Objective To estimate the morbidity and mortality of cancer and its epidemic characteristics in Jiangsu,2016. Methods Registration data in 2016 from 41 registries in Jiangsu was qualified after assessment and accepted as pooled data for final analysis by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2019.Stratified by areas(urban or rural),gender,age group and cancer sites,the incidence/mortality rates of pooled registration data were calculated,respectively.Combined with the provincial population data in 2016,new cancer cases and deaths in Jiangsu were estimated.And the crude incidence/mortality rates,age-standardized incidence/mortality rates by Chinese standard population,age-standardized incidence/mortality rates by World standard population,cumulative incidence/mortality rate(0~74 years old)and the rank of 10 leading cancers were calculated,respectively.Chinese population census in 2000 and World Segi's standard population were used for age-standardized. Results It was estimated that there were 254.1 thousands new cancer cases in Jiangsu in 2016,with a crude incidence rate of 327.48/100,000,age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASR China)of 182.61/100,000,age-standardized incidence rate by World Segi's standard population(ASR world)of 178.85/100,000 and a cumulative incidence rate of 20.98% for 0~74 years.Cancers of lung,stomach,esophagus,colorectum,liver and female breast were the most common cancer in Jiangsu.The estimated number of deaths for malignant tumor was 168.7 thousand in Jiangsu in 2016,with a crude mortality rate of 217.44/100,000,ASR China mortality of 109.30/100,000,ASR World mortality of 107.94/100,000 and a cumulative mortality rate of 12.15% for 0~74 years.Lung cancer,stomach cancer,esophageal cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer were the most common causes of cancer related death in Jiangsu.It was estimated that more than 81% of new cancer cases and over 91% of cancer deaths in Jiangsu occurred in the population aged 50 years and older,particularly in the population aged 60 years and older. Conclusion The burden of cancer showed a continuous upward trend in Jiangsu,with a cancer pattern of presenting the coexistence of the cancer patterns in developed and developing countries.In order to reduce the mortality of cancer,comprehensive cancer prevention and control program should be implemented based on the specific situation in different areas and different cancer sites.

Objective To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality in Ningxia,2016. Methods Cancer incidence and mortality data were collected by Ningxia cancer registration system,data were assessed and pooled by Ningxia Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Cancer incidence and mortality stratified by gender and region were analyzed.Crude rate,age-standardized rate(ASR),age-specific and region-specific rates,cumulative rate and truncated rate were calculated.The proportion and rates of 10 common cancers in different groups were also calculated. Results In 2016,the incidence rate of all cancer sites in Ningxia was 231.23/10⁵(246.33/10⁵ in males,217.59/10⁵ in females),the age-standardized rate(ASR)China was 183.36/10⁵ and the ASR World was 179.37/10⁵.The incidence of all cancer sites in the urban was higher than that in the rural,and the incidence of males was higher than the females.The most common cancers in Ningxia was breast cancer,lung cancer,stomach cancer,liver cancer,and cervix cancer.The mortality rate of all cancer sites in Ningxia was 115.10/10⁵(147.38/10⁵ in males,85.93/10⁵ in females),the ASR China was 88.61/10⁵ and the ASR World was 87.16/10⁵.The mortality of all cancer sites in the rural was higher than that in the urban,and the mortality of males was higher than the females,too.The leading causes of cancer death were lung,stomach,liver,colorectal cancer and esophagus cancer.The population age 50+ included nearly 80% incidence of cancer and 90% mortality of cancer. Conclusion The standardized incidence rate of Ningxia in 2016 was lower than the national average in 2015 but higher than the western areas.Breast cancer,lung cancer,stomach cancer,liver cancer and cervix cancer are the most common cancers of incidence in Ningxia,comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be implemented for the most common cancers and among the high risk population in Ningxia province.

Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of cancer in Sichuan cancer registries in 2015,and to provide reference for cancer prevention and control. Methods The data of 2015 were collected from 24 cancer registries in 2018.Incidence/mortality rate were stratified by gender,age group and regions.Crude rate,age-standardized rate[By Chinese(2000)and Segi's population],cumulative rate(0~74 years old)and top 10 leading cancers were calculated. Results In 2015,the incidence rate of cancer was 256.11/100,000(303.60/100,000 in males and 207.19/100,000 in females;267.34/100,000 in urban areas and 250.44/100,000 in rural areas).And the age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC)and by Segi's population(ASIRW)were 169.39/100,000 and 167.96/100,000 respectively.The cumulative rate(0~74 years old)was 19.51%.Lung cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,stomach cancer and colorectal cancer were the most common cancer in Sichuan.The mortality rate of cancer was 175.59/100,000(231.50/100,000 in males and 117.98/100,000 in females;177.88/100,000 in urban areas and 174.43/100,000 in rural areas),the age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC)and by Segi's population(ASMRW)were 112.14/100,000 and 111.73/100,000 respectively,and the cumulative rate(0~74 years old)was 12.62%.Lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer were the most common causes of cancer death in Sichuan. Conclusion The incidence and mortality of cancers in Sichuan were at the average level in western China and lower than national average.Lung cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,stomach cancer,colorectal cancer and female breast cancer were the most common cancers in Sichuan.Population aged 50 and above were high risk of cancer.Comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be implemented for the most common cancer and among the high risk population.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of cancer in Liaoning cancer registries in 2016. Methods Collect the incidence and mortality data of cancer reported by cancer registration(35 counties and districts)in Liaoning province in 2016,and calculate the incidence and mortality,standardized rate,cumulative rate(0-74 years old)and age group rate,The China 2000 Population Census data and Segi's standard population were used for calculating age-standardized rates. Results In 2016,the incidence of cancer in Liaoning cancer registries was 383.54/100,000,and Age-standardized incidence rates by World standard population and by Chinese standard population were 200.06/100,000 and 204.44/100,000,and age-standard incidence rate by Chinese standard population for urban areas(201.40/100,000)was higher than that in rural areas.(186.43/100,000);the incidence of 40-year-olds and above increased rapidly,reaching a peak in the 80-year-old group;the incidence of cancer in urban men and women in 35-year-olds and above was higher than that in rural men and women;lung cancer,colorectal cancer and breast cancer are the most cancer in Liaoning province.In 2016,the mortality of cancer was 249.79/100,000,the Age-standardized mortality rates by World standard population and by Chinese standard population were 123.00/100,000 and 124.32/100,000.The mortality in urban areas(121.93/100,000)was lower than that in rural areas(131.03/100,000).The peak age-specific mortality of cancer is in the 80-year-old group.The mortality of males in all age groups of 20-79 years old in rural areas is higher than that in city,and the mortality of females in 55-79 years old is higher than that in rural areas.Lung cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer are the cancer with the highest mortality in Liaoning province. Conclusion The incidence and mortality of cancer in Liaoning province are higher than the national level.Overall,the incidence and mortality are higher in males than females,urban incidence is higher than rural,rural mortality is higher than urban,the difference in urban and rural residents'cancer burden is obvious.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of high-risk population of "five cancers"(lung cancer,liver cancer,upper gastrointestinal cancer,colorectal cancer and breast cancer)of permanent residents in Baoan district,Shenzhen,so as to better carry out early prevention,early diagnosis and early treatment work of high-risk populations. Methods The risk assessment model of high-risk groups(provided by the National Cancer Center)was used to evaluate the high-risk groups with five cancers at the initial screening,and the high-risk groups were further clinically examined. Results From 2017 to 2019,a total of 6072 cases were completed.The overall high-risk rate of cancer was 55.55%.The high-risk rates of lung cancer,liver cancer,upper gastrointestinal cancer,colorectal cancer and female breast cancer were 13.87%,19.60%,25.76%,15.27and 29.77%,respectively.The high-risk rates of single cancer species,two cancer species,three cancer species,four cancer species and five cancer species were 31.35%,15.47%,6.19%,2.08% and 0.56%,respectively.The high-risk rates of lung cancer,upper gastrointestinal cancer and colorectal cancer were higher in men than in women,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Lung cancer,upper gastrointestinal and colorectal cancer had a higher risk rate among people aged 50~69 years old,and liver cancer and female breast cancer had higher risk rates among people aged 