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《Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry》
JOPC 2001 Vol.3 Number 4
2001, Vol.3 Num.4
Online: 2001-08-01
1
Xie Jiamng(C. Y. Hsieh)
Translated by: Zhang Hongyuan, Shao Longyi, Revised by: Zhang Pengfeig, Xie Xuejin, Feng Zengzhao
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AS A GUIDE TO MINERAL EXPLORATION
Taking coal, bauxite, phosphate rock, sedimentary copper and iron ores, etc., as examples, this paper has demonstrated the use of palaeogeographic interpretation in prediction and exploration of sedimentary deposits. The discovery of the New Huainan Coal Field proves that a clear understanding of the palaeogeography is of great help for the discovery of new coal fields. There is a close relationship between palaeogeography and types of coal fields. The palaeogeographic conditions control the chemical and physical properties of coal seams as well as the economic value of coal fields. Palaeogeography has determined the distribution of the Chinese bauxite of the terra-rossa type. The distribution of the phosphate rock also follows the palaeogeographic trend. The iron deposits of Xuanlong type is mainly distributed along the old shoreline of the Sinian basin. The iron deposits of Ningxiang type mainly occurs along the old shoreline or nearshore zone of the Late Devonian transgression. A clear understanding of the palaeogeography should be of paramount importance in the future exploration of the hitherto little known copper deposits In conclusion, palaeogeography can be taken as a guide to mineral exploration.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 1-9 [
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10
Feng Zengzhao, Peng Yongmin, Jin Zhenkui, Jiang Panliang, Bao Zhidong, Luo Zhang, Ju Tianyin, Tian Haiqin, Wang Hong
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE AND LATE ORDOVICIAN IN SOUTH CHINA
The South China in this paper refers to the broad region bounded on the west by the Jinshajiang River—Yuanjiang River Fracture, on the northwest by the Longmenshan Fracture, on the north by the Chengkou—Fangxian—Xiangfan—Guangji Fracture, on the northeast by the Tancheng—Lujiang Fracture, on the east by the Huanghai Sea and Donghai Sea, and on the south by the Nanhai Sea. The area is about 2 000 000 km
2
. Based on the quantitative and qualitative data from the study of stratigraphy and petrography of outcrop and well sections, according to the single factor analysis and comprehensive mapping method, the single factor maps of the Hule (Miaopo) Stage and Hanjiang (Baota) Stage of the Middle Ordovician, and the Shikou (Linxiang) Stage and Wufeng Stage of the Upper Ordovician, and the lithofacies palaeogeogaphy maps of the Hule (Miaopo) Age and Hanjiang (Baota) Age of the Middle Ordovician and the Shikou (inxiang) Age and the Wufeng Age of the Late Ordovician in South China are compiled. In these lithofacies palaeogeography maps, there are 7 principal palaeogeographic units, i. e. Dianxi Platform, Kangdian Land, Yangtze Platform, Slope, Jiangnan Basin, Southeast Platform and Cathaysian Land. The former 5 units belong to the Kangdian Palaeogeography System, and the latter 2 units belong to the Cathaysian Palaeogeography System. The most important character of these lithofacies palaeogeography maps is quantification. Quantification means that the determination of each palaeogeographic unit is based on the accurate quantitative data and single factor map. This is the first time in the study and mapping of the Middle and Late Ordovician in South China. These quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography maps are important development in palaeogeography, and are the guide to the prediction and exploration of oil, gas and other sedimentary mineral resources. In conclusion, the two palaeogeographic systems and the evolutionary history of the 7 principal palaeogeographic units in the whole Cambrian and Ordovician are discussed in detail.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 10-24 [
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25
Fu Jinhua, Zheng Congbin
EVOLUTION BETWEEN NORTH CHINA SEA AND QILIAN SEA OF THE ORDOVICIAN AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY IN ORDOS BASIN
The evolution between North China Sea and Qilian Sea of the Ordovician in Ordos Basin has been remained one of the problems for many years. The evolution characteristics of conodont fauna in Ordovician and its relationships with North China Sea and Qilian Sea have been highly discussed in this article on the basis of the irreversibility of ecology evolution and palaeontologic subareas, and the systematic stratigraphic correlation of Ordovician in the central east, west and south part of the basin It has been decided that the late period of the greatest transgression of Majiagou Age 4 was the time when Qilian Sea invaded into the west part of the basin, and the invaded range did not exceed beyond the west line from Well E 6 to Well Dintan 1 on the central paleo-uplit. The central paleo-uplift had played a role in dividing the North China Sea and Qilian Sea after the sedimentation of Majiagou Age 4 In the light of the features of conodont fauma and the geographic distribution of different stages, combined with the ancient structures and the lithofacies marks, the characteristics of lithofacies palaeogeography of different ages have been reconstructed. This research will establish a geological foundation for natural gas exploration in the Ordovician.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 25-34 [
