Objective The of this study was to analyze the preliminary results of low-dose spiral CT(LDCT)screening for lung cancer and the influencing factors of the compliance in the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China in Hunan province from 2017 to 2018,so as to provide information for the prevention and control of lung cancer.Methods In five districts of Changsha city,all permanent residents aged 40~74 years were invited to fill in the high risk assessment questionnaire.The detected high-risk lung cancer patients received LDCT clinical screening for lung cancer.The results of high-risk lung cancer assessment and LDCT screening were analyzed,and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for the compliance rate of LDCT screening.Results A total of 74,768 people participated in the evaluation of high-risk groups in two years,and 12,789 people were evaluated as high-risk groups of lung cancer,with a high-risk rate of 17.1%;among them,6,406 people LDCT screening,with a compliance rate of 50.1%.A total of 64 participants(1.0%)suspected lung cancer were found in LDCT screening,and 268 patients(4.2%)were found to be positive pulmonary nodules.The detection rates of suspected lung cancer and positive pulmonary nodules increased significantly with the increase of age.Multivariate analysis was conducted on the research subjects participating in LDCT screening,and it was found that ten variables of age,education level,occupation,occupational exposure history,vegetable intake,indoor oil fume,regular physical exercise,recent mental depression,history of chronic respiratory diseases and family history of lung cancer were significantly associated with the LDCT screening compliance(P＜0.05).Conclusion This study found the influencing factors of LDCT screening compliance,and provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of LDCT screening compliance,and improved the effectiveness of lung cancer screening and early diagnosis and treatment programs in the future.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of small RNA-106a(miR-106a)in human gastric cancer tissues and its relationship with cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.Methods A total of 50 pairs of human gastric cancer and paired paracancerous formalin-fixed-embedded samples were collected,and real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-106a in gastric cancer tissues,human low differentiated gastric cancer or poorly differentiated gastric cancer SGC-7901,BGC-823,MKN-45 cell lines and immortalized human gastric mucosal epithelial GES-1 cell line.MTT method was used to detect the cell proliferation,and transwell method was used to detect cell migration and invasion.The bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase assay were used to identify target genes of miR-106a,and Western blot was used to detect the expression of target proteins TIMP2,MMP2,MMP9,E-cadherin and N-cadherin.Results Real-time PCR result showed that miR-106a was highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues,and the difference was statistically significant when compared with adjacent tissues(P＜0.001).MiR-106a was also highly expressed in human gastric cancer SGC-7901,BGC-823 and MKN-45 cells,and the difference was statistically significant when compared with GES-1 cells(P＜0.001).MTT assay showed that the proliferation ability of SGC-7901 cells and BGC-823 cells were decreased after inhibiting miR-106a(P＜0.01).Transwell assay showed that the migration and invasion abilities of BGC-823 cells were also decreased(P＜0.001).The dual-luciferase assay showed that after co-transfection of TIMP2 wild type reporter gene and miR-106a mimic,its luciferase activity was significantly lower than that of the miR-106a NC group(P＜0.001),but there was no significant change in the TIMP2 mutant reporter gene.Western blot showed that after inhibiting miR-106a,the expression of TIMP2 was increased,the expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 were decreased,the expression of E-cadherin was increased,and the expression of N-cadherin was decreased.Conclusion The high expression of miR-106a in human gastric cancer may affect the proliferation,metastasis and EMT of gastric cancer cells by targeting TIMP2.

