; bio-informatics software was used to analyze the KEGG pathway enrichment and GO gene function annotation of miR-455-5p target genes,and to explore the disorders of dyregulated miR-455-5p in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. Results A total of 101 cases of differentially expressed miRNAs were screened,34 cases were up-regulated and 67 cases were down-regulated.Among them,miR-455-5p was down-regulated significantly(P＜0.01),and the different fulds were -2.9019.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-455-5p in epithelial ovarian cancer cells(SKOV-3,OVCAR-3 and A2780)was significantly lower than that in normal ovarian epithelial cells(IOSE-80),and the differential expression was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that miR-455-5p regulated target genes mainly involved in five pathways,including TGF-β signaling pathway,Hippo signaling pathway,ECM-receptor interaction,transcriptional dysregulation pathway in cancer,and chronic granule cellular leukemia,which were associated with tumors.GO functional annotation analysis showed that the target genes regulated by miR-455-5p in the above pathway was mainly involved in protein phosphorylation,promoted cell proliferation and migration,inhibited apoptosis,promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition,regulated transcription and regulated cell cycle,etc.,which associated with tumorigenesis. Conclusion The expression of miR-455-5p is down-regulated in epithelial ovarian cancer.The miR-455-5p target genes are involved in the pathogenesis and function of epithelial ovarian cancer,and are associated with the development of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1(Chk1)gene in glioblastoma cells(GBM)and its correlation with GBM cell proliferation,tumorigenic activity and prognosis. Methods The expression of Chk1 in GBM cells was selected and analyzed by TCGA database and brain tumor molecular database(Rembrandt),and the level of Chk1 expression in GBM cells was detected by molecular biology techniques such as Western blot and Real-Time PCR.The expression of Chk1 was silenced by siRNA to investigate its effect on proliferation and colony-forming ability of GBM cells.The prognosis survival of GBM patients accompanying with Chk1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and Rembrandt database. Results The results of TCGA database and Rembrandt showed that Chk1 gene was highly expressed in GBM tissues.Western blot and Real-Time PCR also showed that Chk1 gene was highly expressed in GBM cells.Lentiviral transfection siRNA-specific silencing of Chk1 significantly inhibited proliferation and colony-forming ability of U87 cells(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).Prognostic survival analysis showed that GBM patients with low expression of Chk1 gene had a significantly better clinical outcome than those of GBM patients with high expression of Chk1 gene(P＜0.001). Conclusion Chk1 gene is overexpressed in GBM cells,up-regulation of Chk1 gene expression can promote the growth and proliferation of GBM cells,and Chk1 gene is associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients.

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T(UBE2T)in primary liver cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of patients with liver cancer. Methods The second generation sequencing data and clinical pathological data of UBE2T gene mRNA in normal liver tissues and liver cancer tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The expression of UBE2T in cancer tissues and normal tissues was analyzed to elucidate the relationship between UBE2T at mRNA level and clinicopathological parameters of patients with liver cancer.Kaplan-Meier was used for prognostic analysis.The Cox proportional hazard regression model was performed for the multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors associated with HCC.Based on the results of gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA),UBE2T was involved in the possible regulating pathways of HCC development. Results The expression of UBE2T at mRNA level in hepatocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues(P＜0.01).The high expression of UBE2T was closely related to pathological grade,TNM staging,and vascular invasion(P＜0.01),suggesting a poor prognosis of patients with liver cancer.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that TNM staging,vascular invasion and UBE2T expression were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. Conclusion The high expression of UBE2T is significantly associated with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of patients with liver cancer.It can be used as a potential marker for predicting the prognosis of liver cancer patients and a target for tumor therapy.

