Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the screening effect of breast cancer in Shenyang,Liaoning province.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to collect the screening data of 40~74 years old women who participated in breast cancer screening in Shenyang area of Liaoning from November 2016 to March 2019.The women who met the requirements were assessed with the cancer prevention risk assessment questionnaire,and the high-risk groups were evaluated for further clinical examination.Results A total of 57664 women participated in the high-risk assessment of breast cancer.Amongst of them,18885 women as the high-risk for breast cancer were assessed,and 5664 women participated in the clinical examination of breast cancer.The positive(BI-RADS 4-5)detection rate was 6.59% in the age group of 50~59 years(χ²=10.34,P=0.006).The positive rate of heterogeneously dense and extremely dense breast type was higher than that of fat type and fibroglandular type(χ²=22.05,P＜0.001).The positive detection rate of mammography in all age groups was higher than that of ultrasound in parenchyma type except for fat type.Conclusion Women aged 50~59 years old are the key population of breast cancer prevention and control,and the detection advantage of ultrasound in the positive cases of dense breast was not obvious.

Objective The Objective of this study was to investigate the expression of NADPH oxidase-4(NOX4)in colon cancer and to explore its relationship with the prognosis of colon cancer.Methods Eighty paraffin specimens of colon cancer patients treated in our hospital from January to December 2015 were selected for immunohistochemical staining.The COAD data set of colon cancer was obtained from the Cancer and Tumor Gene Atlas(TCGA)database to observe the expression of NOX4 in colon cancer and its prognostic value.Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the genes and signal pathways related to NOX4.A nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients,and the C index was used to evaluate the prediction effect of nomogram.According to the prognosis risk score,patients were divided into the high-risk group and the low-risk group,and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the prognosis of the two groups.Results The expression of NOX4 in colon cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal intestinal mucosa tissues,and its expression level increased with the increase of cancer stage.The prognosis of patients with high expression of NOX4 was worse than those with low expression(P＜0.05).The results of gene enrichment analysis showed that NOX4 might be involved in the regulation of tumor-related signal pathways such as JAK-STAT,MAPK,TGF-β and WNT,and the production and secretion of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6.The results of Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that age,N stage,M stage,postoperative chemotherapy and the expression of NOX4 were independent risk factors affecting OS in colon cancer patients.These factors were used to establish a nomogram for predicting OS in patients with colon cancer,the C index was 0.735(internal validation)and 0.727(external validation).The calibration curve showed that the nomogram had better predictive performance.Conclusion The expression of NOX4 in colon cancer tissues is significantly increased,and it is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of colon cancer patients.The constructed prognosis model based on NOX4 has a good predictive power.

Objective The aim of this study was to verify that long noncoding RNA SOX2OT(SOX2OT)enhanced the multidrug resistance(MDR)of colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells,and explored its possible effective mechanism on SOX2OT/miR-34a/SOX2 signaling pathway.Methods Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeted binding of SOX2OT to miR-34a,and miR-34a to SOX2;The SOX2OT plasmid and miR-34a were transient transfected into HCT-116 cells,and the transfection efficiency was verified by RT-qPCR;RT-qPCR was used to detect the levels of SOX2OT,miR-34a and SOX2,and the correlation amongst them were analyzed;The CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation and to assess the influence of SOX2OT and miR-34a on the chemosensitivity of HCT-116 cells to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU),vincristine(VCR),cisplatin(CDDP),and paclitaxel(Taxol).Results There was a targeting relationship between SOX2OT and miR-34a,and miR-34a with SOX2;The SOX2OT inhibited miR-34a(P＜0.05)and upregulated the level of SOX2(P＜0.01);The MiR-34a down-regulated the expression of SOX2OT and SOX2(P＜0.01);The IC₅₀ values for 5-FU,VCR,CDDP,and TAXOL in HCT-116 cells were increased after transfection of SOX2OT plasmid(P＜0.01);The IC₅₀ values of four chemotherapy drugs in the co-transfected with SOX2OT and miR-34a mimic groups were significantly lower than those of the transfected SOX2OT group(P＜0.01).The IC₅₀ values of 5-FU and CDDP were not different from the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The SOX2OT sponge adsorbs miR-34a and promotes the expression of SOX2,resulting in multidrug resistance of HCT-116 cells.

