Abstract: Bladder cancer is a common tumor of urinary system,with a high recurrence and metastasis rate after radical resection alone.The main treatment methods are surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy,and the five-year survival rate is 60%~80%.In the exploration of reducing recurrence,metastasis and prolonging survival,the guidelines recommend cisplatin-based chemotherapy as the standard neoadjuvant treatment.However,some patients cannot tolerate chemotherapy or are insensitive to chemotherapy,so the application rate of neoadjuvant therapy is low and has not been widely developed.Programmed death factor 1(PD-1)and programmed death factor ligand 1(PD-L1)are important immune checkpoint co-suppressive molecules,which participate in the immune escape of tumors by inhibiting T cell activation and proliferation pathways.In recent years,batches of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been approved for first-line and second-line treatment of locally advanced bladder cancer,and their efficacy and safety have been confirmed.Therefore,some recent studies have explored the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for neoadjuvant therapy.This article mainly reviews and summarizes the relevant studies in recent years,and explores the prospect and possible development directions of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in neoadjuvant therapy for bladder cancer.

Key words: Bladder cancer, Programmed death receptor-1, Programmed death ligand-1, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, Neoadjuvant therapy