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a practical and feasible prevention,and a treatment scheme of cardiovascular toxicity(CVT)induced by chemotherapy in cervical cancer based on known effective measures and to provide scientific guidance and basis for clinical treatment. Methods The risk of pre-chemotherapy CVT and post-chemotherapy CVT were evaluated in 164 subjects from November 2016 to January 2018.The Interrupted time series(ITS)model of CVT incidence before and after intervention was established.The CVT biomarkers and results of clinical examination before and after chemotherapy were compared in selected patieds.The effects of measures were evaluated. Results There was no difference in the ITS model of CVT incidence before and after intervention(P＞0.05).Among echocardiography examination results,the E peak velocity of mitral valve and E/A ratio increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05),LVEF、FS、SV and A peak velocity of mitral valve had no differences(P＞0.05).There were no differences in ECG and double lower extremities arteriovenous ultrasonography results(P＞0.05).The level of sICAM-1,sTM,vWF and h-FABP decreased(P＜0.05),the levels of NO and eNOS increased(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the levels of hs-CRP and E-selectin(P＞0.05). Conclusion The comprehensive prevention and treatment program established in this study can improve the cervical cancer chemotherapy CVT microscopically,and further research should be carried out by expanding the sample size.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate FFDM differential diagnosis between breast mastitis,benign hyperplasia and breast cancer. Methods Fifty-nine cases of non-puerperal breast mastitis,sixty-eight cases of benign hyperplasia and two hundred and forty cases with non-mass type breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively,which were verified by surgery and pathology by contrast with FFDM signs,pathological types,grouped and statistics processed.The observation indexes of lamellar shadow included shape,density and edge.The observation indexes of linear shadow included direction,form and diameter. Results The FFDM signs in three groups of breast diseases were statistically significant(P＜0.05):the form of linear shadow,accompanied by calcifications,the shape of lamellar shadow,the direction of linear shadow,the distribution of lesion,the sharp angle of shadow edge.χ² segmentation show that there were significant differences between three groups(P＜0.0125):the shape of lamellar shadow,the direction of linear shadow. Conclusion There have some values for the diagnosis of breast cancer by rigid form and radial distribution of linear shadow,rigid shape and segmental distribution of lamellar shadow,the polymorphic calcifications and the sharp angle sign.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of complete lung cancer resection on the balance of Th17/Treg cells in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 21 patients with lung cancer before and after operation and 21 healthy controls.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of fork-head/winged helix transcription factor(Foxp3)and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt(RORγt)in PBMC.The plasma levels of interleukin(IL)-17 and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results After surgery,the percentage of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood decreased and the percentage of Treg cells increased in patients when compared to the pre-operation(P＜0.01).After surgery,the expression of RORγt was decreased and the expression of Foxp3 was increased in the CD4⁺T cells of patients in comparison with the pre-operation(P＜0.01).After surgery,the expression of IL-17 was decreased and the expression of TGF-β1 was increased in the plasma of patients in comparison with the pre-operation(P＜0.01).In addition,the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells,the expression of RORγt and Foxp3,and the expression of IL-17 and TGF-β in the peripheral blood were increased in preoperative lung cancer patients when compared to healthy controls. Conclusion There is a Th17/Treg imbalance in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients after complete resection of lung cancer.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate and understand the life quality and its influencing factors in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy. Methods Based on the European Research and Treatment Association,the EORTC-BR53 scale consisting of QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 was used as the main basis to design a questionnaire to investigate the life quality of breast cancer patients with chemotherapy.The rank sum test was used to evaluate the survival of breast cancer patients with chemotherapy.The grade logistics univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the factors of prognosis and life quality of breast cancer patients. Results The median fun scores of QLQ-BR23 scale in the groups of ＜35 months,36~59 months and more than 60 months were 0,0,and 66.67,respectively(P＜0.05).The median scores of annoy caused by alopecia were 33.33,33.33,and 10.33 in three groups mentioned above,respectively(P＜0.05).The median scores of physical function of QLQ-C30 scale for modified radical mastectomy,segment plus sentinel and breast-conserving patients were 66.67,66.67,and 73.33,respectively(P＜0.05).The median scores of nausea and vomiting in the modified radical mastectomy was 16.67,and others were 0;the median scores of shape physique of QLQ-BR23 in three groups were 91.67,100 and 100,respectively(P＜0.05);the median scores of sexual function were 0,16.67 and 50,respectively(P＜0.05),and the median scores of sexual fun were 0,33.33 and 66.67,respectively(P＜0.05).To analyze the total symptoms of life quality,causing borrow money and pathological classification were the factors affecting the total life quality of breast cancer patients with chemotherapy(P＜0.05).The total symptoms of life quality were analyzed.Univariate analysis showed that borrows money due to illness and ductal carcinoma in pathological classification had significant. Conclusion The life quality of breast cancer patients with chemotherapy is mainly related to the pathological stage of patients and whether they have economic pressure.

