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JOPC 2022 Vol.24 Number 1
2022, Vol.24 Num.1
Online: 2022-01-01
SPECIAL ISSUE ABOUT“MARINE PALAEOGEOGRAPHY”
 
SPECIAL ISSUE ABOUT“MARINE PALAEOGEOGRAPHY”
1 Xu Shu-Mei, Kong Jia-Hao, Li San-Zhong, Shu Peng-Cheng, Ma Hui-Lei, Cui Hui-Qi
Concept,model,formation and disordered variation of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy
This paper mainly focuses on the concept,model,formation and disordered variation of the Ocean Plate Stratigraphy(OPS). The sedimentary records of the ancient ocean floor after subduction and collision include the orogenic mélange and continental margin accretionary complexes,which can be reconstructed by micropaleontology and isotope chronology. The reconstructed stratigraphy from the mélange and accretion complex is here referred to as “Ocean Plate Stratigraphy”. The basic composition of OPS reconstructed from the mélange and accretive complexes of orogenic belts is similar,but the composition and types of OPS are different due to the different magma background of oceanic lithosphere. The paper introduces how to re-establish OPS from the accretive orogenic belt undergoing subduction and collision based on different types of oceanic plate strata. The purpose of introducing the concept of OPS is to re-establish the stratigraphic units of the vanished ocean basin and marginal sea basin. It will play a positive role in promoting the stratigraphic analysis of orogenic belt,in restoring the orogenic belt tectonic paleogeography,and in studying the paleogeography during major tectonic changes and plate reconstruction.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 416 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1207KB] ( 433 )
11 Ma Hui-Lei, Xu Shu-Mei, Li San-Zhong, Shu Peng-Cheng, Cui Hui-Qi, Kong Jia-Hao
Reconstruction of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy from the young orogen

The paper focuses on reconstruction of the Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS)from young orogenic belts—the Pacific Ocean Plate Stratigraphy,from the Phanerozoic accretionary complex and orogenic mélange,and also briefly introduces reconstruction of the OPS of the eastern ancient Indian Ocean (East New Tethyan Ocean)and ancient Asian Ocean. Through petrology,paleontology and stratigraphy analysis on the Mesozoic accretionary complexes of the southern Alaska,the Jurassic and early Cretaceous accretionary complexes of far east Russian and northeastern China,the Permian-Jurassic-Cretaceous accretionary complexes of Japan,the Jurassic accretionary complexes in the Philippines and the middle Jurassic-Paleocene Francesca accretionary complexes in California,the Pacific Ocean plate stratigraphy are reconstructed. The middle Jurassic-Paleocene Francesca complex in the California coastal mountains has been studied in depth. The overlying ophiolite (Grand Valley Group of the forearc basin ophiolite)in the subduction zone is effectively distinguished from the Marin Cape complex (its protolith is the mid-ocean ridge basalt)in the north of Francesca. The subduction and collision of the Pacific plate and the associated rifting and spreading of the front arc basin are also clarified. Nevertheless,the retention and episodic accretion of the plate subduction with a short lifespan may not be easily identified in the subduction system.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 11-32 [Abstract] ( 420 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3979KB] ( 385 )
33 Cui Hui-Qi, Xu Shu-Mei, Li San-Zhong, Shu Peng-Cheng, Ma Hui-Lei, Kong Jia-Hao
Reconstruction of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy from the ancient orogen