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35
Zou Yuanrong, Jin Zhenkui, You Weifeng, Jiang Chunlei
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE ORDOVICIAN IN HUANGHUA DEPRESSION
The Huanghua Depression is located between the Chengning Uplift and Cangxian Uplift, connecting with the Yanshan Fold Zone to the north. In the study area, the Ordovician is 600~800 m thick and mainly consists of limestones and dolostones. The Lower Ordovician can be divided into the Yeli Formation and Liangjiashan Formation, and the Middle Ordovician can be divided into the Lower Majiagou Formation, Upper Majiagou Formation, and Fengfeng Formation. The Lower Majiagou Formation. Upper Majiagou Formation, and Fengfeng Formation can each be further divided into the upper member and the lower member. The Upper Ordovician is missing In the Yeli Age and Liangjiashan Age of the early Ordovician, the study area was mainly a shallow restricted platform, in which there were several tidal flats and banks. The lithofacies palaeogeography throughout the Middle Ordovician showed strong cyclicity. In the early Early Majiagou Age, transgression occurred, and the whole study area was occupied by tidal flats In the late Early Majiagou Age, sea level rose further and most of the study area changed to a shallow restricted platform. In the early Late Majiagou Age, sea level fell, and tidal flats again dominated the area In the late Late Majiagou Age, sea level rose quickly and most of the study area changed to a relatively deep open platform In the early Fengfeng Age, the area changed to tidal flats In the late Fengfeng Age, the whole study area changed to a relatively deep open platform again. During the Ordovician, the study area underwent 4 marine transgression regression cycles In the late Late Majiagou Age marine transgression reached maximum.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 35-44 [
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45
Qin Jianxiong, Xia Zhu, Zhang Changjun, Wang Yunsheng
SEQUENCE FILLING SUCCESSION AND SEDIMENTARY DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF THE XICHANG COMPOUND BASIN
This paper, in terms of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary dynamics, deals with sequence filling succession and sedimentary dynamic evolution of Xichang Compound Basin. The authors suggest that this basin possesses different tectonic nature during different geological evolution, and different genetic framework within different areas, revealing a typical composite characteristic of superposition in vertical and complex in horizontal. The sequence filling succession includes 2 supper-sequences, 5 mega sequences, 8 1st order sequences, 14 2nd order sequences, 76 3nd order sequences and lots of next hierarchy sequences, suggesting corresponding sea (lake) level changes with the same amount and cycles, respectively. Its formation and evolution are controlled by both tensile forces deduced from Tethyan plate and converging force from assembling among various plates. Its evolution underwent 3 stages, i e. fold base formation, passive marginal development and intracontinental reworking, includes orogenic rifting(Z
1
), passive continental margin(∈—P
2
), mantle budge and tension (P
3
), residual sea basin (T
1
—2), foreland basin(T
3
—J
1
), intracontinental depression, (J
2
—K
1
) and extrusion reworking (K
2
—E
1
) stages.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 45-55 [
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56
Sha Qing'an
AN EXAMPLE OF HUNJI ROCK ORIGIN OF SANDY DOLOARENITE OF THE SINIAN DOUSHANTUO FORMATION IN EASTERN YUNNAN PROVINCE
The sandy dolarenite of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in the eastern Yunnan Province is a typical example of hunji rock, a mixed sediments in narrow sense. All sand grains are quartz sands. Sorting and roundness and sphericity of particles are in good grade level Quartz sands are scattered in microcrystalline dolomitic sands in “floating” state. The occurrence and texture and structure of sandy dolarenite show that the beach sands was transported into to the sea in the process of transgression, and mixed with dolomitic interclastics.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 56-60 [
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61
Jiang Maosheng, Zhu Jingquan, Li Xuejie
NEW PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON DEEP WATER CARBONATE SEDIMENTATION
Deep water carbonate sediments include allochthonous carbonate sediments released from shallow water by gravity flow and carbonate contourite and static autochthonous deep sea carbonate sediments. Deep water carbonate sediments were controlled by gravity flow, contoured flow and also controlled by carbonate productivity of surface water, dilution of siliciclastic from the land, and carbonate corrosion under deep sea. Most researches indicate that deep water carbonate sediments perfectly response to sea level variations and climatic changes no matter whether gravity flow or no gravity sediments. The information about environmental evolution can be obtained through studying on deep water carbonate sediments. Meanwhile, there are rich oil, natural gas and other sedimentary mineral resources in deep water carbon ate rocks. So, there are important theoretical and applied significances.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 61-68 [
