Objective The Objectives of this study were to investigate whether the incidence of thyroid cancer is high in Pingtan comprehensive experimental area,and analyze its incidence characteristics.Methods Thyroid cancer cases with the onset date from 2013 to 2015 in Pingtan were extacted from The Fujian Cancer Incidence Reporting.The basic information and diagnostic information were verified by examining the medical records of the hospital,and non-registered cases were excluded from follow-up.The crude incidence,standard rate and cumulative rate were calculated;the incidence of thyroid cancer in different genders and ages were analyzed;the composition of different pathological types and tumors of different sizes were compared.The standardization rate of China′s population was calculated according to the standard population composition of China in 2000 and the standardization rate of the world population was calculated according to the world population composition of Segi′s.Results From 2013 to 2015,there were 881 new cases of thyroid cancer in Pingtan comprehensive experimental area;They were 205 male and 676 female.The crude incidence of thyroid cancer was 69.30/100 000 and the age-standardized rate was 65.27/100 000 by Chinese standard population;the crude incidence and age-standardized rate of males were 31.78/100 000 and 29.87/100 000,respectively;107.95/100 000 and 101.19/100 000 for female;the incidence of females was 3.18 times than that of males.The median age of onset in men and women was 46 and 47 years old,respectively.Males reached the peak of incidence in the 40-age group,and females form two peaks in the 45-age group and the 55-age group.Papillary carcinoma,follicular carcinoma,medullary carcinoma and others pathological types accounted for 96.52%,1.80%,0.60% and 1.08%,respectively.Microcarcinomas with the largest diameter ≤10 mm accounted for 77.29%.Conclusion The incidence of thyroid cancer in Pingtan comprehensive experimental area is higher than the average levels of Fujian province and the nation.Papillary carcinoma is the main type,and the proportion of microcarcinoma is relatively high.

Objective The aims of this study were to analyze the trend of colorectal cancer death level and the probability of premature death caused by colorectal cancer in Jinshan district,Shanghai from 1980 to 2018,and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures of colorectal cancer.Methods The death cases of colorectal cancer were collected in Jinshan district from 1980 to 2018 through the cause registration information system.The colorectal cancer crude mortality in different periods,standardized mortality,age group mortality,early death probability and annual change percentage were calculated.Results From 1980 to 2018,the crude mortality of colorectal cancer in Jinshan district showed an upward trend(APC=2.41%,P＜0.001),and the standardized mortality showed a downward trend(APC=-1.21%,P＜0.001).During 39 years,the mortality of colorectal cancer in the 30~69 years old group did not increase or decrease in men(APC=-0.73%,P=0.070),and the decline in women(APC =-1.80%,P＜0.001).However,there was no obvious upward and downward trend in women colorectal cancer between 2000—2009 and 2010—2018(APC=-3.36%,2.19%,P=0.266,0.465).During 39 years,the probability of early death of male colorectal cancer showed a downward trend(APC=-1.71%,P＜0.001),but there was no obvious upward and downward trend between 2000—2009 and 2010—2018(APC=-2.90%,-2.36%,P=0.150,0.286).During the same period,the probability of early death in female colorectal cancer patients showed a downward trend(APC=-1.96%,P＜0.001),and there was no obvious upward and downward trend between 2000—2009 and 2010—2018(APC=-5.70%,0.19%,P=0.075,0.946).Conclusion Colorectal cancer is one of the most serious malignant tumors threatening the health of residents in Jinshan district.Since 2000,the standardized mortality and early death probability of colorectal cancer in men and women have not shown a significant downward trend.Targeted health interventions and public health policies should be adopted to reduce colorectal cancer mortality and premature death.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the radiation therapy(RT)of modified metal organic frameworks(Zr metal organic frameworks,Zr-MOF)based on quercetin(QU;3,3 ′,4 ′,5,7-5 hydroxyflavone)combined with doxorubicin(DOX)on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer HeLa cells.Methods HeLa cells were divided into the control group,RT group,doxorubicin treatment group(Zr-MOF-DOX+RT),QU treatment group(Zr-MOF-QU+RT),and combined treatment group(Zr-MOF-QU-DOX+RT).The cell clone formation assay was used to detect proliferation of HeLa cells in each treatment group.Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the expression of apoptotic protein Caspase-3 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)in HeLa cells.Results The cell proliferation in the combined group was significantly lower than that of the other groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expression of HIF-1α protein in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the other groups(P＜0.05),and the expression of Caspase-3 protein in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the other treatment groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Quercetin-labeled metal organic framework radiotherapy combined with doxorubicin has a more significant inhibitory effect on HeLa cells.The combined treatment group has a strong effect on antitumor by up-regulating the expression of apoptotic protein Caspase-3 and down-regulating HIF-1α.

