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	JOPC 2020 Vol.22 Number 4
	2020, Vol.22 Num.4
	Online: 2020-08-01

	LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONIC PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES QUATERNARY PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY NEW TECHNIQUES AND NEW METHODS

LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY

	601	Du Yuan-Sheng, Yu Wen-Chao, Zhang Ya-Guan

		Ore sedimentology: A developing interdisciplinary research direction of sedimentology
		Ore sedimentology is a new interdisciplinary research direction based on the combination of sedimentology and ore deposit geology. Ore sedimentology belongs to applied fundamental research and its main task is to apply the basic principles of applied sedimentology(sedimentation dynamics,fluid dynamics,physics,chemistry,and microbial sedimentology)to explore the transfer and accumulation of ore-forming elements and the weathering-transportation-deposition process of ore-forming particles. After obtaining above-mentioned information,we can reconstruct the palaeoenvironment factors of sedimentary ore deposits(e.g.,sedimentary environment,palaeosalinity,palaeo-alkalinity,palaeo-redox)and their forming background(e.g.,sedimentary basin,palaeogeography,palaeoclimate). This research aims at providing scientific basis for prospecting of sedimentary ore deposits. To achieve this goal,we need to constrain the origin of ore deposits,summarize the ore-forming rules,build the ore depositional and the prospecting model. Our study cases indicate that there were couplings between the sedimentary ore-forming events and important key geological events.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 601-619 [Abstract] ( 594 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 24318KB] ( 635 )

	620	Yu Ye, Wang Li, Yin Tai-Ju, Zhang Xing-Qiang, Huang Yan-Ran, Cao Tao-Tao

		Discovery and significance of deep-water gravity-flow deposits of the late Barremian of Early Cretaceous in Lower Congo Basin
		Taking the middle Pointe Indienne Formation of the Lower Cretaceous Barremian in the Lower Congo Basin as an example,based on the theory of deep-water sedimentology,combined with the latest research progress of gravity-flow,and with the help of the latest drilling core data and its analyzing test results in the study area,the lithology,sedimentary structure types and petrological characteristics were investigated. It is found that gravity-flow deposits were widely developed in the middle Pointe Indienne Formation of the study area. The deposition process and the conceptual model of sand-body development for the deep-water gravity-flow have also been summarized. The gravity-flow deposits are mainly composed of midium-fine grained sandstone where the flute cast,load cast,flame structure,ball and pillow structure are occurred at the bottom and the normal graded bedding,parallel bedding,climbing ripple bedding,convolute bedding,water escape structure and floating mud gravel are occurred in the internal part. The gravity flow sandstones whose transportation mechanism are dominated by suspension transport are mainly feldspathic detrital quartz sandstones which are poorly sorted,sub angular and sub rounded. Grainsize accumulation probability curve are characterized by both “one-segment” which suggests total suspension population and “two-segment” which suggests high suspension population. Five fluid types of gravity-flows including,slump,sandy debris flow,muddy debris flow and turbidity can be identified,and six styles of facies combination in vertical direction have been recognized. The gravity-flow sand-body in the study area can form large-scale oil and gas reservoir due to the better lateral continuity and the thicker vertical stack thickness.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 620-634 [Abstract] ( 460 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4557KB] ( 243 )

	635	Zhong Jian-Hua, Sun Ning-Liang, Hao Bing, Ni Liang-Tian, Song Guan-Xian, Xue Chun-Qi, Mao Cui, Shao Zhu-Fu, Ge Yu-Zhu, Chen Bin, Liu Sheng-Xin, Peng Chao-Feng, Gu Dong-Hui, Wang Yong-Qiang, Li Cong