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69
Li Zhongxiong, Guan Shiping
SEDIMENTARY CYCLE AND STRONTIUM,CARBON,OXYGEN ISOTOPES OF THE SILURIAN AT LUGUHU REGION IN NINGLANG COUNTY OF WESTERN MARGIN OF YANGTZE PLATFORM
The sedimentary cycle and strontium, carbon, oxygen isotopic characteristics of Silurian carbonate at Luguhu region in Ninglang County of western margin of Yangtze Platform are studied in this paper. The relationship between the isotopic curves and sea level changes and regional crustal uplifts is also discussed. The research results indicate that the Silurian is mainly composed of tidal carbonate sedimentary facies besides a small part of fine clastic sediments in the bottom. Its strontium, carbon and oxygen isotopic values vary in the range of 0.7093~0.7196, —1.280%~2.674‰ and -1.302‰~—10.713‰, respectively, and the average isotopic values are 0.7114, 0.984‰ and -7.810‰, respectively. Because it is influenced by the regional crustal uplift, the isotopic components and isotopic evolutionary curves are not closely related with global sea level changes during the Silurian.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 69-76 [
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77
Yang Yuqing, Tian Hong, Meng Jie, Qiao Yuedong, Gao Dongsheng, Wang Jihua
FLUVIAL SEDIMENTS AND THEIR OIL GAS EXPLORATION SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NEOGENE IN THE NANPU 35—2 AREA OF CENTRAL BOHAI GULF
The fluvial sediments of the Neogene in the Nanpu 35—2 area of Central Bohai Gulf are well developed and can be divided into two types as meandering river sediments and braided river sediments. The depositional sequences of meandering river are typical of the development of point bars, crevasse splays, natural levees and flood plains. The depositional sequences of braided rivers mainly consist of braided channel lag deposits and mid channel bar sandstones. Based on sedimentary structures, grain size probability curves, C-M charts, sedimentary sequences and logging curves, etc., this paper has discussed the sedimentary characteristics of each microfacies for fluvial sediments and concludes 6 types vertical sequences which reflect different sedimentation and features separately. This paper also probes into reservoir properties of the sand bodies and suggests that point bar and mid channel bar sand bodies can be considered the high quality reservoirs for great oil gas field, and the formation of oil gas pool not only be related to reservoir quality of sandbodies, but also to regional tectonic conditions.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 77-84 [
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85
Ren Zuowei, Li Lin, Zhang Fenglian
SEDIMENTARY FACIES OF DEEP BURIAL STRATA OF THE PALAEOGENE CLASTIC RESERVOIRS IN THE LIAOHE BASIN
The fan-deltas, sublacustrine fans and flood plains constitute the main depositional systems of the Palaeogene of deep burial strata (
below 3500m
) in the Liaohe Basin. According to their forming mechanisms, palaeotectonic settings and sandbody distributions, the sublacustrine fans can be classified into three types, i. e. the gentle-sloped sublacustrine fan, the steep sloped sublacustrine fan and the gravity flow channels. The gentle sloped sublacustrine fan was formed in the deeper water area along the gentle slope side of the depression and was developed with sediment-supplying channels. Its sandbodies were distributed along the short axis. The sediment-supplying channels and the palaeomorphology controlled the distribution pattern of the sub-facies and sandbodies. The steep sloped sublacustrine fan was distributed in the deep-water area and was formed by the sliding of the fan deltas along the eastern boundary fault surface. It has been developed with sandbodies distributed along the long axis. The gravity flow channels was distributed along a fault trough and was formed by two eastern boundary faults Detrital sediments come from the eastern faulting cliff of the depression. This paper has especially studied the depositional characteristics and sandbody spatial distribution of deep reservoirs in the Liaohe Basin. It is indicated that the scales of the deep reservoirs and their petrophysical properties are controlled by the depositional systems and sedimentary facies. The petrophysical properties of the fan deltas are better than those of the sublacustrine fans and the flood plain fluvial channels at the same depth. Similarly, the petrophysical properties of different sub-facies in the same sedimentary facies are also notably different. For in stance, the petrophysical properties of the braided channel sandbody are better than those of the mid fan front and the outer fan of the sublacustrine fans. It is concluded that the petrophysical properties of the fan delta front sandbodies and the braided channel sandbodies of the sublacustrine fans are of the best exploration potential in the deep area of the Liaohe Basin.
2001 Vol. 3 (4): 85-94 [
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