Objective To investigate the effect of protein arginine methyltransferase 5(PRMT5)on the biological behavior of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods The expression of PRMT5 was detected with Western blot in normal liver cell line LO2 and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 cells.siRNA technology was used to knockdown the expression of PRMT5 and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of HepG2 and Huh7 cells.The protein expression of protein kinase B(AKT)and phosphorylated protein kinase B(P-AKT)was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with LO2 cells,PRMT5 was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and Huh7(P＜0.05).Inhibition of PRMT5 expression could promote apoptosis of HCC cells.The expression of P-AKT was decreased when knocked-down the expression of PRMT5 gene(P＜0.01).Conclusion PRMT5 may promote HCC(Hepatocellular Carcinoma)cell apoptosis by regulating AKT pathway.Therefore,PRMT5 may be a potential biomarker and promising therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective The aim of this study was to detect the expression of lncRNA PSMA3-AS1 in glioma tissues and cell lines(U251、LN229、T98G and A172)and its effect on glioma cells.Methods Quantitative qRT-PCR method was used to evaluate the expression of PSMA3-AS1 in 35 glioma tissues;Combined with TCGA databases,the correlation between PSMA3-AS1 expression and the degree of malignancy and the prognosis of glioma patients was analyzed;Cell proliferation and invasion were explored in U251 and T98G glioma cells;The effects of PSMA3-AS1 on invasion related proteins MMP-2/9 in glioma cells were detected by Western blot assay.Results TCGA database indicated that PSMA3-AS1 was increased in glioma tissues,and the expression of PSMA3-AS1 in 35 paired glioma tissues and glioma cells was significantly increased than in adjacent normal brain tissues(P＜0.05).The expression of PSMA3-AS1 was correlated with tumor mean diameter(P=0.007),and high PSMA3-AS1 exhibited poorer overall survival in glioma patients(P=0.042).After knockdown the level of PSMA3-AS1,the proliferation and invasion abilities of glioma cells were significantly inhibited and the expression of MMP-2/MMP9 were decreased in glioma cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion The level of PSMA3-AS1 is significantly higher in glioma tissues with a role of promoting cancer in glioma and may be a potential therapeutic target.

Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the expressions of programmed death-ligand1(PD-L1)and metastasis associated gene 1(MTA1)in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa tissues as well as their correlation and clinical significance of clinical pathology parameters.Methods The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PD-L1 and MTA1 in 45 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and 20 cases of normal oral mucosa tissues,and to analyze the correlation between their clinical pathological parameters and the expression of PD-L1 and MTA1.Results The positive rates of PD-L1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa tissues were 75.56% and 15%,respectively.The positive rates of MTA1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa tissues were 66.67% and 10%,respectively.The differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expression of PD-L1 and MTA1 was related to the TNM stage of oral squamous cell carcinoma(P＜0.05),and the expression of PD-L1 and MTA1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues was correlated(r=0.34,P＜0.01).Conclusion PD-L1 and MTA1 may play an important role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma,and may become a potential new joint target.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the changes of tumor histopathological information of breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its effect on prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis of 177 patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy who were admitted to the Department of Breast Surgery of Liaoning Cancer Hospital from January 2014 to May 2016 was conducted to determine the changes of tumor histopathological information before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The effects of residual tumor histopathological information on disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)were analyzed.Results The median follow-up time of 177 breast cancer patients was 37 months.The 37-month disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate were 84.0% and 95.0%,respectively.The 4-year disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate were 79.7% and 81.1%,respectively.The independent risk factors of DFS in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy were the original T stage,the original N stage,the presence of vascular invasion,and increasing Ki-67 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The independent risk factors of OS were the original T stage and the original N stage.The changes of ER status,PR status and HER-2 status before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were not related to the prognosis of patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion The molecular biological indexes ER,PR,HER-2 and Ki-67 can be changed for breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy,but it has nothing to do with the prognosis of breast cancer patients.The T stage of the original tumor,the N stage of the original tumor,the presence of vascular invasion and the increasing Ki-67 are the risk factors that affect the DFS of patients with breast cancer.The original tumor T stage and N stage are the risk factors that affect the OS of patients with breast cancer.