		Characteristics and dynamics origin of the Lower Cretaceous sill in northern Beilaishi section of Lingshan Island, Shandong Province
		A lot of sand dikes are found in the Lower Cretaceous Laiyang Formation in northern Beilaishi section located in the Lingshan Island of Shandong Province. There are two types including bedding sand dikes and unbedding sand dikes based on their relationship with the bedding plane. The bedding sand dikes, which are often associated with soft sedimentary deformation, are mainly developed in the black mudstone of delta front, and their top and bottom interfaces are generally uneven. Based on the characteristics of sand dikes, the physical model and formula of bedding sand dikes under non-seismic condition are established. The relationship between the depth of liquefied sand layer, the emplacement depth and thickness of overlying sediment layer is deduced. It is considered that the depth of liquefied sand layer which forms large sand veins is very deep. This paper is of great significance in studying the origin of sand veins, lake related deposition and basin tectonic movement.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 635-646 [Abstract] ( 430 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2131KB] ( 348 )

	647	Zhou Xiao-Feng, Yang Feng-Li, Yang Rui-Qing, Kou Xiao-Hu, Zhuang Yuan

		Tectonic-lithofacies palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Yangtze Craton of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation and its oil and gas significance
		Recently,great breakthroughs have been obtained in shale gas exploration in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Craton. Thus,the tectonic-lithofacies palaeogeography of the Yangtze Craton during the Doushantuo depositional period was in urgent need to be further studied. Based on a large number of outcrop sections,latest drilling data,numerous previous studies,we reconstructed the tectonic-lithofacies palaeogeography of the Yangtze Craton. The results indicated that,during the Ediacaran Doushantuo Period,the tectonic background of the Yangtze Craton was not only controlled by its palaeogeographic location(at the northwest of the supercontinent Rodinia),but also by the thermal sedimentation after the continental rifting. The tectonic-lithofacies palaeogeography of the Yangtze Craton generally showed higher terrain in the west and the north,and lower in the east and the south,with four oldlands developed namely the Hannan,Kangdian,Niushoushan and Jiangnan oldlands. The sedimentary pattern was featured by three platforms(in the Upper Yangtze,Middle-Lower Yangtze,and northern Zhejiang regions)alternated with four basins(in the Wanyuan-Dazhou,west Hubei-Hunan,southeastern and northern Yangtze margins). The three platforms were dominated by restricted-open platform facies; the four basins were dominated by platform margin slope,shelf and bathyal facies. The four oldlands(provided the main detrital provenance),together with the syn-depositional faults and the palaeostructure of the underlying rift basins,controlled the tectonic-sedimentary characteristics of the Yangtze Craton during the Ediacaran Doushantuo Period. The paper has proposed that the southern Shaanxi,northeastern Sichuan,western Hubei,and the adjacent area of the Hunan,Guizhou and Chongqing are the most favorable distribution areas of the Doushantuo source rocks;the northern Zhejiang and southern Anhui areas are the secondary favorable distribution areas. These favorable distribution areas and their adjacent areas are considered to be favorable regions for deepening the deep natural gas exploration in the Yangtze Craton.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 647-662 [Abstract] ( 463 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4374KB] ( 311 )

	663	Li Ying, Pan Wen-Qing, Wu Ya-Sheng, Yang Guo, Sun Chong-Hao, Jiang Hong-Xia

		Fabric types of microbialites from the Stage 3 of Cambrian Series 2 in Sugaitebulake section, Tarim Basin
		The Xiaoerbulake Formation(Stage 3, Cambrian Series 2)in the Aksu area of the Tarim Basin is mainly composed of microbial dolostone with its reprehensive section at Sugaitebulake,90 km southwest of Aksu city. This formation can be ideal petroleum reservoirs for its good pores which has been extensively studied. Due to serious diagenesis alteration,however, their features have not been fully identified,which causes difficulty in understanding their formative processes and hampers the petroleum exploration. Here,based on detailed observation on outcrops and thin sections,we identified four types of microbialite fabrics,including thrombolitic fabric,laminated fabric,intraclastic fabric and framestone fabric,and established high-precision vertical evolutionary sequence of microbialites. The thrombolitic and the laminated fabrics can be further subdivided. The Members Ⅰ to Ⅲ are mainly composed of thrombolitic dolostone,thrombolitic-laminated dolostone and laminated dolostone. The Member IV consists of microbial thrombolite mounds,whereas the lower Member V is net-thrombolitic dolostone and the upper Member V intraclastic dolostone and Renalcis framestone. This study reveals that the original fabrics have been affected by dolomitization,recrystallization and dissolution,and the alteration degree of the microbialite fabric is more severe in the lower parts of this formation. The intraclastic fabric has the strongest resistance to diagenesis,followed by the laminated fabric,and then the thrombolitic fabric. The Members Ⅰ to Ⅲ represent tidal flat environments;the Member Ⅳ and the lower Member Ⅴ represent deep subtidal environments;the upper Member Ⅴ represents shallower subtidal environments.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 663-679 [Abstract] ( 328 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 23113KB] ( 574 )

BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY

	680	Liu Lu, Liu Le, Wang De-Ming, Xue Jin-Zhuang

		Roots of fossil and extant ferns: Morphological evolution and paleoenvironmental implications
		Roots are important vegetative organs of plants,and play essential roles in plant physiology as well as in the nutrient cycle and energy flow of an ecosystem. Fern roots are known to arise from the shoots in a predictable pattern,and thus are called shoot-borne roots,or more commenly adventitious roots. In contrast to the extensive studies of seed plant roots,relatively little information is available on fern roots. Based on a compilation of the available data and our own observations on both fossil and extant fern specimens,this study presents a review of root morphology of several fossil and extant ferns. In the early ferns that flourished during the Middle-Late Devonian,dense shoot-borne roots are attached on stems,or inferred rhizomes,or on expanded bases of trunks;such roots seldom branch,but when they do they display an isotomous branching pattern. In the crown groups of ferns,however,shoot-borne roots may be either densely or sparsely arranged,and show a monopodial branching pattern with two or more orders of lateral roots. The morphological evolution of fern roots may be interpreted by“the telome theory”: shoot-borne roots seem to be evolutionary conservative;primitive roots in early ferns can be considered as telome trusses that occasionally branch isotomously;and lateral rooting systems in crown groups of ferns evolved through overtopping of telome trusses. Information on fern root architecture,morphology,anatomical structure,and allocation ratios is documented in the fossil record,and is of significance in understanding the evolution of plant rooting systems and plant-soil interactions over geological time. As a case study,fossils of fern roots and root-soil systems from the Jurassic of Western Hills,Beijing,are briefly introduced.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 680-696 [Abstract] ( 401 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 6502KB] ( 395 )

TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONIC

	697	Li Pan, Li Yong-Qiang, Jing Jian-Bo, Cao Zheng-Lin, Yuan Xuan-Jun

		Unconformities formed during the P-T transition in the northwestern Junggar Basin: Nature, evolution and implications
		Late Permian to Early Triassic represents a significant transition period of the Junggar Basin,resulting in the formation of widespread characteristic unconformities. In this paper,the nature,evolution and implications of these unconformities in the northwestern Junggar Basin are explored,based on seismic and borehole data. This study shows that during the P-T transition two main phases of unconformities were present in the study area,including P₃/P₂ and T₁/P_3,with the former expressed mainly as a major angular unconformity and later as a minor parallel or sub-parallel unconformity. Noticeably,the two unconformities are amalgamated to form a superimposed one beneath the Lower Triassic in the north,whereas in the south they co-exist with the Upper Permian in between. Their evolution is characterized by four distinct stages: formation of the major unconformity,its partial onlapping by the Upper Permian,formation of the minor and superimposed unconformity,and their onlapping by the Triassic. The nature and evolution of these unconformities help elucidate the relative influence of the late-stage Hercynian and early-stage Indosinian orogenies,the wedge-shaped connotation of stratigraphic record,and the assignment of tectonic sequences to the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic. The results from this study also indicate that the unconformities and relevant stratigraphy during the P-T transition comprise favorable oil-gas migration pathways,reservoir-seal assemblages and various traps,and are thus of great significance for hydrocarbon exploration.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 697-714 [Abstract] ( 443 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 25737KB] ( 259 )

