JOPC
Advanced Search
Subscription Email Alert
     Home |  About JOPC |  Editorial Board |  Before Submission |  Subscription |  Download |  Publication Ethics |  Editorial Office |  Chinese
News
Search in CSB Adv Search
· Mourn deeply for the former Chief-editor Professor FENG Zengzhao
· To readers and anthors
more>>  
Office online
　· Online Submission
　· Peer Review
　· Scientific Editor
　· Editor Work
　· Editor-in-chief
Journal online
　· Forthcoming Articles
　· Current Issue
　· Next Issue
　· Browse by Year
　· Browse by Section
　· Archive By Volumn
　· Advanced Search
　· Email Alert
　·
 
 
Links
　
· 《Petroleum Science》
· Periodical Press of CUP
· China University of Petroleum (Beijing)
· 《Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)》
· 《ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA》
· 《Geology in China》
· 《China Geology》
· 《ACTA GEOCHIMICA》
· 《geochimica》
· 《GEOTECTONICA ET METALLOGENIA》
· China Geoscience Journal Portal
· 《Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry》
JOPC 2019 Vol.21 Number 2
2019, Vol.21 Num.2
Online: 2019-04-01
REVIEW
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY
PALAEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOUCES
 
REVIEW
189 Zhu Xiao-Min, Dong Yan-Lei, Zeng Hong-Liu, Huang Han-Dong, Liu Qiang-Hu, Qin Yi, Ye Lei
New development trend of sedimentary geology: Seismic sedimentology
Seismic sedimentology is an emerging interdisciplinary subject between sedimentary geology and geophysics developed on the basis of seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy,which exerts a great influence on delineation of thin-bed sand-bodies,reservoir characterization,prediction of lithographic traps. The fundamental concepts,principles and main work-flows of seismic sedimentology have been well introduced based on its brief development history,several critical technologies regarding seismic sedimentology namely as 90°phase shift,frequency division processing,spectrum decomposition,attribute optimization,stratal slicing,geophysical inversion,seismic lithological interpretation,and RGB blending of seismic attributes as well as case study of seismic sedimentary facies have been well clarified within detailed sequence stratigraphic frameworks. Discussion shows that seismic geomorphological(seismic sedimentary facies model)and complicated seismic lithological study during the stage of hydrocarbon exploration should be conducted in sedimentary basins with various type when concerning seismic sedimentology in China,and the architecture of sand-bodies with different genesis and quantitative reservoir characterization are well implemented with RGB blending of seismic attributes and many other geophysical technologies during the stage of hydrocarbon exploitation,which will be the new development trend of sedimentary geology.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 189-201 [Abstract] ( 542 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4463KB] ( 546 )
202 Wu Sheng-He, Xu Zhen-Hua, Liu Zhao
Depositional architecture of fluvial-dominated shoal water delta
Shoal water delta has been researched over 60 years since its concept was proposed. Although great progress in the research on shoal water delta has been made in many aspects,there are still debates on the concept,genetic types of sand bodies and depositional architectural patterns of shoal water delta. In this paper,we discuss the conceptual connotation of shoal water delta,and summarize its characteristics and patterns of depositional architecture. According to wave base and water depth ratio(ratio of initial channel depth to basin depth at river mouth),the delta could be divided into shoal water delta,relatively shallow water delta and relatively deep water delta. The shoal water delta,as the typical shallow water delta,is developed where the water depth ratio is greater or equal to 1. Within shoal water delta the distributary channel could incise through underlying prodelta deposits. According to the combination pattern of channels and mouth bars in delta front,fluvial-dominated shoal water delta can be classified into two end-member types,including distributary-mouth bar type and fingered bar type. Distributary-mouth bar type delta is the system of multi-order bifurcated mouth bars and distributary channels,which is a fan shape in the plane,and presents the combination pattern of “channels extending between mouth bars”. In contrast,fingered bar type is the system of fingered bar and inter-distributary-mouth bay,which is a branched shape in the plane,and presents the combination pattern of “channels extending within mouth bars”.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 202-215 [Abstract] ( 493 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2503KB] ( 398 )
216 Shao Lei, Cui Yu-Chi, Qiao Pei-Jun, Zhu Wei-Lin, Zhong Kai, Zhou Jun-Shen
Implications on the Early Cenozoic palaeogeographical reconstruction of SE Eurasian margin based on northern South China Sea palaeo-drainage system evolution
During the Early Cenozoic,the southeastern margin of Eurasian Plate has experienced multiple episodes of large-scale palaeographical changes. Overall,with the rapid spreading of the South China Sea(SCS),the Mesozoic orogenic belts in southeast China Continental Block continuingly suffered from erosional processes. Drastic variations of provenance distribution patterns took place in the northern SCS in light of our Eocene-Lower Miocene “source-to-sink”analysis. During the Eocene-Early Oligocene,“Kontum-Ying-Qiong”River has delivered large abundance of materials from the western palaeo-uplifts into the eastern SCS basins. Briefly,most southern areas including Zhu-II Depression were dominated by this western sedimentary source,while Zhu-I Depression was mainly influenced from the palaeo-Pearl River to the north. During the Late Oligocene,Pearl River system turned to develop into a larger scale,which gradually exceeded the impact of the western provenance. The sedimentary distribution pattern was completely changed when it came to the Early Miocene. With much less hindrance from Panyu-Low-Uplift in the middle,the Pearl River was then transporting voluminous sediments from the South China hinterland into Zhu-II Depression. By contrast,“Kontum-Ying-Qiong”River simply cast fairly limited influences on Qiongdongnan Basin. From west to east,the provenance was gradully replaced from Kunsong Block to Hainan Island. Actually,the Central Canyon which was subsequently formed in the Late Miocene,which was considered as a residual structure of the palaeo “Kontum-Ying-Qiong”River. As a conclusion,the discovery of palaeo “Kontum-Ying-Qiong”River as well as the Pearl River evolution reconstruction proves to be of great significance on (1)both palaeogeography of the SCS and palaeogeomorphology of the southeastern Eurasian margin in the Early Cenozoic; (2)the petroleum industrial exploration on the SCS basins.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 216-231 [Abstract] ( 465 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 7355KB] ( 273 )
232 Yan Jia-Xin, Meng Qi, Wang Xia, Liu Zhi-Chen, Huang Heng, Chen Fa-Yao, Guo Quan-Ding
Carbonate factory and carbonate platform: Progress and prospects