Objective The Objective of this study was to explore the application value of ultrasonic bladder volume monitoring technology in intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)after operation of cervical cancer.Methods A total of 56 patients with cervical cancer who underwent IMRT after radical operation in our hospital from October 2018 to October 2019 were selected and divided into the observation and control groups with a random number table method,28 cases in each group.The patients in the observation group were monitored the bladder volume by the ultrasonic bladder volume meter,and the patients in the control group were instructed orally by doctors to feel subjectively the degree of bladder filling.The difference of three-dimensional target displacement error,homogeneity index(HI),conformability index(CI)and the percentage of irradiated volume of bladder,small intestine,rectum and femoral head were compared between patients in the observation and control groups.The intestinal adverse reactions during radiotherapy were also compared between patients in two groups.Results The displacement errors in the head,foot and ventral directions in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001),but the displacement errors in the left and right directions of the two groups was no differences between patients in the two groups(P＞0.05).The HI in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no differences in CI between patients in the two groups(P＞0.05);the percentage of irradiated volume of the bladder and small intestine in the observation group was significantly smaller than that in the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no differences in the percentage of irradiated volume of rectum and femoral head between patients in the two groups(P＞0.05).There was no difference in the incidence of diarrhea between patients in the two groups(P＞0.05),but the time of diarrhea in the control group was earlier than that in the observation group.Conclusion The use of ultrasonic bladder volume monitoring technology to maintain the consistency of bladder filling in IMRT after cervical cancer surgery can reduce the displacement error of target area,increase the accuracy of target area delineation,ensure the effective radiation dose of the target area,protect the physiological function of endangered organs at a certain extent,and reduce the response to radiotherapy,it should be promoted and applied in clinical practice.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is safe and reliable to reduce the size of radiotherapy field under the guidance of PET/CT in stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)in the era of immunochemotherapy.Methods Fifty-seven patients with the stage Ⅰ~Ⅱ DLBCL who had CR/PR and PET/CT examination records after chemoradiotherapy in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups of CTV expansion at the upper and lower limits of the target area for comparison.The first research purposes compared their rates of overall survival and progression-free survival.The secondary research purposes compared survival rate without distant metastasis,recurrence pattern and side effects of radiotherapy.Results Median follow-up was 31.1 months;The 5-year overall survival rate,progression-free survival rate,and no distant metastasis survival rate for the CTV≤4.74 cm and CTV＞4.74 cm groups in the upper limit of the radiation field were 96.3% and 77.1%(P=0.135),96.3% and 59.5%(P=0.013),96.3% and 69.3%(P=0.038),respectively;Narrowing the upper limit of the target area in the CR group could extend PFS and DMFS(P=0.023).Multi-factor analysis showed that the upper limit of the target area ≤4.74 cm was an independent protective factor of PFS(P=0.039).Among them,side effects related to long-term radiotherapy of grade 2 or higher occurred in the CTV ＞4.74 cm group(P=0.026).Conclusion For CR or PR evaluation after chemotherapy,it is feasible to reduce the upper bound of the target area of early DLBCL to CTV ≤ 4.74 cm(INRT ≤ 5 cm)and reduce the lower bound to CTV ≤8.5 cm(INRT ≤8 cm).While ensuring the benefits of long-term survival,it can also reduce the incidence of long-term radiotherapy side effects and does not increase local recurrence and distant metastasis.