	715	Jin Shu-Chen, Li Yong-Hua, Wei Dong-Lan, Li Xin-Rui, Liu Da-Qi

		Preliminary study on development characteristics of planation surface in Liaodong Peninsula
		Planation surface is one that is associated with long-term stable tectonic environment of large scale landscape. The planation surface with the weathering crust as a whole to study is the main stream of modern planation surface research. The red weathering crust mainly is outcropped in the east and west of Liaodong Peninsula,and its thickness is around 4 m. In order to explore the properties,environment and development characteristics of the planation surface in Liaodong Peninsula,chemical elements and particle size characteristics of red weathering crust in this area were studied. The test results showed that the average value of CIA of the red weathering crust in the study area is 82.70,the average value of ba((Na₂O+K₂O+CaO+MgO)/Al₂O₃)is 0.39,the average value of S/A(SiO₂/Al₂O₃)is 4.86,and the average value of clay content is 8.31%. Compared with the red weathering crust of the karst area in the south of China,it has the characteristics of low leaching rate of salt base,low aluminization degree and weak viscosification. According to the regional geomorphologic features,the development of red weathering crust in the study area mainly went through four stages: (1)karst process was carried out in the whole rock mass above the base level of ancient erosion,and the geomorphologic fluctuation gradually increased;(2)geomorphologic fluctuation reached the maximum,and covered karst and gray weathering crust began to develop;(3)karst double-layer planation surface basically formed;(4)the development of gray weathering crust nearly stopped. With the tectonic movement,the gray weathering crust,which was originally located below the base level of ancient erosion,was all elevated above the base level of modern erosion to form red weathering crust. Therefore,the planation surface in the study area is ancient planation surface,and the development stage is lateralization stage. The results can provide a preliminary basis for revealing the neotectonic movement and sea level change in the Liaodong Peninsula from the Neogene to present.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 715-726 [Abstract] ( 397 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3181KB] ( 376 )

PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

	727	Xu Zhao-Hui, Hu Su-Yun, Wang Lu, Zhao Wen-Zhi, Zeng Hong-Liu

		The application of seismic sedimentology in studying different sedimentary facies and reservoirs
		Seismic sedimentology,which includes seismic geomorphology and seismic lithology,has wide application prospect. Based on investigations of three different depositional environments,i.e.,siliciclastics in the Karamay Formation of Mahu sag,carbonates rock in the Longwangmiao Formation of Central Sichuan Basin,and mixed sediments in the Jialingjiang Formation of Central Sichuan Basin,the paper discussed the application of seismic sedimentology in studying facies and reservoir in three systems,i.e.,siliciclastics,carbonates,and mixed lithologies(evaporates,carbonates,and siliciclastics). It is found that alluvial fan and fluvial river facies developed in the Karamay Formation. Reservoir in point-bar has a better porosity,permeability,and higher production than that in lower-fan. Sedimentary facies in the Longwangmiao Formation are controlled by syn-depositional strike-slip faults. Thick dolostone reservoir is located mainly on the upper slope area in Moxi structure. Lower part of second member of the Jialingjiang Formation in Central Sichuan Basin changes from non-marine facies in the southwest to mixed facies and restricted evaporite facies in the middle,and to marine faces in the northeast. Reservoir-bearing dolostone lithofacies are located near the middle evaporite facies. Besides of the typical phase rotation,strata slice,and frequency decomposition,two new techniques(principal component analysis and RGB blending)were applied to these three cases. The results are satisfactory,and it is proved that seismic sedimentology is effective to qualitatively reconstruct depositional facies and quantitatively predict reservoir.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 727-743 [Abstract] ( 479 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 6123KB] ( 301 )