Carbonate rocks are widely distributed in spatial and temporal. Most carbonates are biogenetic,which depend highly on marine biological and chemical and other intra-basinal environments. Such a biogenetic nature provides great potentials in deciphering marine biology and chemical conditions. Depositional facies model plays a key role in describing,characterizing and interpreting of ancient carbonate rocks. This paper briefly reviewed the development of the facies model in the past 70 years,from the 2D water-energy profile model to the 3D topographic profile model. How to deeply analyze the formation mechanism of the carbonate platform with different external shape and internal structures and to interpret the biological and environmental signals from them will be the next research focus. On this basis,this paper firstly introduced the progress in the formation mechanism of the carbonate factories and the carbonate platform,and emphasized the age-sensitive pattern of the carbonate platform. Then a case study from the Wuchiapingian(Permian)carbonate platform in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region is used,in the view of carbonate factories,to scrutinize the current research status and propose the future research direction.This paper aims to recall geologists' attention to the role of the biotic evolution and marine environment in the development of the carbonate platform,to the similarities and differences of time-equivalent carbonate rocks in a global scale,and to explore the biological and oceanic significance of carbonate platform through the carbonate factory analysis.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 232-253 [Abstract] ( 509 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3486KB] ( 357 )
 
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY
254 Mei Ming-Xiang, Khalid Latif, Liu Li, Meng Qing-Fen
Clots built by photosynthetic biofilms: Evidences from thrombolite bieherms of the Changshan Formation of Cambrian Furongian in Liaodong Peninsula
Thrombolites are marked by non-layer fabrics,which are distinct from stromatolites;the key microstructure of thrombolites are mesoclots that produce clotted fabrics. Diffusely clotted micrite that commonly make up the mesoclots likely represent extracelluar polymeric substances(EPSs)calcification. However,its precise origin and formative processes are not clear due to absence of direct evidence of microbial activities. Thrombolite bioherms occur in the top of the Changshan Formation of the Cambrian Furongian at the Jinzhouwan and Tianshifu sections in the Liaodong Peninsula. Thrombolite bioherms were deposited in the forced regressive system tract of a third-order depositional sequence. Diffusely clotted micrites with the size of micrometers are fundamental fabrics of these thrombolites. Importantly and particularly,the sheath fossils of filamental cyanobateria are preserved,suggesting a biological origin of photosynthetic biofilms. A great challenge is to interpret the ancient clots and their detail formative processes through the filter of diagenesis. Calcification of cyanobacteria biofilms also remains poorly understood. The preservation of cyanobacteria sheath fossils within thrombolite colts in the Furongian Changshan Formation in the Liaodong Peninsula suggests that the colts were formed by photosynthetic biofilms. Furthermore,the clots within thrombolites are commonly symbiosis with other types of carbonate grains such as benthic ooid,cortoid,and trilobite fossil fragment,as well as radiated calcite fabric around these carbonate grains,which indicate that the thrombolites of the Changshan Formation probably resulted from complex calcification of EPSs of multiple biofilms within the relative thick microbial mat.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 254-277 [Abstract] ( 569 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 39728KB] ( 269 )
278 Qian Yi-Xiong, He Zhi-Liang, Li Guo-Rong, Dong Shao-Feng, Peng Shou-Tao, Wo Yu-Jin, Zhang Jun-Tao, Jiao Cun-Li, Zhang Wen-Tao
Evidence of multiepisode dissolution of meteoric fluids of the Middle and Upper Cambrian carbonate rocks of Sanhuichang outcrop,Nanchuan area,Chongqing