Objective The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression of SKA1 in renal cell carcinoma(RCC)and its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis of RCC as well as its molecular mechanism.Methods The data set of RCC was collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA).The expression of SKA1 in renal cell carcinoma tissues and normal renal tissues,and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed.The samples of 72 patients with RCC were collected from the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2016 to September 2018.The expression of SKA1 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.786-O and ACHN cells were transfected with lentivirus vector(shSKA1)and control virus vector(shNC),respectively.A CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation;a colony formation assay was used to detect the ability of cell clone formation;annexin V-FITC was used to detect the apoptotic rate.IPA@ online bioinformatics software was used to analyze the signal transduction pathway and biological function of differential genes detected by gene expression profile chip.The levels of TNF-α,cleaved-caspase-3,cleaved-caspase-9,p-Akt,and p-mTOR proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The expression of SKA1 in RCC was significantly higher than that in normal renal tissues(P＜0.01),which was related to T,N,M(TNM)and AJCC stages of renal clear cell carcinoma and renal papillary cell carcinoma(P＜0.01).The overall survival time of patients with high expression of SKA1 was significantly shorter than that of patients with low expression of SKA1(P＜0.001).The results of tissue sample study confirmed that the expression of SKA1 in renal clear cell carcinoma was higher than that in adjacent tissues,which was consistent with the results of TCGA database analysis.Compared with the control group,the proliferation of RCC cells transfected with shSKA1 lentivirus decreased significantly,and the proportion of apoptotic cells increased(P＜0.01).IPA@ analysis showed that cell growth and proliferation ranked the first in terms of biological function enrichment,TNF was strongly activated,and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling molecules were significantly inhibited.The results of Western blot showed that the expression of TNF-α,cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-9 in the SKA1 interference group was significantly increased,while the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR,which were related to cell proliferation,were significantly down-regulated,which was consistent with enrichment analysis result.Conclusion SKA1 is a poor prognostic factor for RCC.The mechanism may be related to the activation of TNF-α and the inhibitory phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Objective The objectives of this study were to synthesis a specific probe ^99mTc-HYNIC-MPG targeting mutant epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and use it to determine the EGFR mutation status of non-small lung cell cancer(NSCLS)in real-time and in vivo.Methods One-step synthesis of ^99mTc-HYNIC-MPG was divided into human non-small cell lung cancer PC9(experimental group,exon 19 deletion),H358(control group,EGFR wild type),H520(control group,EGFR negative),and H1975(T790m/L858R secondary mutation).The four cell lines were subjected to ^99mTc-HYNIC-MPG probe for cell uptake,release and blocking experiments.Four different cell lines were used to construct animal models of tumor-bearing nude mice,and single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)imaging and biological distribution were performed at 1,2,4,and 6h.PD153035(100mg/kg)was used to verify whether it could block the uptake of the probe by PC9 cells for a tumor-bearing mouse model.Results The labeling rate of ^99mTc-HYNIC-MPG probe was as high as 98%.PC9 cells had the highest uptake rate of ^99mTc-HYNIC-MPG,which could reach(23.79±0.63)%.PD153035(100μmol/L)could block uptake and the uptake rate was reduced to(1.90±0.06)%.The distribution experiment in vivo showed that PC9 cells reached a peak(7.20±0.27)%ID/g at 2h,while the tumor uptake of H358,H520 and H1975 cell lines was significantly lower.The SPECT imaging results also showed that the tumor of the PC9 cells tumor-bearing mouse model had a high uptake of ^99mTc-HYNIC-MPG.Conclusion The ^99mTc-HYNIC-MPG probe is specific and targeted,can specificity bind to the EGFR mutation with deletion of exon 19,and is expected to truly achieve in vivo molecular typing of lung cancer.