Objective The of this study was to investigate the effect of lncRNA CASC2 overexpression on the proliferation,migration,angiogenesis and Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway of colorectal cancer cells.Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA CASC2 in normal colon epithelial cells(NCM460)and colorectal cancer cell lines(DLD-1,HT29,SW620,HCT116,RKO,LOVO,and SW480).HCT116 cells and SW480 cells were established stable transfection.The transfected cell lines were divided into the control group and lncRNA CASC2 overexpression group.CCK-8,Transwell,and scratch assays were used to detect the cell proliferation and migration ability.The cell supernatants collected from the control group and the lncRNA CASC2 overexpression group were used to extract exosomes,which were incubated with HUVEC cells.Their effects on angiogenesis were detected by 3D Matrigel method.The protein expression of Wnt16,FZD7 and β-catenin were determined by Western blot.Results The expression of lncRNA CASC2 in 7 colorectal cancer cell lines was significantly lower than that in normal colon epithelial NCM460 cells.Compared with the control group,the overexpression of lncRNA CASC2 significantly inhibited the proliferation,migration of HCT116 cells and SW480 cells(P＜0.01).3D Matrigel assay showed that exosomes from cells in SW480-CASC2 and HCT116-CASC2 groups significantly inhibited the formation of tubular cells in HUVEC(P＜0.01).The results of Western blot showed that the levels of Wnt16,FZD7 and β-catenin protein decreased after lncRNA CASC2 overexpression(P＜0.01).Conclusion The expression of lncRNA CASC2 is down-regulated in colorectal cancer cells.Overexpression of lncRNA CASC2 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway,and reducing angiogenesis.

Objective The aim of this study was to establish early diagnosis model and a prognostic risk model on immune-related lncRNAs of gastric cancer based,and to provide data support for early diagnosis and prediction prognosis of gastric cancer.Methods The TCGA-STAD dataset and the immport database were used to screen gastric cancer-related immune lncRNAs.The TCGA-STAD was used as the training set to construct a model for early diagnosis model of gastric cancer by logistic regression analysis.Univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses were used to screen immune lncRNAs that affected the overall survival of patients and construct prognostic gene signature.Finally,the gene signature and patient clinical indicators were combined to construct a risk model of gastric cancer prognosis.Gastric cancer gene chip datasets GSE54129 and GSE62254 were used as validation sets for external validation of the diagnostic and prognostic models,respectively.Results Nine immune-related lncRNAs were screened out to construct an early diagnostic model of gastric cancer.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test P-values of model construction and validation were 0.9982 and 1.0000,respectively,and the areas under the ROC curve were 0.991 and 0.958,respectively.Six immune lncRNAs affecting the overall survival of patients were obtained to construct the gene signature.Patients were divided into the high and low risk groups according to the median signature risk score.Survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate of patients in the high risk group was lower than that of the patients in the low risk group(training set and validation set,P＜0.05).The C-index of the survival status prediction genetic signature construction and validation were 0.61 and 0.59,respectively,and the areas under ROC curves for 1-,3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 0.623,0.623,0.677 and 0.581,0.613,0.622,respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that gene signature,age and tumor stage were independent factors affecting the overall survival rate of gastric cancer patients,and a prognostic risk model was constructed.C-index,ROC curve and calibration curve analysis showed that the predictive power of the prognostic risk model was better than that of the gene signature.Conclusion The early diagnostic model can effectively assist the early screening of gastric cancer.The gene signature,an independent factor affecting the overall survival rate of gastric cancer patients, which can predict the prognosis of patients to a moderate degree.In comparison,the prognostic risk model can further improve the predictive ability of the model.
   

Objective The of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative fatigue and postoperative quality of life in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods A total of 144 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who received surgery for the first time in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from September 2019 to August 2021 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were investigated with the Simple Fatigue Scale and the Quality of Life Core Scale to understand the preoperative fatigue and the quality of life after operation for one month in patients with advanced liver cancer,and to analyze the association between two groups.Results There were 41 patients(28.5%)without preoperative fatigue,61 patients(42.4%)with mild fatigue,and 42 patients(29.1%)with moderate to severe fatigue.The overall health level and the scores of various functional areas in the mild fatigue group were lower than those in the no-fatigue group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The overall health level and scores of each functional area in the moderate to severe fatigue group were lower than those in the mild fatigue group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that preoperative fatigue status was negatively correlated with postoperative overall quality of life and scores in various functional areas.Conclusion The higher the degree of preoperative fatigue in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma,the poorer the postoperative quality of life.Medical staff should take active and effective intervention measures for the patients' fatigue symptoms before surgery,optimize the preoperative status,and improve the postoperative life quality of the patients.