How to identify and evaluate the influences of multiepisodes of tectonic activities and diagenesis on Paleozoic carbonate rocks is a fundamental and challenging issue for reservoirs formation mechanism study. It would be valuable to unravel the important information of diagenesis fluid evolution and its relationship with formation of oil and gas pools. The well-preserved outcrop of Cambrian carbonate rocks in SanHuiChang,Nanchuan,Chongqing is an idea natural laboratory to study the depositional and diagenesis history of Paleozoic carbonate. The petrographic and geochemical analyses have demonstrated that the Cambrian carbonate rocks have experienced multiepisodes of diagenesis,including the early penecontemporaneous diagenesis in fresh and marine water,the shallow buried-diagenesis in mixed freshwater and seawater or formation water,karstification in meteoric weathering related to the later Caledonian and Hercynian tectonic activities,the middle and deep buried-diagenesis in formation water or hydrothermal fluid and karstification in meteoric weathering in Yanshan and Himalayan period. In different episodes of diagenesis,the meteoric fresh water has played different roles. In the early stage of meteoric diagenesis,the shallowing-upward high-frequency sequence boundary is characterized by molds,dissolved-pores related to fenestral and fabric-selective pores,less negative excursion of δ13C & δ18O and similar87Sr/86Sr of cement and matrix when compared to the coeval sea water,non-luminescent cements(CL)and a few small liquor phase inclusions in cements. In the middle stage of diagenesis,the karstification has been developed in subaerial exposure period in Caledonian and Hercynian,which is characterized by non-fabric-selective pores and vugs,a more pervasive non-luminescent of middle and coarse calcites or dull orange dolomites with δ18O and δ13C depletion and positive values of87Sr/86Sr,oxygenated hydrocarbons(asphalt)and hydrocarbon-bearing,and the low-temperature immiscible inclusions in cements and filling minerals. In addition,this stage of diagenesis has experienced post-meteoric weathering,overprinted and modified by later deep burial diagenesis. In the late stage of diagenesis,the last karstification happened in meteoric weathering environment in Yanshan and Himalayan period,which is documented by isolate-distribution of pores and vugs and fractures with mostly filled by calcites and clay,precipitation of the coarse and giant calcites crystal with δ18O and δ13C strongly negative excursion($\delta^{13}C_{PDB}$=-4.6‰~-23.4‰,$\delta^{18}C_{PDB}$=-8.6‰~-17.8‰),and the low-temperature immiscible inclusions(homogenization temperature <28.5℃),indicating a diagenesis triggered by meteoric fluid interacted with soil-related(carbon)organic acids or biological methane bacteria activities.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 278-292 [Abstract] ( 473 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 6181KB] ( 233 )
293 Guo Yan-Qin, Li Wen-Hou, Guo Bin-Cheng, Zhang Qian, Chen Qiang, Wang Ruo-Gu, Liu Xi, Ma Yao, Li Zhi-Chao, Zhang Meng-Ting, Li Bai-Qiang
Sedimentary systems and palaeogeography evolution of Ordos Basin
The types and characteristics of depositional systems and the evolution of the palaeogeographic environment of the Ordos Basin were studied comprehensively and systematically,based on many years of field surveys on the periphery outcrop of the basin and descriptions of some cores in the basin. Investigations of depositional environments,rock types,sedimentary structures,and palaeontological fossils in the basin reveal that the depositional system transformed from the continental-nearshore to the carbonate tidal flat environment during the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic Changcheng to Jixian period. During the Early Paleozoic Xinji to the Zhushadong period,the depositional system around the Ordos palaeo-continent in the western and southern margin of the basin evolved from the sand flat to dolomite flat environment. During the Mantou to the Sanshanzi period,sedimentation on the open sea platform dominated,but the area of the depocenters greatly varied. From the Yeli to the Liangjiashan period,the depositional system in the eastern and southern margins of the basin evolved from the argillaceous dolomite flat to the dolomite flat environment. The large-scale transgression in the Majiagou period resulted in extensive shallow-water epicontinental deposits. The deposition system in the Fengfeng period was dominated by the platform margin slope and continental slope trough deposits. During the Pingliang period, shoal deposits occurred on the platform margin in the southern part of basin. During the Beiguoshan period,the dominant open-platform and the fore-platform slope deposits were only distributed in the southwestern corner of the basin. The basin in the Late Paleozoic-Middle Triassic Benxi period was characterized by a filling process and the deposition in the tidal flat-lagoon-barrier island-shallow sea shelf. During the Taiyuan period,the range of the shallow sea shelf sedimentation in the eastern part reduced. During the Shanxi to the Zhifang period,the depositional systems were dominated by the delta and shallow lake deposits,with the depocenters considerably varied in different periods. In the Late Triassic Yanchang period-Cretaceous,lake deposits,as well as deposits of meandering rivers,braided rivers,and deltas dominated. The maximum lake transgression occurred in the Chang 7 period. During the Fuxian to the Anding period,the meandering river,delta,and shallow lakes deposits were developed. The depocenter of the shallow lakes varied significantly in different periods,and the deep lake sediments occurred in the Anding period. During the Fenfanghe period,the alluvial fan deposits dominated. In the Cretaceous,the depocenter became smaller and is characterized by dominant desert and shallow lake deposits.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 293-320 [Abstract] ( 570 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 62137KB] ( 752 )