Objective The mechanism of long-chain non-coding RNA(lncRNA)BLACAT1 was studied in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer cells.Methods StarBase was used to analyze the expression of lncRNA BLACAT1 in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues by the TCGA database.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA BLACAT1 in tumor and adjacent tissues of 10 colorectal cancer patients.The expression of lncRNA BLACAT1 at the mRNA level was detected in normal colorectal epithelial FHC cells and several colorectal cancer cell lines of SW620,SW480,HT-29,LoVo and HCT116.The high expression of lncRNA BLACAT1 was screened in these cell lines.The effects of lncRNA BLACAT1 knockdown on proliferation,migration and invasion were verified in colorectal cancer cell lines.Targets of lncRNA BLACAT1 predicted by starBase online database were verified by qPCR and western blot.The correlation between lncRNA BLACAT1 and its target gene was validated by dual luciferase reporter gene.Finally,effects of target genes of lncRNA BLACAT1 on cell proliferation,migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells were detected.Results Both database analysis and colorectal cancer patient detection results showed that the expression of lncRNA BLACAT1 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues(P＜0.001).The expression of lncRNA BLACAT1 mRNA was the highest in colorectal cancer SW620 cells(45.180±0.892,t=110.6,P＜0.001).Knockdown of lncRNA BLACAT1 could inhibit the proliferation(P＜0.001),migration(P＜0.001)and invasion(P＜0.001)ability of SW620 cells.The results of qPCR and Western blot and database analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the expression of lncRNA BLACAT1 and LEMD1(r=0.778,P＜0.001).The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment proved that LEMD1 was the target gene of lncRNA BLACAT1.lncRNA BLACAT1 up-regulated the expression of LEMD1 and promoted the proliferation(P＜0.001),migration(P＜0.001)and invasion(P＜0.001)of SW620 cells.Conclusion lncRNA BLACAT1 targeting LEMD1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer SW620 cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of long-chain non-coding RNA-SChLAP1 overexpression on the prognosis of colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods A total of 156 CRC patients and 43 adjacent colorectal tissue of CRC were selected for qRT-PCR.The correlation between SChLAP1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics,overall survival(OS),disease-free survival(DFS),and risk factors for OS and DFS in CRC patients were evaluated.Results The level of SChLAP1 in CRC was significantly higher than that in adjacent colorectal tissues,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The high expression of SChLAP1 was related to the differentiation and stage of CRC,DFS and OS(P＜ 0.01).SChLAP1 expression was an independent risk factor for the OS and DFS of CRC patients.Conclusion SChLAP1 plays an important role in the progression of CRC.SChLAP1 may be used as an independent biomarker for the prognosis of CRC

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of copine-8(CPNE8)and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer.Methods A total of 144 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Xiantao Vocational College and confirmed by pathology from March 2011 to March 2014 were collected.The expression of CPNE8 in gastric cancer and its matched adjacent tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry,and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of gastric cancer was analyzed.Results Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression rate of CPNE8 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues(63.9% vs. 26.4%;χ²=36.450,P＜0.0001).The expression of CPNE8 is closely related to the TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer(χ²=5.993,P=0.014;χ²=6.703,P=0.009).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival time(OS)and disease-free survival time(DFS)of patients with high expression of CPNE8 were significantly shorter than those with low expression of CPNE8(χ²=23.130,P＜0.001;χ²=21.570,P＜0.001).The TNM stage(HR=1.297,95% CI:1.018~1.652,P=0.036),lymph node metastasis(HR=1.340,95% CI:1.027~1.749,P=0.031)and the expression of CPNE8 protein(HR=1.531,95% CI:1.208~1.940,P＜0.001)were independent risk factors influencing OS of gastric cancer patients.The TNM stage(HR=1.280,95% CI:1.028~1.593,P=0.027)and the expression of CPNE8 protein(HR=6.010,95% CI:1.355~26.661,P=0.018)were independent risk factors for DFS of gastric cancer patients.Conclusion The expression of CPNE8 is significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues,and is closely related to the malignant pathological characteristics of patients.CPNE8 may be one of the prognostic markers for gastric cancer patients.

Objective The aims of this study were to improve the understanding of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for cervical lymph node metastasis after papillary thyroid carcinoma surgery,and to evaluate its efficacy and safety.Methods A study of 84 patients with postoperative recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma was selected.After receiving microwave ablation,ultrasound contrast enhancement examination was performed to assess tumor activity in the ablation zone.The patient′s tumor size,volume,serum thyroglobulin and clinical evaluation were carried out in 1,3 and 6 months,and 12 months thereafter.Results A total of 103 patients with cervical lymph node metastases were successfully treated by microwave ablation.After treatment,ultrasound contrast enhancement examination did not detect incomplete ablation.During the last follow-up,the average maximum diameter decreased from 10.5±5.7mm to 0.8±1.5mm(P＜0.05),and the average volume was reduced from 285.9±245.7mm³ to 4.0±8.0mm³(P＜0.05).After the treatment,neither the progression of the treated tumor was detected nor the suspicious lymph nodes added.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation may become an alternative therapy for thyroid papillary carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis who are not suitable or refuse to undergo surgical treatment.This operation is safe and effective,and the incidence of complications is low.

Objective The efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CRT)with concurrent bolus and CRT with conventional fractionation and shrinking field for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)were compared.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 90 patients with NPC who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy in our hospital from January 2007 to December 2008.The 5-year overall survival(OS),progression free survival(PFS),local recurrence free survival(LRFS)and toxicity were compared between the two groups.Results The 5-year OS,PFS and LRFS of CRT with concurrent bolus group were 84.4%,75.6% and 88.9%,respectively,while those of CRT with conventional fractionated field group were 82.2%,71.1% and 86.7%,respectively.There were no differences of OS,PFS and LRFS between the CRT with concurrent bolus and conventional fractionated field groups.The radiation response of brainstem,spinal cord and parotid gland in the conventional fractionated field CRT group was lighter than that in the CRT with concurrent bolus group.Conclusion There is no significant difference in the prognosis between the CRT with concurrent bolus and conventional fractionated field groups in the ear of intensity modulated radiation therapy,but the toxicity of CRT with conventional fractionated field group is lighter.

Prostate cancer has become a global“killer”that threatens the health of elderly men.The mechanism and treatment of its occurrence and development are the current research focuses.In recent years,gene transcription or post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have been shown to play a key role in the progression of prostate cancer,of which long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)plays an important role.lncRNA SNHGs are closely related to prostate cancer.They not only affect the biological characteristics of tumors,playing a vital role in the apoptosis,autophagy,invasion,and cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells,but they also are related to tumor prognosis.Its mechanism of action is related to ceRNA,Wnt/β-catenin,PI3K/AKT/mTOR and other signaling pathways.This article reviews the role of LncRNA SNHGs in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer,hoping to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)is a type of noncoding RNAs with a length of 200~100,000bp,and the protein coding ability is lacking or limited.Recent studies have shown that it can participate in tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion through the mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNAs),and plays an important regulatory role in the development of tumors.Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality,hich is a serious threat to population health and life safety.Therefore,this paper reviews the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs as members of ceRNAs network in lung cancer to provide the basis for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Krüpple-like factor 4(KLF4),as a member of the zinc finger transcription factor family,has regulatory effects on the develcopment,metastasis,and drug resistance of colon cancer.KLF4 plays a role in suppressing or promoting colon cancer through epithelial mesenchymal transformation(EMT),tumor stem cells(CSCs),and multiple signaling pathways.This article reviews the latest research progress on the mechanism of KLF4 and colon cancer,which is of great significance for the identification of colon cancer treatment targets and the clarification of its molecular mechanism.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death in China and around the world.Its etiology has not been fully understood,but its prevention and treatment has always been a hot field.Although various cancer therapies can improve the quality of life and survival of cancer patients,once the cancer has metastasized,it is difficult for patients to cure.Therefore,the prevention of cancer is particularly important.A large number of studies have shown that phytochemicals from fruits,vegetables and grains have a preventive effect on a variety of cancers.Thus,this article will review the role and possible mechanisms of major naturally occurring phytochemicals in cancer chemoprevention.

Gastric cancer has always seriously threatened human health.In recent years,a large number of studies have been conducted on the influencing factors of gastric cancer,and it has been confirmed that Helicobacter pylori infection,smoking,drinking and other factors play a very important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.With the development of medical technology,our understanding of gastric cancer cannot be limited to a few unilateral factors.Therefore,this article introduces the epidemiology of gastric cancer and reviews the new findings in the past studies.

With the continuous development of deep learning algorithm,the application of artificial intelligence in endoscopic assisted diagnosis has also attracted much attention.It is difficult to dignose upper gastrointestinal tumors under endoscopy in the early stage.New technologies such as computer-aided diagnosis are expected to identify and diagnose early malignant lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and its related risk factors.This paper describes the current application and development prospects of artificial intelligence in the field of endoscopic diagnosis for upper gastrointestinal early cancer.

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a malignant clonal plasma cell disease that originates in the bone marrow.It is mainly manifested by abnormal proliferation of monoclonal immunoglobulin,which is common in the elderly.New treatments for MM are emerging,but they are still incurable diseases.Therefore,it is particularly important to adopt new treatments to improve the prognosis of MM patients.In recent years,the anti-tumor effect of metformin has become a hot spot.In various basic studies,metformin has shown significant anti-cancer activity and can enhance the anti-tumor effects of other drugs.By the anti-tumor mechanism of metformin and the pathogenesis of MM,in this article,metformin may exert an anti-MM effect through the LKB1-AMPK-Akt/mTOR pathway,IGF receptor pathway,IL-6 signaling pathway,and the combined use of metformin with bortezomib,melphalan,dexamethasone and other drugs may enhance its treatment effects as a review,which will provide a new idea for the treatment of MM.

N6-methyladenosine(m6A)modification,as a part of epigenetic research,is one of the most common RNA modifications,and has attracted more and more attention in recent years.m6A methylation modification is dynamically regulated by methyltransferase,demethylase and reading protein.A large number of studies have shown that m6A methylation modification can affect the occurrence and development of cancer by regulating the biological functions related to cancer.This article briefly introduces m6A methylation modification and reviews the role of m6A methylation modification in different tumors.