	744	Sheng Hui, Duan Zheng-Ming, Liu Shan-Wei, Zeng Zhe, Feng Jian-Wei

		Research advances,geological implication and application in Ordos Basin of the “pore-size controlled precipitation” in diagenesis of carbonate rock reservoir
		Based on the discovery of pore-size controlled mineral precipitation and cementation heterogeneity in carbonate rock reservoirs,the state of art and the geological implications are summarized,referring to the fluid-rock interaction and chemical hydrodynamics in porous media. (1)The pore-size controlled precipitation phenomenon is common in geological environments,as shown by the heterogeneous cementation and eventual features that the large pores are filled while small pores can be preserved. Related studies are mainly divided into three aspects,including pore structure observations at different scales,numerical simulation of fluid-rock interaction and mineral precipitation experiment. (2)The kinetic models related to surface chemistry can be used to explain the heterogeneous precipitation affected by pore-size distribution. The larger interfacial tension and mineral crystal curvature in the micropores result in the much higher effective solubility.Thus the fluids in micropores can maintain a higher supersaturation with no minerals precipitation. (3)The pore-size controlled precipitation leads to the selective preservation of micropores. It means that the much larger pores tend to be cement-filled while the smaller pores are preserved in the case of coexistence of pores at different scales. The impacts of cementation types on the overall permeability of rock are different. The pore-size controlled precipitation phenomenon is also worthy of attention in the research of geothermal development and geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. In the last part, based on the heterogeneous cementation and porosity distribution of the Majiagou Formation in the Ordos Basin,we study the impacts of diagenetic fluids properties,origin and cementation patterns on the evolution of pore structure and high-quality reservoir distribution.The discovery and emphasis of pore-size controlled precipitation is of great theoretical significance to our understanding of the complex fluid-rock interaction process,which provides a new perspective for reservoir diagenesis and pore preservation.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 744-760 [Abstract] ( 472 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 18389KB] ( 532 )

QUATERNARY PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY

	761	Li Lei, Xiang Fang, Liu Yi-Ming, Tai Zi-Han

		Discussion on evolution of Min Jiang River: Heavy mineral evidence from the Quaternary fluvial sediments in Yibin area,Sichuan Province
		Heavy minerals deposited on river terraces can be used to reflect source rock properties and reveal river evolutionary processes. This study focused on the heavy minerals deposited in the lower Min Jiang River terraces and in the modern deposits. We studied paleo-current direction, characteristics of the heavy mineral assemblages, characteristic metamorphic minerals and heavy mineral characteristic indices. The results show that the lower reaches of the Min Jiang River Ⅴ- to Ⅲ-level terrace deposits consist dominantly of magmatic rock type, which mainly comes from the Longmen Shan mountain tectonic belt. The heavy minerals deposited in modern sediment come from the Songpan-Ganzi fold belt. The heavy mineral characteristic indices suggest that this change is due to headward erosion of the Min Jiang River. Affected by the phase B of the Kunhuang movement, the Min Jiang River was incised to the Wenchuan area at 0.73-0.7 Ma and the Ⅴ-level terrace formed. The Min Jiang River was strongly cut down at 0.5-0.3 Ma due to the phase C of the Kunhuang movement, and as a result the Ⅳ-level terrace formed. Influenced by Gonghe movement, the Min Jiang River was incised to the stone mark and Ⅲ-level terrace formed in 0.11-0.09 Ma. After that, the modern Min Jiang River was formed at around 27 ka.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 761-774 [Abstract] ( 481 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 6810KB] ( 220 )

	775	Zhou Jun-Shen, Shao Lei, Qiao Pei-Jun, Cui Yu-Chi, Sun Zhen, Hou Yuan-Li, Yang Yi-Kai

		Provenance analysis of the Upper Miocene turbidite sand-bodies in deep-sea basin of northern South China Sea
		The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 367/368 reported massive Upper Miocene deep-sea turbidite in the northern South China Sea basin. The Upper Miocene turbidite sand-bodies at Site U1500 were examined with detrital zircon U-Pb dating to conduct the source-to-sink analysis. This study shows that the U-Pb age spectrums of Site U1500 sample are similar to those detrital zircons from the Miocene Qiongdongnan Basin and the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot also shows that the turbidite sand-bodies at Site U1500 are closely related to the sediments in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and Qiongdongnan Basin. It is likely that the thick deep-sea turbidite succession in the deep-water basin of northern South China Sea was formed by a mixed provenance pattern during the late Miocene. On the one hand, terrigenous sediments from the west of the South China Sea were transported along the Central Canyon to the eastern South China Sea deep-sea basin in the form of turbidity current. On the other hand, terrigenous sediments were also transported from the Pearl River through the slope canyon system to the northern South China Sea in the form of gravity flow . Those mixed sediments from two different source areas have collectively deposited at the deep-sea basin and thus, give rise to turbidite sequence of hundred meters. Provenance analysis of the thick turbidites sand-bodies in the deep-sea basin is of great significance to the profound understanding of the tectonic evolution, filling processes, provenance evolution, and the palaeogeographic characteristics of the Cenozoic basins of the South China Sea.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 775-784 [Abstract] ( 427 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3042KB] ( 210 )

