The margin of the carbonate platform of the  Middle and Upper Ordovician, Tazhong area, Tarim Basin is characterized by a welldeveloped rimmed depositional system which consists of various types of grain banks and organic reefs. Through detailed study of sedimentary facies of individual wells, calcarenaceous, calcirudytic, bioclastic, and oolitic banks have been recognized in this rimmed system. Three types of reefs have been distinguished in the platform margin: cryptalgal limemud mounds, baffling reefs mainly constructed by branching bryozoa, sponges and/or corals, and framework reefs built up by sponges, calathium, stromatopora, corals, solenopora and others. The outer belt of the platform margin facing the deepwater basin is characterized by development of the assemblage of moderate and high energy grain banks and framework reefs. The assemblage of moderate and low energy grain banks, cryptalgal limemud mounds, and baffling reefs mainly occurs within the inner belt of the platform margin  . This rimmed system of platform margin is distributed along the western side of Tazhong No.1 Fault striking NWSE ,and is a belt more than 100 kilometers in the length. It is an important belt of oil and gas accumulation in this area. As far as the carbonate reservoir quality within this rimmed system is concerned, the outer belt of the platform margin is generally better than the inner one. The limestone beds in banks and reef cores are best, but sediments of interreef and interbank seas are poor.

The aulacogen,postaulacogen depression and depression took place successively during the Early ProterozoicLate Palaeozoic in the western margin of the North China PlatformThe present paper deals with in detail the relationship between the coalaccumulating process and the Late Palaeozoic marine transgressionregression on the basis of the superregional stratigraphic correlation and detailed analysis of sedimentary environmentsThe results of the study show that there were major areas of tidal flat deposition and delta deposition during the late Late Carboniferousearly Early Permian on the western margin of the North China PlatformThe sedimentary environments are characterized by difference between the east and west,and by zonation from the north to south in spatial distributionThey changed gradually from lagoonal tidal flat to river controlled lagoonal delta and again to river controlled littoral delta affected by tidal action in the westThe sedimentary environment of tidal flat occurred in the east The sedimentary environment of near mountain littoral plain also occurred in the eastern margin Four times of secondorder marine transgressionregression occurred during the early Late Carboniferousearly Early Permian in the study area, of which the third and fourth secondorder marine transgressions developed all over this areaThe third secondorder marine transgression occurring at the beginning of early Early Permian marks the maximun transgression period and before its arrival,ie at the end of the late Late Carboniferous there was the best developed period of the coal seams in the superregionThe depositional areas of lagoonal delta plain peat swamp,terrigenous supratidal peat flat and terrigenous supratidal peat swamp were the best place of the coalaccumulating process

Through detailed study of the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation of the He－31 Block in the Xianhezhuang Oilfield，16 sedimentary microfacies types are recognized and their characteristics are described.Their distribution and evolution are also discussed. In the study area,delta and lacustrine sediments are developed, and with the change of lake level and sediment supplies, the delta was pushed forward or backward incessantly from northeast to southwest. Two sedimentary cycles are identified. One represents evolution from shallow lake to delta plain in the second member of the Shahejie Formation, and another from shallow lake to delta front in the first member of the Shahejie Formation. The control of the sedimentary microfacies on sandbodies devolopment，reservoir quality and intrabed heterogeneity of reservoir beds are illustrated quantitatively. The study shows that distributary channels, point bars and river mouth bars are the most favorable sedimentary facies. The characteristics of sedimentary microfacies control the macroscopic and microscopic distribution of residual oil and these research results are very useful for constructing the model of the fine reservoir description.

 Radiolarian chert，as an important environmental indicator，is widespread in South China and adjecent areas. Based on its temporal and spacial distribution，two regions and one belt can be recognized. The southern region includes western and southeastern Yunnan as well as western and southern Guangxi. The Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic radiolarian chert sequences occur there.  Of which the chert belt in western Yunnan extends southward into Thailand and Malaysiya Peninsula，representing the main trend of the PalaeoTethys. The chert sequences in southeastern Yunnan as well as western and southern Guangxi indicate some branch marine basins of the PalaeoTethys. The northern region includes the centralnorth Guangxi and Guangdong, middle south Hunan and Jiangxi，as well as the middle and lower Yangtze areas.  There the MiddleUpper Permian radiolarian cherts indicate the existence of deep basins along the Yangtze platform margin during that period and the seaway linked with the PalaeoTethys Ocean.  The east belt appeared in the island arcs outside of the South China Sea and East China Sea，from the northern Balawan through the Ryukyu Islands to the inner belt of southwest Japan.  There the Middle Permian to Upper Jurassic radiolarian chert sequences together with the palaeomagnetic evidences indicate a lowlatitude pelagic marine basin located to the south of South China during that time.  Then the marine basin can be called “PalaeoSouth China Sea”. The opening of the PalaeoSouth China Sea might be the cause of the middleupper Permian orogeny happened in the Yunkai terrane and other places in southeast China.  Its later development also resulted in Triassic and Jurassic palaeogeographic changes in southeast China.  The fast northward movement of the Izanagi plate in the Pacific during the Late Jurassic caused the underthrusting and subducting of the PalaeoSouth China Sea and resulted in the extensive calcalkaline magmatism along the coast area of  southeast China.