Objective To explore the application value of low ligation of inferior mesenteric artery(IMA)in laparoscopic Dixon of nonⅠsigmoid colon mesangial(SMC). Methods Seventy-one cases of nonⅠSMC rectal cancer patients who evaluated for feasibility of laparoscopic Dixon in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2017 to July 2018 were selected in this study,and they were randomly divided into two groups:the group of left colic artery reserved(low ligation group)and the group of left colic artery not retained(high ligation group).A three-dimensional computed tomography angiography of inferior mesenteric artery was obtained in all patients to guide the intraoperative accurate ligation of vessels.The baseline data,intraoperative and postoperative quantitative parameters of the two groups were compared. Results Three patients in the group of left colic artery reserved were forced to turn to high ligation for it could not meet the requirement of anastomosis.The low ligation group showed significant difference to the high ligation group on operation time[170(160,180)vs.180(170,210)](P=0.026),but there was no significant difference in the aspect of gender,age,BMI,distance between tumor and anal border,TNM stage,intraoperative blood loss,the splenic free rate,prophylactic stoma rate,Length of specimen,maximum diameter of tumor,tissue typing,total lymph node count,D3 lymph node count,postoperative first exhaust time,days in hospital since surgery and anastomotic fistula rate(P＞0.05). Conclusion Low ligation of inferior mesenteric artery can shorten the operation time and significantly lessen unplanned bowel length and reduce postoperative risk of anastomotic leakage.All of these are beneficial to patients' postoperative recovery and have important clinical guiding value.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the values of IHP standard visual judgment,deauville(5-porint scoring and 5-PS)and maximum standard uptake rate(△SUVmax)image methods in the evaluation of early-and mid-term sensitivity determination and prognosis in malignant lymphoma patients. Methods A total of 51 patients with lymphoma who met the inclusion criteria were selected for retrospectively analyses.PET/CT images of patients were analyzed by IHP standard visual judgment and deauville five-point methods.The △SUVmax value of the patient in the early and middle stages of treatment was calculated before treatment, and the optimal cut-off value of PET/CT for early- and mid-term sensitivity determination and prognosis of evaluation △SUVmax was obtained by ROC curve.The differences between the diagnostic efficiencies of three methods were compared.The Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The results of ROC curve analysis showed that PET/CT had the best diagnostic efficiency when △SUVmax was 56.95%.IHP standard visual judgment,deauville quintile and △SUVmax methods could obtain high sensitivity and negative predictive values for the early-term treatment of lymphoma treatment.The positive predictive values and accuracy of △SUVmax method were higher than other two methods. Conclusion IHP standard visual judgment,deauville 5,and △SUVmax have high clinical values in the evaluation of early and middle stage of lymphoma treatment and prognosis.They can be used as independent risk factors for prognosis.

Malignant melanoma(MM)is a very malignant solid tumor that is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis.Although the treatment of advanced melanoma has entered the era of targeting and immunotherapy,chemotherapy is still not to be abandoned.Chemotherapy for malignant melanoma has undergone a development process from single-drug chemotherapy,combination of two or three or even four drugs,and biochemotherapy.This article reviews the progress of chemotherapy for malignant melanoma,compares the main chemotherapy regimens,and looks forward into the future direction of chemotherapy.

Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors,and its morbidity and mortality are in the third and fourth places,respectively.About 60% of patients are in an advanced stage at the diagnosis,and their 5-year survival rate is around 13%.In the past 20 years,since the standardized application of advanced first-line chemotherapy and targeted drugs for metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC),mCRC treatment has made a major breakthrough.The use of oxaliplatin,capecitabine,bevacizumab,cetuximab and other drugs have doubled the median survival and increased the 5-year survival rate by 20%.The usual mode of first-line treatment of mCRC in the late stage is continuous medication until the disease progress or the intolerable toxicity occurs.However,because of the accumulation of toxicity of chemotherapy drugs,only one-third of patients can continue to receive treatment until the disease progresses.After completing established initial treatment cycle and achieving CR/PR/SD,the patients continue to use low-dose,low-toxic drugs for maintenance treatment,which can delay the progression and metastasis of the tumor,and reduce the side effects of drug.At present,maintenance therapy has become the main treatment mode after advanced first-line chemotherapy for mCRC.However,the optimal maintenance regimen for mCRC remains inconclusive,and existing maintenance regimens still do not find a balance between optimal outcome and maximum quality of life.This article will review the clinical studies of mCRC's existing maintenance treatment regimens,summarize the current status of mCRC maintenance therapy,and discuss individualized treatment strategies.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China.It poses a serious threat to health and its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year.There are defects in early diagnostic markers and disease activity progression indicators for clinical applications.Lipidomics helps to analyze the etiology,pathological progression and clinical diagnosis of colorectal cancer by comparing differences in lipid metabolites in vivo,providing a new method and platform for research of colorectal cancer.This review is aimed at the application of lipidomics in colorectal cancer.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a group of highly heterogeneous diseases with unique pathological characteristics and genetic changes,and the prognosis of patients depends largely on this.With the development of precision medicine,it is especially important to identify high-risk patients earlier and provides related treatments to prolong the survival time of patients and improves their quality of life.In recent years,DLBCL prognosis-related laboratory markers has progressed to more effectively predict patient prognosis and guides clinical treatment.This review summarizes the recent advances in laboratory markers in the prognosis of DLBCL.