Abstract: Objective The prognosis of the patients with low grade glioma is better than those with high grade glioma.But some of the patients with low grade glioma reccur in a short time after operation,following by the grade of the tumors increased.This study was to detect the difference and significance of p53 and MDM2 expressions in the patients with low grade glioma and recurrent and malignant development.Methods The expressions of p53 and MDM2 in 24 patients with low grade gliomas were detected and tested also with recurrent and malignant development by immunohistochemistry SP method.The relationship between p53 and MDM2 expressions of the patients was also analyzed.The difference and significance of p53 and MDM2 expression in the patients with low grade glioma and recurrent and malignant development were also investigated.Results The expressions of p53 and MDM2 were significantly increased in gliomas with recurrent and milignant development compared with low grade glioma(P＜0.05).The relavance between p53 and MDM2 expression was positive in this study;related coefficient was 0.665.Conclusion It was proved that the expressions of p53 and MDM2 played an important role in the recurrent and milignant development of low grade glioma.The expressions of p53 and MDM2 may be used as a indicator of a poor prognosis and recurrent and malignant development in low grade glioma.