The paleoclimate and sedimentary environments of the Jurassic in northern margin of Qaidam Basin are analyzed according to the paleoecology on multiphylum fossils, lithofacies and sedimentary structures. The characteristics of fossils such as ostracoda, charophytes, conchostraca, bivalves and plants indicate that the sedimentary environments at that time were mainly marshes and shallow shore-lakes. The fossil assemblages of plant and sporopollens indicate that the paleoclimate was a warm and humid climate of the tropic and subtropical zone and became drier and warmer twice in the Early and Middle Jurassic in northern margin of Qaidam Basin. The alternative occurrence of terraneous plant fossils and animal fossils represents a paleogeographic feature with the intra-distribution of lakes, marshes and low hills. The Early Jurassic lakes were developed for many times, but with a smaller scale. Lake area expanded to the largest in the late-middle Middle Jurassic.

Based on the detailed field observation and sedimentological studies, the strata of the Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous in the Gucuo area, southern Tibet was described and amended. Six types of lithofacies were recognized including rufous (weathered color) quartzose conglomerates, gray –greenish pyroclastic conglomerates, gray-whitish sandstones, gray-greenish pyroclastic sandstones, gray- greenish lithic arenite, gray and dark gray black shales. Many sedimentary structures were discovered including normal grading beds, parallel lamination, planar cross-bedding, low-angle cross bedding, hummocky cross-bedding, ripples, flute cast, load casts, sandstone dikes, erosion surface, imbrications, hard grounds, as well as lots of concretions and bioturbations. Two types of sedimentary facies were recognized in the Gucuo area,i.e.delta (including delta front and prodelta) and shelf (including storm-influenced shelf and open deep shelf). The delta front facies can be further divided into subaqueous distributary channels, mouth bar, and far bar. The vertical facies association of the Gucuo section was established, which allows us to discuss the evolution of the sedimentary environments.

The Huangshanjie  Formation of  Upper Triassic in the southern Junggar Basin   is mainly a set of terrigenous clastics, including conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones and mudstones etc. According to the study on field outcrops, a typical braided river delta sediment was recognized. Studies on sedimentary facies, subfacies and microfacies show that the sequence structure and microfacies types developed in the braided revier delta are similar to those in the meandering river delta. Compared with the meandering river delta, the sediments of braided revier delta are coarser in size, and the sediments of the braided distributary channel in the braided delta plain are widely spread,  while the sediments of the inter-braided channel are not well developed. The microfacies types of braided river delta front  include the subaqueous distributary channel, mouth bar, sheet bar, and subaqueous interdistributary channel. Subaqueous distributary channel was well developed. Based on the detailed study on sedimentary characters of outcrop, the sedimentary model of the braided river delta of the Huangshanjie Formation was set up. The thickly-bedded conglomerates and conglomeratic sandstones developed in braided river delta are widely distributed, and are favorable oil and gas reservoirs.

After comparing all the standards of each classification scheme for paleosols， Mack’s classification scheme and its evolvement succession are introduced. This scheme is largely based on the stable minerals and the geomorphology attributes preserved in the soils. According to Mack’s theory，paleosols can be divided into nine kinds. The features for identifying paleosols mainly include color，granularity，biogenetic structure (the trace of plant growth)，degradation character of original depositional structure，arrangement，boundary character，macro-structure character，mineral and geochemical characters. We can distinguish the paleosols by means of field observation，microscopic examination，laboratory experiments，seismic and logging data. Non-marine basins show strong separation characters，and complex lateral facies variation so that it is difficult to find a regional stable sequence boundary. More and more studies prove that paleosols play an important role in the division of terrestrial stratigraphic sequence, and the regional and global correlation .

The Sinian system in the Upper-Yangtze Region contains the Doushantuo Formation and the Dengying Formation, the former includes more black shales and the later is marked by a set of dolomites. From litho-facies succession to meter-scale cycle and from sedimentary facies succession to third-order sequence, the Sinian system in the shallow-water setting can be divided into five third-order sequences that can be grouped into one second-order sequence. According to two types of facies-changing surfaces and two types of diachronisms in the stratigraphic records, sequence stratigraphic divisions at each main logging section become the basis to establish the sequence-stratigraphic framework of Sinian system in the study area. This sequence-stratigraphic framework indicates several features: The Doushantuo Formation with more deep-water black shales represents a transgression process after the great glaciation period. Different from the changing feature in the Cambrian, the dolomites of the Dengying Formation with well-preserved primary sedimentary fabrics are also characterized by a set of dolomites in the deeper depositional background. This changing feature may reflect a particular dolomitization in the Sinian and a problem that need further researched in the future. The Sinian stratigraphic succession from the Doushantuo Formation to the Dengying Formation, both makes up of a larger-scale upward-shoaling succession of sedimentary-facies and demonstrates a growth process of ramp carbonate-platform that is the response to the third and the second-order sea-level changes. This process is clearly illustrated in a series of the panel sequence-stratigraphic framework diagrams and the corresponding palaeogeographical maps.