40~69 years old,especially between 40-49 years old highest(P＜0.01).The detection rate of suspected lung cancer was 3.16%,the positive rate of liver occupation was 22.45%,the positive rate of upper gastrointestinal polyps was 22.09%,the detection rate of colorectal cancer was 0.33%,and detection rates of breast BI-RADS3 and BI-RADS4 were 17.62% and 0.82%,respectively. Conclusion This analysis has initially revealed the high-risk rate of the 5 types of cancer population in Baoan district,Shenzhen,and clarified the indicators such as clinical screening compliance and detection rate,providing theoretical reference for further optimization of population cancer screening and early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective The Objective of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)HCP5 in triple-negative breast cancer. Methods The mRNA content of HCP5 in breast cancer cell lines and normal breast cell lines was analyzed by qPCR,and the RNA Scope method was used to analyze the expression of HCP5 in breast tissues and breast cancer tissues.The effect of knocking-down HCP5 on the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells was analyzed by CCK-8 and cell survival/death experiments.The effect of knockdown HCP5 on the proliferative ability of breast cancer cells was analyzed in nude mice.Antibody microarray technique was used to analyze the effect of knockdown HCP5 on the expression of BIRC3 and caspase-3 proteins in the apoptotic pathway. Results Compared with normal breast cells and other types of breast cancer cells,HCP5 was up-regulated in triple negative breast cancer cell lines(P＜0.05).Compared with normal breast tissues and other subtypes of breast cancers,HCP5 in triple negative breast cancer tissues were up-regulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,triple-negative breast cancer cells in the HCP5 knockdown group were decreased proliferation,increased apoptosis of triple negative breast cancer cells,and inhibited the growth of orthotopic tumor in nude mice(P＜0.01).Knockdown of HCP5 caused a decrease expression of apoptotic inhibitor BIRC3 and an increase expression of Caspase-3 in the apoptotic pathway,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no difference in the effect on the MAPK signaling pathway protein between wild and HCP5 knockdown groups. Conclusion lncRNA HCP5 promotes the malignant progression of triple negative breast cancer through regulating the apoptotic pathway.

Objective The aims of this study were to determine the effects of miR-182 on the proliferation and invasion of rectal cancer cells,and the regulation of Foxo3a/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Methods Rectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues that were surgically removed from June 2016 to July 2019 were collected,and human rectal cancer HT29,SW620,and HCT-116 cell lines and normal intestinal epithelial HIEC cells were cultured to detect the expression of miR-182.SW620 cells were treated in these following groups:the control group was treated with RPMI-1640 without drugs;the NC group was transfected with NC mimics and the miR-182 group was transfected with miR-182 mimics.The MTS assay was used to detect proliferation activity,Transwell was used to detect invasion activity,and Western blot was used to detect the expression of Foxo3a/Wnt/β-catenin pathway molecules in SW620 cells. Results The expression of miR-182 in rectal cancer tissues(2.14±0.55)was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues(1.06±0.24)(P＜0.05);the expression of miR-182 in HT29,SW620 and HCT-116 cells were significantly higher than that in HIEC cells(P＜0.05),and the expression of miR-182 in SW620 cells increased most significantly;Proliferation activity in the miR-182 group(0.92±0.15)was significantly higher than that in the control group(0.52±0.08)and the NC group(0.55±0.07)(P＜0.05);The number of invasion in the miR-182 group(39.49±7.61)was significantly more than that of the control group(23.25±5.85)and the NC group(21.84±4.77)(P＜0.05);The number of migration in the miR-182 group(44.12±9.29)was significantly more than that in the control group(29.39±6.18)and the NC group(32.83±6.68)(P＜0.05);The expression of Foxo3a in the miR-182 group(0.36±0.07)was significantly lower than that in the control group(0.83±0.15)and the NC group(0.86±0.12)(P＜0.05);The expression of Wnt2 in the miR-182 group(0.86±0.15)was significantly higher than that in the control group(0.62±0.09)and the NC group(0.58±0.07)(P＜0.05);The expression of β-catenin in the miR-182 group(0.79±0.15)was significantly higher than that in the control group(0.41±0.07)and the NC group(0.45±0.08)(P＜0.05). Conclusion miR-182 can promote the proliferation and invasion of rectal cancer cells,and its mechanism may be related to targeting Foxo3a/Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)and angiogenic proteins vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in primary testicular lymphoma(PTL),and to analyze the relationship between the expression of CXCR4 and VEGF with CNS invasion and prognosis. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of CXCR4 and VEGF proteins in 59 PTL tumor tissues and analyze the relationships of CXCR4 and VEGF expression with various clinical pathological features and prognosis. Results Patients with high expression of CXCR4 and VEGF protein were more prone to central nervous system infiltration;The expression of CXCR4 was correlated to the VEGF expression(φ=0.423,P=0.001);The expression of CXCR4 protein were related to Ann Arbor stage,IPI score,serum LDH level,Ki67;The expression of VEGF protein were related to Ann Arbor stage,IPI score,B symptoms,serum LDH level,recurrence,complete remission status;Univariate analysis confirmed that staging,IPI score,B symptoms,serum LDH level,CNS involvement,complete remission status;The expression of CXCR4 and VEGF proteins were significantly related to the patient's PFS and are important factors for poor prognosis. Conclusion Patients with high expression of CXCR4 and VEGF protein have a higher risk of central nervous system invasion.Therefore,they can be used as predictive indicators for patients with high expression to take preventive measures in advance to improve prognosis,and as a potential therapeutic target to provide more options for clinical treatment.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of myasthenia gravis(MG)on the prognosis of patients with thymoma after surgery,and to analyze other related factors affecting the prognosis of patients with thymoma after surgery. Methods The clinical data of 187 thymoma patients in the 8th Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from September 2002 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,139 thymoma patients complicated with myasthenia gravis(MG group)and 48 patients with simple thymoma(non-MG group).The 1∶1 nearest neighbor matching method was used to perform propensity score matching(PSM)for the two groups to achieve equilibrium within covariance.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate,and log-rank test was preformed to analyze the differences in survival rates between MG and non-MG groups.Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses for overall thymoma patients after surgery. Results Before the results were matched,the gender(χ²=4.180,P=0.041),age of diagnosis(χ²=8.590,P=0.003),WHO histological subtype(χ²=4.764,P=0.029)and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy(χ²=5.627,P=0.018)were significantly different between the MG group(n=139)and the non-MG group(n=48).The 5-year overall survival rates of patients in the MG group and non-MG group were 92.4% and 69.6%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(Log-rank test,P=0.002).After matching by the PSM method,a total of 44 of patients were successfully matched in the two groups,and there was no significantly difference in clinical baseline data between the MG and non-MG groups(P＞0.05).The 5-year overall survival rates of patients in the MG group and non-MG group patients were 90.8% and 67.3%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(Log-rank test,P=0.015).Univariate analysis for patients with overall thymoma surgery showed that Masaoka stage(HR=0.237,95% CI:0.111~0.504,P＜0.001),resection status(HR=0.250,95% CI:0.096~0.654,P=0.005),postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy(HR=0.367,95% CI:0.179~0.751,P=0.006)and MG(HR=0.336,95% CI:0.162~0.669,P=0.003)might be associated with survival prognosis of thymoma patients after surgery.Cox multivariate analysis showed that Masaoka stage was an independent prognostic factor affecting the survival of thymoma patients after surgery(HR=0.317,95% CI:0.140~0.720,P=0.006),and MG affected protective survival factors of thymoma patients after surgery(HR=0.445,95% CI:0.204~0.971,P=0.042). Conclusion For patients with operable thymoma,thymoma patients with MG have a better prognosis than those without MG.Masaoka stage is an independent prognostic factor that affects the survival of thymoma patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasound BI-RADS combined detection with serum CA15-3 and CEA in breast tumors. Methods A total of 111 patients with breast tumors from June 2019 to December 2019 were selected.The pathological results were used as the gold standard to analyze the sensitivity and accuracy of ultrasound BI-RADS,serum CA15-3 and CEA in the diaganosis of breast tumor. Results Pathological results showed 43 cases of benign lesions and 68 cases of breast cancer.Compared with patients with benign lesions,the increase in serum CA15-3 and CEA in breast cancer patients was statistically different.There was also a positive correlation between the increase of CA15-3 and CEA with breast cancer.By combining ultrasound BI-RADS with serum CA15-3 and CEA,the sensitivity for breast cancer diagnosis reached 73.5%,the accuracy increased to 83.8%,and the AUC of the ROC curve was increased to 0.957,which was higher than the results when they were used alone. Conclusion The combined detection of ultrasound BI-RADS,serum CA15-3 and CEA is an effective method to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of breast tumor diagnosis.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL)is a general term for a group of independent diseases with strong heterogeneity.In recent years,it's been found that in the tumor microenvironment,monocytes/macrophages have a certain effects on tumor growth,proliferation,immune escape and prognosis.At the same time,tumors also stimulate monocytes/macrophages.This article summarizes the current research status of monocytes/macrophages in several common NHL,summarizes the correlation between monocytes/macrophages and the prognosis of NHL patients,the interaction and mechanism of monocytes/macrophages and NHL tumor cells,and describes the possible role of monocytes/macrophages in immunotherapy of NHL.