The TurpanHami Basin, rich in coal and petroleum, was formed by superimposition of basins of different periods and different geneses in the geological history. Lithofacies palaeogeography analyses show that the Early and Middle Jurassic coal measures developed in the extensional panlake environments, and had experienced the swamping－lake flooding－swamping－lake flooding processes. The two swamping (coal accumulation) periods developed in the Badaowan Stage and the early Xishanyao Stage and the two lake flooding periods occurred in the Sangonghe Stage and the late Xishanyao Stage. The basement of the TurpanHami Basin is characterized by a rhombohedral fault block framework resulting from activities of the NE—SW and NW—SE striking faults. The palaeogeographic feature and depositional framework of the basin were controlled by synsedimentary activity of these basement blocks. The isopaches of the Jurassic extend in NEE—SWW direction and NWW—SEE direction. Thick and thin zones of the strata are horizontally alternated along both the NE—SW direction and the NW—SE direction. Depocenters such as the Taibei Sag, Toksun Sag, Hami Depression and Aiwergou Depression generally occurred in places where two subsiding zones intersected. The geodynamics of extension of the TurpanHami Basin in the Early and Middle Jurassic resulted from the late orogenic stress relaxation in the East Tianshan region, which promoted the activity of the upper mantle between the orogenic belts, followed by a heatexpansion and uplift of the Moho surface. The Moho dome in the TurpanHami Basin put the upper crust into a tensional stress state and made basement faults reactivate as normal faults so as to control the deposition and basin extension.

 This paper introduces the principle and method of Palaeotectonic Reconstruction Using Backstripping Analysis, and successfully reconstructed the palaeotectonic frameworks of the base of Permian in the border areas of Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan Provinces at the end of the Permian, Middle Triassic,Late Triassic, and Middle Jurassic respectively. The result shows：At the end of the Permian, the base of the Permian had a complicated palaeotectonic pattern which consisted of three sets of structures which extended in northeast, eastwest and northsouth directions respectively. At the end of the Middle Triassic, the general pattern of the tectonic surface consisted of two depressions, one uplift, and one slope. The northsouth elongated structures were the main structures developed at the base of the Permian. At the end of the Late Triassic, the palaeotectonic framework formed in the EarlyMiddle Triassic was largely unchanged, but the buried depth of the tectonic surface increased obviously and  the main uplift and depression were clearer. At the end of the Middle Jurassic, the tectonic pattern of the tectonic surface had evidently changed.  Its southern part was higher than the northern part and the direction of the main structures  was east-west. The Huanglinganticline and the Dangyang synclinorium were palaeouplift and short to equal axial depression respectively formed during the Mesozoic. The Jiangnan uplift formed at the end of the Palaeozoic and continuously developed during the Mesozoic.

The Lower Palaeozoic in Ordos were identified with the comprehensive method of integrating the outcrop sections, well sections and seismic profiles,first integrating the synthetic seismograms and the vertical seismic profiles(VSP)of 11 wells. Totally 371 pieces and 15 683 kilometers of seismic profiles were processed and stratigraphically interpretated,which greatly upgraded the interpretation of the seismic profiles.Based on above achievements, the Lower Palaeozoic in Ordos were divided into five stratigraphical units, i.e. Lower and Middle Cambrian, Middle and Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician, Lower Majiagou Group, Upper Majiagou Group, and pingliang Formation and Beiguoshan Formation, and their isopach maps were compiled. These maps show that the palaeotectonic pattern of the former four ages was “one uplift and three depressions”,i.e. one middle uplift was surrounded by the western depression,southern depression and eastern depression, which together took the shape of “U”, and the palaeotectonic pattern of the last age was “one uplift and two depressions”, i.e. the huge Ordos uplift borders on the western depression and southern depression, which together took the shape of “L”. At the end of the Ordovician the Ordos and the whole North China Platform formed an unified uplift and the framework of uplifts alternating with depressions vanished.

 Palaeobiomigration is closely related to palaeogeographical environments. It is a result of changes of the environments as well as a sign of the changes.  The study of palaeobiomigration is a new branch of palaeobiogeography combined with evolutionism. At the present there are many researchers abroad who are engaged in the study, but in our country it is understood that no other people have investigated the migration except us. Though concept of biomigration was proposed early, Darwin (1859) was the first man who systematically explained the concept. He believed that each species had only one center of origin which he called "single center of creation". So long as conditions permitted the species would migrate outwards from the center as far as possible. In after years the thesis has undergone a long and tortuous course of development, and it was  showed that the thesis was full of  vitality. The migration may be divided into three kinds: transdiffusion, translocation and transseparation. Approaches to migration may be summarized as following: geographical tracing of the lowest horizons; geographical tracing of the evolving sequences and tracing of the corresponding environments. Vicarianism which occurred in the 1970s has been challenging the traditional theory of migration. The study of migration may grow into a new branch of palaeobiogeography.

 Nansihu Lake,  composed of Weishanhu Lake, Zhaoyanghu Lake, Nanyanghu Lake and Dushanhu Lake, is the largest lake in North China. In this paper some environmental indexes of sediments from Nansihu Lake, such as lithology, sedimentation rate, magnetic susceptibility, TOC(total organic carbon), TN(total nitrogen), C/N and fossil pigment, were analyzed. The study shows that sedimentary difference between north and south Nansihu Lake occurred at 0.62 ka BP. Before 2.45 ka BP, fossil pigment was not found in sediments, and C/N was obviously high and even reached 60～80, characteristic of fluvial facies. The period from 2.45～1.3 ka BP was the period of forming Nansihu, reflected by abrupt increase of pigment content, and  corresponding change of other environmental indexes. Nansihu Lake was stable during 1.3 ka BP to 0.62 ka BP. After 0.62 ka BP, Dushanhu Lake in the north of Nansihu Lake was more like a river, while Weishanhu Lake in the south was a lake. Sedimentary characteristics showed above will be the basis of reconstructing the evolution history of Nansihu Lake, determining the level and scope of influence of the Yellow River flooding in this area and investigating the intensity of human activity in this area.