 The Fusha-Qimugen and the Kekeya-Hetiannan transpressional structural systems are developed in the southwestern margin of the Tarim Basin. The former system resulted from the combined effects of the lateral strike-slipping in the northeastern of the Pamir Arch and the asymmetrical thrusting of the west Kunlun orogen toward the Tarim Basin, while the latter was mainly related with the asymmetrical thrusting of the west Kunlun orogen toward the Tarim Basin. These two transpressional structure systems were chiefly formed during the Neogene Himalayan Orogen. Their structure styles are characterized by the strike-slip thrusts and an echeloned faults and folds in a planar view, and by the superposition of the duplex and the back-thrust structures in a cross-section view. Transpression contributes to the improvement of reservoir petrophysics, new traps formation, oil-gas migration, and petroleum accumulation. Therefore the transpressional zones are the favorable structures for petroleum exploration.

The sedimentary features of Liaohe Depression are characterized by the small-scale sand body, multi-provenance, multi-sedimentary systems and low degree of sandstone maturity. Analysis on the diagenesis and diagenetic facies show that the reservoir diagenetic facies in Liaohe Depression can be divided into four types, i.e. carbornate cemented facies, autogenetic clay mineral cemented facies, quartz cemented facies, and clay mineral transformed facies. These facies can further be divided into the following seven subfacies, i.e. the clay authigenetic film cemented facies, crystal granular carbonate cemented facies, authigenetic kaolinite cemented facies, quartz cement facies, poikilitic carbonate cemented facies, illite and montmorillonite mixed layer facies and illite facies. The distribution of these facies are obviously controlled by their depths, and is characterized by a vertical connection，which can constitute six diagenetic zones. Six high porosity-permeability bands (ABCDEF) and six low porosity-permeability bands (abcdef) are established by a great deal of statistic analysis on sandstone and mudstone porosity and permeability. They correspond respectively to six diagenetic facies zones, i.e.: band A－a、band B－b、band C－c、band D－d、band E－e、band F－f respectively correspond to the crystal carbonate facies band, authigenetic kaolinite facies band, quartz cemented band,poikilitic carbonate cemented facies band,illite and montmorillonite mixed layer facies band and the illite facies band. Different diagenetic facies bands in the sand reservoir correspond to the different evolutions of different porosity development bands, and the relationship between them can be illustrated by the viewpoint of organic evolution. A satisfactory effect has been obtained by using the above regulation in the prediction of favorable reservoir pores in Yuanyanggou area. As a result, the effect of reservoir pores evolution on oil and gas migration has been proved in the area.

The Silurian in the eastern Tarim Basin is a set of marine clastic sediments and only the Lower Silurian is preserved now, which is distributed in a eastern-western long and narrow belt.The belt lies south of the Well Tienan 2 and Well Weima 1, north of the Well A’nan 1. Fan delta sedimentary system is mainly developed. The Lower Sandstone Member reservoir is characterized by lithic sandstones and the main type of reservoir porosity is residual primary intergranular pore. Compaction is the important factor affecting the reservoir petrophysics. In the Lower Sandstone Member reservoir, the petrophysics of medium-grained sandstones is relatively favorable and their porosity is usually larger than 10%, and thus they constitute the main pay zone of the member. Diagenesis in the later period partly improved the petrophysics of some strata. After a long geologic evolution, the favorable reservoir intervals in the Lower Sandstone Member are preserved and may contain commercial quantities of petroleum.

Ten vibrocores obtained from the outer continental shelf of the East China Sea were measured for their magnetic properties, grain size, Cl- concentration and clay mineral. Results show that the sub-bottom strata at the brim of Yangtze shoal consists of two layers：(1) The upper layer is the mixture of sand and mud with a large quantity of shell fragments, which is characterized by high values of magnetic capacity (x) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM). Magnetite(Fe3O4) is enriched in the layer of sand and mud mixture, representing the strong reworking and deposition in situ by the post-glacial transgression. Iron sulphides found at the sea bottom indicate the secondary transformation of the magnetic minerals in the reduction shallow sea. (2) The lower layer contains the hard and compact yellowish brown clayey silt and silty clay (stiff mud) with a generally faint magnetic property. But extremely high values of SIRM/χ and coercivity (Bc and Bcr) appear locally in the lower layer, evidencing the occurrence of greigite. The concentrated chlorite and Cl- of the greigite bearing sediment shows the stiff mud is the efflorescent result of the early transgression sediment in the subsequent relatively dry climate during the last ice age.