Objective The of this study was to explore the performance of DH2 detection technology based on the principle of hybrid capture for the management of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASC-US)population.Methods This study recruited participants from 21 to 64 years old general women in Xinmi county,Henan province from October 2016 to October 2018.All women would be subjected to gynecological examination and cervical exfoliative cytology collection after signing informed consent form.All cytological samples were detected by DH2 for high-risk HPV testing.At the same time,all subjects underwent colposcopy and tissue biopsy if necessary.The results of colposcopy and pathological diagnosis would be used as the gold standard for performance evaluation of DH2.Results A total of 302 women were enrolled with a median age of 52 years in the study.The DH2 test results were positive in 49 women(16.2%),3(1%)women were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2(CIN2),and 14(4.6%)women were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse(CIN3+)lesions.When CIN2+ was used as the clinical endpoint,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of DH2 were 82.4%,87.7%,28.6% and 98.8% respectively;when CIN3+ was used as the clinical endpoint,the sensitivity,specificity,and positive and negative predictive values of DH2 were 85.7%,87.2%,24.5% and 99.2%,respectively.Conclusion DH2 has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting CIN2+ and CIN3+ lesions in ASC-US population.Therefore,DH2 is promising in the management of ASC-US population and could reduce the health hazards of cervical cancer by combining with cytological screening methods.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of interleukin enhancer binding factor 2(ILF2)and nuclear factor 90(NF90)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)and their clinical significance.Methods Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)were used to detect the expression of ILF2 and NF90 in OSCC and normal oral mucosa(NOM)tissues.The relationship between their expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of OSCC patients was further analyzed.Oncomine and GEPIA databases were used to analyze their expression in different tissues.Results Compared with NOM tissues,ILF2 and NF90 were highly expressed in OSCC tissues(P＜0.05);their expression was positively correlated in OSCC tissues(φ=0.540,P＜0.001);the results of Oncomine database showed that ILF2 and NF90 were also highly expressed in OSCC tissues(P＜0.05);The results of GEPIA database showed that the expression of ILF2 and NF90 in OSCC was positively correlated(r=0.600,P＜0.001).The expression of ILF2 and NF90 was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of OSCC(P＜0.05).Prognostic survival analysis showed that patients with high expression of ILF2 and NF90 had a short overall survival,and the high expression of ILF2 and NF90 and the degree of tumor differentiation were independent risk factors affecting the overall survival of patients.Conclusion ILF2 and NF90 are highly expressed and correlated in OSCC,and they are correlated,and have adverse effects on the prognosis of OSCC patients,suggesting that they can be used as new diagnostic markers and prognostic indicators for the occurrence and development of OSCC