NEW TECHNIQUES AND NEW METHODS

	785	Niu Yong-Bin, Xu Zi-Lu, Liu Sheng-Xin, Zhong Jian-Hua, Zhao Jia-Ru, Wang Pei-Jun

		Digital characterization and connectivity analysis of microcosmic pore structures of the Ordovician bioturbated carbonate rock reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield
		Large-scale bioturbated carbonate rock reservoirs are developed in Ordovician Yingshan and Yijianfang Formations in the Tahe Oilfield. On the basis of core observation and detailed description,through observing thin sections under polarizing microscope,cathodoluminescence microscope and scanning and analyzing the plugs by using X-ray microscope,we have conducted digital characterization of pore structures and connectivity analysis of microcosmic pore structures of the Ordovician bioturbated carbonate reservoir rocks in Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin. The results show that: (1)Because of the great difference in rock fabric between burrow fills and surrounding host rock matrix,these reservoirs are highly heterogeneous. (2)The burrow fills are mainly composed of euhedral or subhedral dolomite crystals. The pore volume sets are between 10~100 μm³,the throat radii are generally smaller than 10 μm,and the throat lengths are generally shorter than 40 μm. The dolomite intercrystalline pores are the main reservoir space for this type of reservoir,and various pores are not well developed in the host rock matrix. (3)The porosity of burrow fills is between 7% and 10%. Although the number of isolated pores is large,the volume of connected pores still accounts for a large proportion. Moreover,the topology structure of connected pores is complex,and the pore network connectivity is overall great. Through coarsening and upgrading of Representative Elementary Volume(REV)in the scale,it is found that the pores in the samples are locally connected,while the overall connectivity is relatively poor. This study accurately characterized the micro-pore structures of the bioturbated carbonate reservoirs,which can provide the required characteristic parameters for the subsequent micro-seepage simulation of the bioturbated carbonate reservoirs. In future,the digital characterization of pore structure and the microcosmic seepage simulation of this type of bioturbated carbonate reservoirs should be combined with the macroscopic distribution rules and applied to the actual reservoir evaluation,which can provide guidance for the estimation of oil-gas resources, optimization of development plans, prediction of productivity and enhancement of oil-gas recovery.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 785-798 [Abstract] ( 402 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 8395KB] ( 166 )

	799	Sheng Hui, Duan Zheng-Ming, Liu Shan-Wei, Zeng Zhe, Feng Jian-Wei

		High resolution UAV image acquisition method and modeling practice for geological outcrop with a large slope
		The observation on the outcrop in the field is one of the most direct and efficient methods to obtain the underground formation information, which provides the most direct first-hand geological data for geological science research. However, the traditional outcrop investigation, especially for the outcrop with a large slope and unreachable area, mainly relies on the inspection, measurement of the slope bottom, and photos to record outcrop information, making it difficult to accurately characterize the whole geological body. Consumer unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) with the advantages of good mobility, strong adaptability and low cost, can obtain outcrop images from a short distance, multiple perspectives and varying heights. In this paper, the image acquisition method and model construction accuracy without control points available for the geological outcrop with a large slope are discussed. Consumer UAVs is used to capture images through vertical route and then the geological model is set up. The results show that oblique photogrammetry technology combined with consumer UAVs can effectively build a large slope geological outcrop model with millimeter resolution. The model has the characteristics of high resolution, uniform resolution and high measurement accuracy up to millimeter, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of field investigation and the personnel safety risk, thus it accurately reproduces the outcrop situation with large slope in the field, providing a real and reliable data basis for the section interpretation, analysis and measurement of large slope outcrop.
		2020 Vol. 22 (4): 799-806 [Abstract] ( 396 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 5141KB] ( 175 )

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