Objective The Objectives of this study were to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of three external radiation radiotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer,and to compare dosimetry of the planning target volume(PTV)with various crisis organs.Methods A total of 90 patients with cervical cancer(stage II B or above)who were treated in our hospital from September 2015 to October 2019 were randomly divided into three ABC groups(30 patients/group).The radiotherapy plans of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT),the fixed field static intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)and volume rotation intensity modulated radiotherapy(VMAT)were compared in the dosimetry.The advantages and disadvantages of three types of cervical cancer radiotherapy were discussed in combination with three-dimensional after loading equivalent biological doses.Results In terms of external irradiation target area,the average dose of PTV,conformity index CI and uniformity index HI of planned targets in overall three groups were statistically different(P＜0.05).The average dose,index HI and conformity index CI in the group A were significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P＜0.05).In terms of crisis organs by external exposure,the bladder,colorectal and small intestine of three plans of ABC were significant different(P＜0.05).Further comparison showed that the average dose of small intestine in the group A was higher over 13.7% than that in the group B,and higher over 28% than that in the group C(P＜0.05).The average dose of bladder was lower less 19.8% and 15.2% lower than that in the group B and C,respectively(P＜0.05).The average dose of colorectal was lower less 26.1% and 19.4% than that in the group B and C,respectively(P＜0.05).The average dose of small intestine in the group B was similar with the group C,there was no statistical difference(P＞0.05).The average doses of bladder and colorectal in the group B were higher over 5.7% and 9.1% than those in the group C,respectively(P＜0.05).The treatment time of group A was(135.5±27.6)s.the treatment time of group B was 7.6 times than that of group A and 4.8 times than that of group C.The target dose and organ-endangered dose of external irradiation combined with intracavitary irradiation in the three groups of ABC could meet the clinical requirements.Conclusion Volume-modulated intensity-modulated radiotherapy for patients with intermediate and advanced cervical cancer has certain advantages over other two schemes in terms of dose conformation at the target area and protection of endangered organs.“Half-field”conformal radiotherapy combined with three-dimensional brachytherapy at the target area also meets the clinical requirements."Half-field" three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy has the advantages of short treatment time and high plan execution efficiency.It has a significant price advantage compared with IMRT and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignant tumor with a 5-year survival rate less than 8%.The prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer who can undergo radical surgery is significantly different from that of those who have not undergone surgery.Simple surgical treatment can only increase the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer to about 10%.The main reason is that the recurrence and metastasis rates are still extremely high after surgery alone,and the quality of patient life with recurrence and metastasis is poor,their prognosis is extremely poor,and the long-term survival time is short.Therefore,it is of great significance to seek more effective adjuvant therapy or regimen for pancreatic cancer surgery,and to carry out standardized,rational and comprehensive drug therapy,to control micrometastasis,and to prevent and delay recurrence.This research field is also the focus on research direction about pancreatic cancer in recent years.This article is based on the recent research and development of postoperative treatment of pancreatic cancer,exploring survival benefit of different drugs and different treatment options after pancreatic cancer surgery and the development trend of postoperative treatment of pancreatic cancer,providing a valuable reference for postoperative treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Diallyltrisulfide is a unique component of a sulfur-containing compound in garlic,and it is a complex of multiple sulfur-containing compounds.Studies have shown that diallyltrisulfide can inhibit the proliferation of a variety of tumor cells.In recent years,many studies have attracted much attention on the inhibitory effect of diallyltrisulfide on proliferation of digestive tract tumor cells.A large number of studies have shown that diallyltrisulfide can inhibit the growth of esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,pancreatic cancer and colon cancer cells,and its mechanism of action is related to affecting cell signal transduction,inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis.The mechanism of diallyltrisulfide inhibiting the proliferation of gastrointestinal tumor cells is a more complicated cell biological process,and the specific mechanism has not yet been fully clarified at present.Therefore,this paper briefly reviews the relevant research progress of the mechanism of diallyltrisulfide inhibiting proliferation of gastrointestinal tumor cells.