Objective The aim of this study was to study the clinical efficacy and treatment-related adverse reactions of high-dose and fractionated radiotherapy combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel and Tiggio chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods A total of 72 locally advanced pancreatic cancer patients who were admitted to Hefei Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences from September 2018 to November 2020 were selected and divided them into the control group of 36 cases and experimental group of 36 cases.The patients in the control group were given chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel and Sigiroid, and the patients in the experimental group were given high-dose and less-fractionated radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer on the basis of the control group. Finally, 34 cases in the control group and 33 cases in the experimental group were included. The overall survival(OS), progression-free survival(PFS), Objective response rate(ORR), disease control rate(DCR),  and incidence of treatment-related adverse reactions were observed. Results The median OS and median PFS of the experimental group were 12.4 months and 6.3 months,respectively, which were longer than 8.5 months and 4.2 months in the control group(P＜0.05); the ORR was 21.21%,although higher than that in the control group(5.88%), but the difference is not statistically significant(P＞0.05); DCR was 66.67%, which was higher than that in the control group(38.24%)(P＜0.05); the levels of serum CEA, CA19-9,CA724 and CTC were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of fatigue,liver function damage,bone marrow suppression, sensory neurotoxicity, and pain/myalgia adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05); the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05); but they were controllable and tolerable. Conclusion High-dose and fractionated radiotherapy combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel and Tiggio chemotherapy have significant clinical effects on patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, effectively prolonging survival period, and controllable treatment-related adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Grb-associated binding protein 2(GAB2)in patients with ovarian cancer and its relationship with prognosis.Methods A total of 119 ovarian cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were collected from The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University from January 2013 to January 2016.The expression of GAB2 in the tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining,and its correlation with clinical characteristics was analyzed.The relationship between GAB2 expression and survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve.Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.Finally,a Nomogram prognosis model was constructed to predict 3-year and 5-year survival rates of ovarian cancer patients based on Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results Compared with adjacent tissue,the expression of GAB2 was increased in tumor tissues(P＜0.001).In addition,the level of GAB2 was significantly correlated with FIGO stage(P=0.004),the level of CA125 at initial diagnosis(P=0.005),and platinum-resistant recurrence(P＜0.001).Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the high expression of GAB2 was associated with the decrease of OS(P＜0.001).Univariate analysis showed that the level of GAB2,FIGO stage,CA125 level at initial diagnosis and platinum-resistant recurrence were associated with OS in ovarian cancer patients(P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that GAB2 expression was an independent factor affecting the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.The Nomogram prognostic model had good predictive power for 3-year and 5-year survival in ovarian cancer patients,with a C-index of 0.801.Conclusion The expression of GAB2 can predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients,and is expected to be a potential target for ovarian cancer treatment

Biliary tract malignant tumors are aggressive,high malignant and have a poor prognosis.Early radical resection is currently the preferred treatment method and the only possible long-term survival method.However,most patients are already at an advanced stage when they are diagnosed,and only about 20% of the patients have the chance of surgery.Not only that,even if radical surgery is performed,the recurrence rate is still extremely high.In order to reduce the postoperative recurrence rate,people have been committed to exploring adjuvant treatment strategies for many years,including radiotherapy,chemotherapy and combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.However,most of the data come from phase II clinical trials and retrospective studies,and there is a lack of high-quality data to confirm the effects of adjuvant therapy.In recent years,with the release of several large randomized clinical trials and the development of precision treatments,more and more studies have focused on this field,and the results are promising.This review summarizes and analyzes recent research data in the field of adjuvant treatment of biliary malignant tumors,and discusses future research directions.

In recent years,studies have shown that gap junctions(GJ)formed by connexin play a non-negligible role in mediating communication between tumor cells.The abnormal expression of connexin 26(Cx26)has also been confirmed to be associated with tumor occurrence,progression and poor prognosis.Therefore,biomarker analysis of Cx26 and in-depth study of how it mediates different cancer phenotypes are beneficial to the development of clinical on feasible Cx26-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.In this review,we provide an overview of the expression and function of Cx26 in different cancers,and will further discuss the current clinical possibilities of using Cx26 for early tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Liver fibrosis and further cirrhosis are important factors in the occurrence and development of liver cancer.Fibroblasts can deposit extracellular matrix,and extracellular matrix deposition is also a hallmark of liver fibrosis.Liver fibrosis and further cirrhosis are important factors in the occurrence and development of liver cancer.There are many sources of fibroblasts,and the different sources are mainly due to the different nature of liver damage.It is currently believed that fibroblasts are mainly derived from hepatic stellate cells(Hepatic stellate cells,HSCs),also known as Ito cells.Liver fibroblasts can transform into cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)during the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The role of activated hepatic stellate cells(activated HSCs,AHSCs)/tumor-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)in the occurrence and development of HCC has been confirmed.CAFs are a group of activated fibroblasts with different cell sources and phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment(TME)of HCC,and are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.CAFs may secrete a variety of growth factors and cytokines,promote extracellular matrix remodeling,enhance the stemness of liver cancer cells,promote tumor resistance,promote liver cancer angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry(Vm)to affect tumors cell proliferation,apoptosis,migration,invasion,angiogenesis,immune escape and drug resistance.Because of the above characteristics,CAFs can be used as ideal targets in tumor treatment.In this review,we will explain the latest understanding of HCC CAFs,their cell origin and biological functions.