321 Li Xiang-Dong, Que Yi, Huan Ya-Qi
Deep-water channel deposits of contour current in the lower part of Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation of Shixiagu section in Zhuozishan area,western margin of Ordos Basin
The Lower Member of Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation in Zhuozishan area of western margin of Ordos Basin is characterised of dark gray thin- to medium-bedded limestones intercalated with very thin-bedded grayish black shales,while the limestones have slight lenticular shapes and little post-depositional effects,and the Shixiagu section is an ideal one for studying sedimentary processes with its obvious vertical variation. Based on the detail fieldwork,we further ascertained the deep-water slope depositional environments and contour current deposits from sedimentary structures and characteristics of sedimentary rocks. Furthermore,we discussed the hydrodynamics and depositional mechanisms according to their characteristics of fillings and shapes. The results show that: (1)Crystal fragments are punctate distribution with marl between them in calcisiltite and calcilutite as well as the inhomogeneous texture with alternating distribution of calcite coarse microcrystalline,fine microcrystalline and cryptocrystalline within the single bed. (2)Limestones are mainly developed grain-size(crystal grain of calcites)related sedimentary structures which include bigradational grading,banded structure and plane-uniform-plane succession. (3)Lenses are well developed in limestones which include continuous small-scale lenses in the thin bed layers,long lenses in the medium bed layers(usually less than 30cm)and lenticular shapes formed by multi limestone beds with symmetric pinch in single beds and the hole lens are pinching out in both shale and high topography.(4)Thinning-upward packages and their amalgamated beds are developed in the study section;Combining the previous research findings,we believe that the thin- to medium-bedded limestones in the Lower Member of Kelimoli Formation were deposited in deep-water environments with pervasive bottom currents which have the hydrodynamic characteristics of low velocity,weak-strong-weak periods and dimensional confine,and are supposed to be contour currents channel deposits. Their depositional mechanisms include three stages, i.e. clear water deposition of calcites before contour currents action,re-deposition during contour currents action and the turbid water deposition of mud.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 321-338 [Abstract] ( 461 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 14673KB] ( 200 )
339 Xing Zuo-Chang, Zhang Zhong-Tao, Lin Chang-Song, Feng Xuan, Hong Fang-Hao, Gong Yue
Features and origin of the early Miocene grooves in northern Liwan sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
Grooves and their origin are the research hotspots in sedimentology and palaeooceanography in recent years. Based on the high resolution 3D seismic data in Liwan sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin,multi-kilometer scale grooves are identified, for the first time, in the early Miocene strata of the study area. These grooves are located in deep-water basin away from the shelf slope break roughly parallel to the strike of northern South China Sea shelf margin break during the early Miocene. They can be subdivided into four sub-zones. They are straight or arched,or ripple-like in shape and their geometry parameters have different characteristics in different sub-zones. In addition,there are large bands of high amplitude anomalies at the bottom of some grooves,which may correspond to coarse-grained sediments or be rich in natural gas. According to their features,it is inferred that their origin may be related to bottom currents,which was influenced by the intermediate water circulation widespread in the basin. The bottom currents,which were mainly controlled by palaeogeomorphology during the early Miocene,eroded the seabed and formed the grooves. This study not only contributes to the hydrocarbon exploration in ultra-deep water area in northern part of South China Sea,but also provides new evidence for the early Miocene palaeooceanographic research in South China Sea.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 339-350 [Abstract] ( 430 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 18192KB] ( 211 )
 
PALAEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOUCES
351 Zhang Ya-Guan, Du Yuan-Sheng, Chen Guo-Yong, Liu Jian-Zhong, Chen Qing-Gang, Zhao Zheng, Wang Ze-Peng, Deng Chao
Three stages dynamic mineralization model of the phosphate-rich deposits: Mineralization mechanism of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite in central Guizhou Province
The Kaiyang and Weng'an phosphate-rich depositional district that developed in central Guizhou Province during the depositional period of Sinian Doushantuo Formation has high ore yield and P2 O5 grade and is the phosphorite one of the most important phosphate resources region in the world. The phosphorites deposits of central Guizhou Province developed along the shallow-water margin of Qianzhong Oldland. These phosphatic beds are predominantly composed of reworked clastic phosphorites interbedded by pristine phosphatic marls,biogenetic phosphorite and diagenetic unconsolidated phosphorite. The dynamic sedimentary and mineralization process of the Kaiyang-type high-grade phosphorite could be called three stages mineralization process. The first stage is the pristine phosphogenesis: Upwelling of the bottom waters might have brought P-enriched waters to the shallow photic zone,stimulating the supersaturation of phosphate in seawater through the bio-chemical dynamism and then the precipitation of francolite. The second stage is the winnowing and reworked process: The syndepositional wave- and storm-induced erosion,winnowing and reworking continuously restructured pristine phosphatic facies and removed the lighter terrigenous grains,forming assemblages of economic granular phosphorites. The last stage is the exposing and leaching process: The exposure event caused by the sea-level fall led to weathering and leaching of phosphatic successions,the slightly acidic meteoric water dissolved carbonate minerals and created carbonate-rich solutions which travelled through subsurface drainage,resulting in secondary enrichment of phosphate. The three stages mineralization process regulated by the palaeogeography and frequent sea-level changes dynamically and repeatedly worked on the phosphate deposits,finally forming the high-grade and economically significant phosphate ores.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 351-368 [Abstract] ( 409 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 32361KB] ( 243 )
369 Huang Ren-Chun, Xing Feng-Cun, Fan Xiao-Jun, Zou Yu-Tao
Establishment of high-precision sequence stratigraphic framework of the Changxing-Feixianguan Formations and prediction of reef-shoal reservoirs in Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin
To clarify the development characteristics of sedimentary facies and reservoir of ultra-deep large reef-shoal marine gas field of the Upper Permian Changxing-Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Yuanba area of Sichuan Basin,high-precision isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework was established by well-seismic crossfeed mode,and it revealed that the sedimentary facies belt distribution and reservoir development obviously have close relation with the sequence stratigraphic framework. Then,extraction of the sensitive attributes,inversion and the correspondence analysis of sedimentary facies of the platform margin reef-shoal was carried out, and the growth characteristics of reef-shoal were described systematically. The drilling verification analysis reveals that the coincidence degree of the prediction of reef-shoal reservoir development characteristics based on the high precision sequence stratigraphic framework and the drilling results is high. It effectively explained why the gas prodction of the wells developed in reef-shoal facies belt is higher than one million cubic meters. The study further defined and characterized the plane characteristics of shelf,platform margin slope,platform margin,open platform,restricted platform facies and subfacies including bioclastic banks,platform margin reef bank,platform margin reef,oolitic bank and interbank sea in Yuanba area. It will estabish a good foundation for the integration of the exploration and development of Yuanba region.
2019 Vol. 21 (2): 369-378 [Abstract] ( 453 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 8877KB] ( 237 )
JOPC

          Dynamic academic
First notice of the 18th National Conference on Palaeogeography and Sedimentology
Together struggle for 20 years
The first 100 cited articles of 20th anniversary of founding of JOPC
                         more>>
 
          Read Articles
 
          Download Articles
 
 
  
 
 
 
Telephone：010 6239 6246　Email:Jpalaeo1999@163.com
Copyright 2009 Journal of Palaeogeography Editorial