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI)is a very valuable quantitative MRI technology,which has good application value in improving the sensitivity of tumor diagnosis,identifying benign and malignant tumors,and classifying tumors.This article reviews the current status of DCE-MRI studies on staging,efficacy evaluation,and differentiation of scar fibrosis and tumor recurrence after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.This will be as a reference for colleagues.

Triple positive breast cancer is a special type of breast cancer.Although the incidence is low,this type of breast cancer is prone to axillary lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.These clinicopathological characteristics have attracted great attention.Therefore,the choice of adjuvant therapy options has become an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients with triple positive breast cancer.This review is to integrate the research results from domestic and international to provide a more reasonable individualized treatment plan for patients with triple positive breast cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological malignancy in women from European and the United States.Its pathogenesis is complex pathogenesis and easy to recurrence.The prognosis is still poor after active treatment.At present,immunotherapy has become a new type of anti-tumor therapy after traditional therapies,in which programmed cell death receptor-1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1)inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of various malignant tumors including melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer,and other malignant tumors.However,their effects on the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer need to be studied.This article summarizes the progress of PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressive agents in ovarian cancer and the treatment of side effects,and explores the feasibility of applying immunosuppressive agents to ovarian cancer,which brings hope for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

At present,for cancer patients who are sensitive to radiotherapy and have no chance of surgery,concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the main treatment.Reasonable radiotherapy efficacy monitoring indicators can provide a reference value for the evaluation of prognosis for cancer patients.Platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR)is one of indicators for evaluating body′s inflammatory response.Compared with the lymphocyte and platelet counts alone,PLR can reflect the inflammatory state of patients more accurately and sensitively.The literature has reported the correlation between PLR and malignant tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and has received more and more attention in the evaluation of patient prognosis.This article will review the research progress of PLR in the prognosis of malignant tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

In recent years,the importance of autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid(ATX-LPA)signaling pathway in the development of colorectal cancer has gradually been widely recognized by the medical community.LPA signals can induce various cellular processes including wound healing,differentiation,proliferation,migration,and survival through at least 6 G Protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),that is,LPA_1-6.It is very important to maintain the function of intestinal epithelial barrier and promote the survival,proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells.Therefore,this article reviews the relationship between the ATX-LPA signaling pathway and colorectal cancer-related inflammation discovered in recent years,and the effect of colorectal cancer-related inflammation discovered in recent years,and the effect of this signaling pathway on the development of colorectal cancer.It also reviews LPA and related molecules in colorectal cancer treatment and predicting prospects.

Human papilloma virus(HPV)infection is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer.At present,many studies have shown that HPV protein is directly or indirectly involved in the occurrence of chronic inflammation,thereby promoting tumor development.Non-coding RNA(microRNA;miRNAs)is a regulator of gene expression and a key player in the inflammatory pathway.The abnormal expression of miRNAs may be related to the inflammatory response of cervical cancer.Exosomes are vesicles secreted by cells from the outside of cells,and these vesicles can act as a carrier to bind to the receptor.Recent studies have found that exosomes are involved in the inflammatory process and affect the immune response.In this review,we discuss the research progress of HPV proteins,miRNAs and exosomes in the inflammatory effects of cervical cancer.

Early gastric cancer is defined as cancerous foci that are confined to the mucosa or submucosal layer,regardless of the size of the lesion and the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis.Studies have confirmed that lymph node metastasis is an independent prognostic factor for early gastric cancer,and has important clinical significance for assessing the prognosis of early gastric cancer patients and guiding treatment.There are many methods for assessing lymph node metastasis in the early gastric cancer.CT and ultrasound endoscopy are often used to evaluate lymph node metastasis in the early gastric cancer.In addition,pathological biopsy,molecular markers,and sentinel lymph node tracking biopsy are also used in the early gastric cancer.It plays an important role in the evaluation of this disease.This article reviews the current status of assessment methods for lymph node metastasis in the early gastric cancer.