Lung is a common metastatic site of advanced breast cancer.Lung metastasis may cause cough,hemoptysis,pain,pleural effusion and pulmonary dysfunction and other clinical symptoms,which seriously affect the life quality of patients.At present,there are local and systemic treatments for breast cancer lung metastasis,but the survival rate of breast cancer patients with lung metastasis is still very low.Improving the efficacy of patients and prolonging the survival time have been hot issues of concern to patients and medical workers.This paper briefly reviews the mechanism of breast cancer lung metastasis and the latest treatment progress of lung metastasis,in order to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of breast cancer patients with lung metastasis.

Breast cancer has overtaken lung cancer as the world′s leading cancer,according to the latest global cancer statistics for 2020.Thus,how to the sensitivity of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer of strengthening is vital for the prognosis of breast cancer,and outside body secretion,and because of its with invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells in the process of occurrence and development,drug carrier transport and the body resistance,cytokine secretion expression and is closely related to immune response and so on,so integration and prognosis of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment has a great influence.This article reviews the diagnosis of exosome and its effect on the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.

Bladder cancer is a common tumor of urinary system,with a high recurrence and metastasis rate after radical resection alone.The main treatment methods are surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy,and the five-year survival rate is 60%~80%.In the exploration of reducing recurrence,metastasis and prolonging survival,the guidelines recommend cisplatin-based chemotherapy as the standard neoadjuvant treatment.However,some patients cannot tolerate chemotherapy or are insensitive to chemotherapy,so the application rate of neoadjuvant therapy is low and has not been widely developed.Programmed death factor 1(PD-1)and programmed death factor ligand 1(PD-L1)are important immune checkpoint co-suppressive molecules,which participate in the immune escape of tumors by inhibiting T cell activation and proliferation pathways.In recent years,batches of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been approved for first-line and second-line treatment of locally advanced bladder cancer,and their efficacy and safety have been confirmed.Therefore,some recent studies have explored the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for neoadjuvant therapy.This article mainly reviews and summarizes the relevant studies in recent years,and explores the prospect and possible development directions of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in neoadjuvant therapy for bladder cancer.

In recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have completely changed the treatment pattern of a variety of malignant tumors.However,not all patients can benefit from immunotherapy,and the overall effective rate is low.Therefore,how to screen the people who benefit from immunotherapy is currently a hot issue.Due to tumor heterogeneity,microenvironment complexity,specimen accessibility and other factors,the current biomarkers used to guide tumor immunotherapy have certain limitations.Studies have explored the predictive effect of clinical features on the efficacy of ICIs,including body mass index(BMI).This article reviews the relationship between BMI and the efficacy of immunotherapy for malignant tumors.

Automatic breast ultrasound system(ABUS)is a new technology in breast ultrasound examination in recent years.It has the advantages of image standardization,high reproducibility of operation,and obtaining coronal information.Because the image acquisition and image interpretation can be performed independently,the work efficiency of ultrasound doctors can be improved.ABUS can not only be used as a screening tool for breast cancer,but in terms of diagnostic performance,its high-quality coronal imaging can help distinguish benign and malignant lesions;automatic optimization of imaging can also increase the detection rate of breast lesions.In addition,it may predict the molecular subtypes of breast cancer,and has certain application value in the evaluation of the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.This article reviews the clinical application research of ABUS on breast cancer and discusses its future applications.