Abstract: Screening and early diagnosis of cancer,when making undoubted and significant contribution to the survival rate and clinical outcome of the disease,may lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment because of the fact that some early stage cancers.Even if not detected,they are not going to cause any symptoms during the patients′ lifetime.But,the diagnosis and treatment would cause iatrogenic injury and a waste of medical resources.Based on large quantities of latest literatures worldwide,this article summarizes the ocurrent situation of cancer overdiagnosis,analyzes its adverse consequences and proposes several relevant solutions.