Colorectal cancer(CRC),as the third most common cancer in the world,is one of important cause of human death.At present,the diagnostic methods for CRC are still being improved.Liquid biopsy,as an emerging non-invasive biopsy technology,has attracted widespread attention.Liquid biopsy mainly analyzes specific components of biological source liquid,which mainly include circulating tumor cells,circulating tumor DNA,cell free DNA,exosomes,tumor-educated platelets,and circulating tumor-associated microparticles.This article reviews the latest application research of the above biological source liquid specific components in the diagnosis of CRC.

Dendrobium officinale,as a traditional Chinese medicinal material in China,has the effects of reversing oxidation,anti-fatigue,regulating immunity and reducing blood sugar.In recent years,the role of dendrobium officinale in antitumor has attracted widespread attention.The results from many studies show that dendrobium officinale can act on the inhibitory effects on epithelial-derived malignant tumors through a variety of mechanisms or pathways.The growth of epithelial-derived malignant tumors can be inhibited by regulating DNA damage,reducing the expression of inflammatory factors and other ways to prevent cancer,block cancer cell cycle,inhibit tumor angiogenesis,and induce cancer cell apoptosis ways.Compared with the serious toxic and side effects of chemoradiotherapy drugs,dendrobium officinale is more natural and safer,which makes the innovation of new drug and product of dendrobium officinale have broad prospects.Based on a large amount of research data from the inhibition of epithelial-derived malignant tumors by dendrobium officinale,this paper reviews a large number of domestic and foreign research advances,and provides a basis for further development and application of dendrobium officinale.

Long-chain non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is a type of non-coding RNA molecule with a transcriptional length of more than 200 nucleotides.It is widely involved in the expression and regulation of intracellular genes in the body,and regulates various physiological and pathological processes of the body.In recent years,many studies have shown that the abnormal expression of lncRNA plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development.Among them,HOTAIR transcription antisense RNA(HOTAIR),as one of lncRNA,is closely related to the metastasis of multiple tumors,and plays a key role in the migration,invasion,metastasis and recurrence of cervical cancer.HOTAIR may be potential new tumor marker for cervical cancer.Therefore,it is important to clarify its relationship with cervical cancer and its significance in the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer.Therefore,this paper gives a brief review of related research progress of HOTAIR and cervical cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors,which seriously affects people's body and mental health.In most countries around the world,its morbidity and mortality rank first,so the necessary for early screening of people at high risk for lung cancer is increasing.With the promotion and application of low-dose computed tomography(LDCT)in various countries,the mortality of lung cancer has been significantly reduced,but at the same time it has also brought many problems,such as high false positives and overdiagnosis,to cause double burden of patient economics and psychology.More and more women are passively smoking,but they are not included in the screening of high-risk lung cancer groups;The screening lung cancer for the definition and standards of high-risk pupolation as well as the definition and standard of positive nodules have not yet been unified guideline release,etc.These issues are becoming increasingly prominent,and today many studies are facing the main difficulties and challenges.This article reviews the research status and progress of LDCT in lung cancer screening.

Mucinous breast cancer(MBC)is an aggressive tumor from the breast.It is not a common type of breast cancer,and the literature about mucinous breast cancer is relatively rare.Based on the cellular composition of the tumor,mucinous breast cancer is divided into two subtypes: pure type mucinous cancer(PMBC)and mixed type mucinous breast cancer(MMBC).This article reviews the clinical characteristics,immunophenotype,genomics,differential diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of mucinous breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous systemic disease.Its microenvironment is mainly composed of tumor cells and a variety of non-tumor cells.Among them,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)play an important role in tumorigenesis and development.MSCs can interact with tumor cells and their microenvironment directly through gap junctions,membrane receptors and microtubules,or indirectly through soluble molecules.Tumor-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)are derived from adjacent cancer fibroblasts or MSCs,and play an important role in tumor drug resistance.In breast cancer,tumor stem cells and their microenvironment are in a dynamic equilibrium state,and their phenotype is closely regulated by cytokines.Interstitial cells have an important effect on their biological characteristics through their interaction with breast cancer cells.In addition,interstitial cells can change the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs,which in turn make them resistant.Therefore,addressing tumor stromal cell-mediated resistance to chemotherapy is the key to successful treatment of advanced breast cancer.This article mainly describes the research progress of stromal cells in the microenvironment mediated chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer.