In the Upper Yangtze Region, especially in Guizhou Province and its adjacent areas, the dolostones of the Loushanguan Group of Cambrian were deposited in a shallowwater setting from Middle to Late Cambrian with a thickness of more than 1 000 meters. From northwest to southeast, they gradually changed into openplatform limestones and shelf micrites with water gradually deepening. Because of the poorly developed fossils, it is difficult to make a detailed chronostratigraphic subdivision. The development of pseudomorphic halite crystal dolostones reflects that the water of the sedimentary environment was shallowing and the development of grain dolostones reflects that the water was deepening. These features show that sequence stratigraphic division can be done on this set of dolostones by the method from lithofacies succession to sedimentary facies succession, which represents the “sedimentary facies shifting under the framework of sea level changing”. Thicklybedded and poorly fossiliferous dolostones of the Loushanguan Group contrast sharply with the thinlybedded finegrained mixed deposits with trilobite fossils of the Douposi Formation, and they make up a secondorder sequence that can further be divided into seven thirdorder sequences in the study area. The finegrained deposits of the Douposi Formation represent the water deepening by the second order transgression, while the poor fossiliferous dolostones of the Loushanguan Group progradated from northwest to southeast and represented a water shoaling process by the second order regression. The second order sequence itself is an upward shoaling sedimentary facies succession. The facies succession fabric of the second order sequence is similar to that of the third order sequence, and the fabric of the latter is similar to those of the meterscale cyclic sequences of zonal tidal flat which are composed by lithofacies successions. The Loushanguan Group dolostones in the study area constitute a complex, regular and distinct stratigraphic framework. It reflects that there is some regularity in the evolutionary succession of the sediments and their distribution characters. Its palaeogeographic evolution is controlled by both the deepening of transgression and the shoaling of regression, and at the same time, is controlled by the deepening of water depth from northwest to southeast. The study results of the Loushanguan Group dolostones show that the core of sequence stratigraphy is the regularity represented by the evolutionary succession and the distribution pattern of the sediments, and making a stratigraphic division and correlation according to the regularity.

Based on the 87 standard sections and 529 supplementary sections，and the analyses of the Permian distribution pattern, the petrologic characters, the characters of sedimentary structures, the palaeoclimate, palaeoecology and palaeoenvironment data, the palaeogeographical features of the Permian in northern China are reconstructed. In the Early Permian, mainly the Jiamusi，the Aierguna，and the TarimDunhuangQilianInner Mongolia oldlands were developed; marine sediments were distributed in the Songliao marine facies area, the North China relic estuarine area，the western Qaidam relic estuarine facies area and the southern JunggarTurpanHamiBeishan relic marine facies area, and also the western Tarim carbonate platform facies and the central Junggar fluviallacustrine facies were developed. In the Middle Permian, the oldlands of the Early Permian still existed and the northern North China oldland was obviously reduced in size. The southern margin of the Junggar BasinTurpanHami area was uplifted to become land. The marine facies was only developed in northeastern China and southern Qilian areas. The fluviallacustrine facies was widely developed in the North Chinanorthern Qilian area. The Tarim Basin was dominated by continental clastic rocks, the Junggar Basin by fluviallacustrine deposition, and the Beishan relic sea basin by deposition of volcanic clastic rocks. In the Late Permian, marine facies only occurred in southern Qilian area and the other areas were all characterized by continental deposition. The northeastern area was dominated by the continental and lacustrine facies. The North Chinanorthern Qilian area was mainly covered by fluviallacustrine sediments. The whole Tarim Basin was a fluviallacustrine deposition  and the JuggarTurpanHami basins were dominated by fluviallacustrine deposition.

The Upper Triassic in the western Sichuan foreland basin can be divided into 4 third order sequences and 12 system tracts. The palaeogeographical setting，provenance，sedimentary rock types and sedimentary facies distribution in different periods have been studied on the basis of the sequence stratigraphic framework. Four areas including Longmenshan oldland，MicangshanDabashan oldland，Kangdian oldland，Jiangnan oldland comprise the detrital provenance areas for the Upper Triassic in the western Sichuan foreland basin. Eight sedimentary facies are developed,  ieestuarine，alluvial fan，meandering fluvial，braided fluvial，fan delta，braided fluvial delta，meandering fluvial delta，and lacustrine facies. During the deposition of sequence I, the basin was transferred from marinecontinental alternating facies to continental facies with a filling and reconstruction character. Estuarine facies and tidal flat facies were developed in this period. The unified inland basin was formed during the deposition of sequence Ⅱ，and its transgression was the most extensive during the deposition of Xujiahe Formation. Deltaic and lacustrine facies were developed during this period. During the deposition of sequence Ⅲ, abundant sediments were provided by the MicangshanDabashan mountains. Alluvial fan，braided fluvial，and braided fluvial delta were well developed along the MicangshanDabashan mountains thrust frontal zones. During the deposition of sequence Ⅳ, influenced by the Jiangnan oldland, deltaic and lacustrine facies were developed. The distribution of sedimentary facies in the western Sichuan foreland basin is mainly controlled by tectonics，and the facies are distributed paralleling to the structural belt. The coarsegrained alluvial fan, fan delta and  lake floor fan were developed along the northwestern steep slope belt and the braided fluvial delta was developed along the southwestern steep slope belt, the northernnortheastern steep slope belt, while the meandering fluvial and meandering fluvial delta were developed in the southeastern ramp slope belt.

The Paleogene palaeogeomorphology reconstruction has been made for the central southern Liaodong Zone of Liaodongwan Bay by a boreholeseismic comprehensive method. Based on this, palaeogeomorphology (including palaeoslope break belt, palaeoditch and valley and palaeohigh etc.) is integrated into the palaeoprovenance supply system to discuss its control on sedimentary systems. As a result, the research domain of slope break belt is broadened. The analyses show that based on the construction of the complete provenance supply system, the palaeogeomorphologic units and their combination patterns obviously control  the sedimentary systems. The provenance systems with different orders lead to the differences of sedimentary rock types and scales. The distribution of ditch and valley in the provenance area and its existing period restrict the main location, period and scale of the sandbodies. The style of the slope break belt controls the types, scales and distributions of the sandbodies. The palaeogeomorphologic associations control the origin, concentration area and scale of the reservoir. Therefore, palaeogeomorphologic analysis  has an obvious instructive effect on the reservoir forecasting and recognition. Combined with the conventional methods of reservoir prediction, it can greatly increase the precision of reservoir prediction.

A special type of rock suite was discovered in the lower part of the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation of Paleogene in the Shulu Sag of Central Hebei Depression, Hebei Province, which is neither typical carbonate rocks nor classic clastic rocks. Based on detailed observations of cores and thin sections combined with comprehensive analyses of testing data, it is known as the hunji rock. Hunji rock (in broad sense) as well as the concept and system about mixing deposits were introduced into the classification of sediment type and lithofacies and thus provide proofs for scientific definition of marl. According to their origin, hunji rock can be divided into three types: textural mixing, interbedded mixing  and interlayered mixing deposits. Each type can be subdivided into several kinds: textural mixing deposits include rocks mainly composed of terrigenous components and rocks that mostly consist of intrabasinal composition. Interbedded mixing deposits is the most important types of rocks. Laminated microcrystalline limestones are mainly composed of limymudstone, marl and micrite which  make up light and dark ribbons with organicrich materials sometimes. The arranges of lamina are various and can be subdivided into 4 types in terms of the different contents of composition in situ and allogene composition. Interlayered mixing deposit consists of  thicklybedded conglomerate (carbonate breccia) intercalated with the former two types of hunji rock. Tectonics, climate and provenance are the principal factors for controlling the formation of Hunji Rock.

Quartz sandstone, namely the “Luotuobo Sandstone” dominated the lowermiddle parts of the lower submember of Member 8 of the Middle Permian Xiashihezi Formation in the Wushenqi Gasfield in the Ordos Basin, while its upper part is characterized by dark color silty mudstone or carbonaceous mudstone. The “Luotuobo Sandstone” is widely distributed in the North China Platform, is developed in the whole Ordos Basin, and is one of the main reservoirs of the basin. Previous researchers considered that the lower submember consists of fluvial or delta facies. By core observations on the lower submember in many wells, it is proved that the lowermiddle part of the lower submember consists of beach and bar facies, while the upper part is marsh facies or is dominated by marsh facies intercalated with channel deposits. The composition and texture maturity of the quartz sandstones in the lower submember is high. One sandstone interval or two sandstone intervals were developed in the lower submember. The two sandstone intervals were intercalated with severalmeters dark color silty mudstones of semideep lacustrine facies or carbonaceous mudstones of marsh facies.  Sedimentary structures such as flush crossbedding with angle lower than 10°， hummocy crossbedding were developed. The GR curves are box type or toothlike box type. Many thickbedded sandstones make up eastwest oriented lanticular sandbodies and they approximately parallel to the paleoshoreline.

Based on the investigations of 77 species of fossil spores and pollen belonging to 51 genera found in the Lower Cretaceous Kizilsu Group in the Wuqia region of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, the early and late Early Cretaceous palynofloras in the region have been established. The early Early Cretaceous palynoflora is dominated by gymnospermous Coniferales, including the Cheirolepidiaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae, Araucariaceae and Taxodiaceae. The late Early Cretaceous palynoflora is basically similar to that of the early Early Cretaceous, but content of Cheirolepidiaceae decreases sharply. According to the characters of the palynofloras, the Early Cretaceous palaeoecologic, palaeoclimatic,sedimentary environment as well as palaeogeographic significance have been discussed. The results indicate that the Early Cretaceous palaeoclimate in the Wuqia region should belong to the arid or semiarid type of subtropic zone, temperatewarm and arid in the early Early Cretaceous and warmhot and semiarid in the late Early Cretaceous. The palynological data show  that the Early Cretaceous floras are of various origins, including the Coniferales  plants from mountain terrene and the moss plants from marsh wetland. The palaeogeography of the Early Cretaceous is  characterized by complex and various outlook and the obvious vertical zoning of the plant geographic distribution.

The Yingou Formation was dominated by turbidity sandstones intercalated with slates and it was deposited in Jingtai County of Gansu Province and its neighboring areas during the Early Ordovician. At Cuijiadun section it is not continuous vertically because of the eastwest thrusts. It can be divided into two lithologic members. The north member(lower member) is composed of siltstones, finegrained sandstones, and slates intercalated with siliceous rocks. The south member(upper member) is characterized by lithic sandstones with little or no siliceous rocks. The major chemical component analyses on the selected sandstones of the Yingou Formation show that Fe₂O*3+MgO has values of 5.03%～17.63%, Al₂O₃/SiO₂ values of 0.12%～0.28%, K₂O/Na₂Ovalues of 0.25%～1.26% and Al₂O₃/（CaO+Na₂O）values of 1.01%～3.53%. The characteristics of the major chemical components, combined with lithofacies analyses, are used to discriminate the features of the provenance and its tectonic setting. The results indicate that the lower part of the turbidites is mainly derived from the Alashan Block and its overlying orogenic belt in the north. The deposition take place in a passive continental margin setting, in contrast, the debris in the upper part mainly comes from the neuterbasic volcanic rocks in the southern arc which belongs to an initial backarc basin environment.

Based on analyses of the sampled mudstone of Well Bincan 1, the REE geochemical characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous mudstone of Suibin Depression in eastern Heilongjiang Province are described. The results indicate:(1)The LREE content obviously enriches compared with the HREE content and with negative Eu anomalies shown in the chondrite aerolite standard pattern of the mudstone. However, the parameters such as the ∑REE content,∑LREE/∑HREE,LaN/YbN,LaN/SmN，GdN/YbN，Eu/Eu*，Ce/Ce* and （La/Yb）UCC ratios are quite different, which reflects the mudstone is from different provenance. The provenance for the Didao and Chengzihe Formations may be the granites in the Huanan Uplift south to the Suibin Depression, the sedimentary rocks in Baoqing area southeast to the depression and the sedimentary rocks in the Dongsanjiang Basin east to it. The provenance of the Muleng and Dongshan Formations may be the sedimentary rocks in Baoqing area southeast to the Suibin Depression and in the Dongsanjiang Basin east to it. During the deposition of the Muleng and Dongshan Formations, some materials may be from the deep lower crust and the mantle and leads to the great change of provenance. (2)The Ce/Ce* and Ceanom indexes indicate that the palaeoenvironment of the Early Cretaceous mudstone in the Suibin Depression was a reduction environment and is profitable for the oil and gas formation. (3)In the Early Cretaceous, the Suibin Depression was a continental margin setting, with a tectonic evolution from active setting, through stable setting to active setting.

A typical borehole P5 was examined for lithology, dating, sporepollen and microfossil to reveal the phases of climate and sea level fluctuation and the associated sedimentary facies recorded in the paleoincised valley sediments in the southeastern Changjiang Delta Plain since the last deglaciation.The results show that freshwater marsh facies prevailed in the paleoincised valley during 15～10 ka BP.A peat layer, 4 m thick, evidenced the cooling event of Younger Dryers. Coastal silty sand and silt dominated the strata of paleoincised valley, reflecting the relatively stable sea level during 10～9 ka BP. Muddy silt and silty mud was 11 m thick during 9～8 ka BP, reflecting the quick deposition in the drowned valley due to the rapid rise of sea level. The deposition surface of the valley approximated to the buried depth of stiff muds in the delta plain at the beginning of the Holocene optimum, indicating the termination of filling in the paleoincised valley.