The paper focuses on reconstruction of the Oceanic Plate Stratigraphy (OPS)from the Precambrian accretionary complexes and mélange of ancient orogenic belts,including the Pacific OPS reconstructed from the Neoproterozoic Mona Supergroup mélange in Anglesey,Wales,United Kingdom,and the Paleo-Indian OPS reconstructed from the Early Archean Cleaverville greenstone belt,Pilbara,northwest Australia. The early Archean basalt-silicate-clastic sequence in the Marble Bar area of the East Pilbara Block of Australia is highly similar to the Permian-Triassic ocean plate strata of Japan in rock composition and geochemical characteristics. This conclusion will provide strong support for evolution of the sedimentary environments of the early Archean OPS from the high-heat flow ridge spreading area,through the hot spot,to the low-heat flow trench,terrigenous clastic depositional zone. According to the rock records of the OPS in the accretive orogenic belt,the main composition and rock types of the OPS strata from the Archean to the present are similar. Therefore,the processes of ocean spreading,deposition,subduction and accretion have not changed significantly during the Earth's 3.8-byr-history. However,the oceanic plate properties and the oceanic plate stratigraphic composition of young orogenic belts may have changed with time. Precambrian mantle temperature was slightly high,and the degree of partial melting was high in the Archean. The melting amount greatly exceeded the expansion rate of the ocean crust,so the sheet dike group did not form in ancient oceanic crust.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 33-44 [Abstract] ( 422 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2484KB] ( 311 )
45 Li Xiang-Dong
Mechanism of wave-current interaction and identification of sedimentary structures of combined-flow
Wave-current interaction is one of the main types of flow interaction under complex hydrodynamic system,and the deposits of combined flow affected by wave-current interaction is one of the common sedimentary types studied in this area. In this paper,the movement mechanism of fine-grained sand and the sedimentary features under the wave-current interaction are reviewed and predicted,and the identification characteristics of sedimentary structures of combined-flow are summarized. The main conclusions include: (1)wave-current interaction leads to the waning flow suspended deposits in general. The microsedimentary mechanism include: the spray deposit beyond brink point(S1),residual vortex deposit(S2),the spray deposit under brink point(S3),avalanching deposit in the lee side(S4),vertical falling deposit(S5);(2)deposition processes under wave-current interaction are mainly controlled by the suspended sand amount and the deposition time,and the five sedimentary mechanisms resulted in different deposition associations and different morphologies of sea bed;(3)the identification on sedimentary structures of combined flow include: combined-flow ripple,combined-flow-ripple lamination,climbing combined-flow-ripple lamination,asymmetry hummocky cross-bedding,quasi-planar lamination,and frequent alternation of wave-ripple and current-ripple bedding. The studies in this paper are significant for understanding the sedimentology under complex hydrodynamic conditions and the identification of deep-water and shallow water sedimentary environments.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 45-60 [Abstract] ( 380 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1458KB] ( 265 )
61 Li Li-Ni, Zhao Zhi-Gang, Cui Yu-Chi, Liu Shi-Xiang, Tang Wu, Lu Yi, Qiao Pei-Jun
“Source-to-sink” analysis of turbidite deposits in the Upper Cretaceous-Eocene Rajang Group in southern South China Sea
The southern South China Sea(SCS)is widely developed with large-scale deltas,down-cutting channels and deep-water turbidite fans. These geological structures are enriched with oil and gas resources and have a good potential for exploration. The Rajang Group sediments in the central Borneo formed a very thick deep-water turbiditic sequence which was deposited between the Late Cretaceous and early-middle Eocene. The fan system was deposited in an interval of at least 30 Ma and became one of the world’s largest ancient submarine fans. Due to the lack of systematic source-to-sink analysis,the provenance evolution and sedimentary infilling processes of the Rajang Group sediments remains ambiguous,which strongly affect the petroleum resources assessment. In this study,we conducted petrography,heavy mineral analyses and detrital zircon U-Pb dating,to generate a comprehensive interpretation of sediment provenance evolution in the southern South China Sea during the Eocene. We find that during the late Mesozoic to early-middle Eocene,the Rajang group was mainly controlled by the local uplift area of magmatic rocks in the northern South China Sea and Indo-China Peninsula;Since the late Eocene,the Sarawak Orogeny induced intense uplift and deformation of the Rajang Group,resulting in the Rajang Group exposed in the central Borneo and extended into the oil-bearing Sarawak Basin now. There was no good reservoir in the Rajang Group,because the strata were dominated by mud with very thin sandstone deposited. However,there may be good shallow water reservoirs in the Beikang-Nanweixi basins on the north side of Zengmu basin,and these will be the potential target of hydrocarbon exploration.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 61-72 [Abstract] ( 365 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 17070KB] ( 459 )
73 Wu Zhe, Zhang Li-Li, Zhu Wei-Lin, Shao Lei, Yang Xue-Qi
Sedimentary environment evolution and tectonic evolution of the Cretaceous to early Oligocene in northern South China Sea
During the Cretaceous to early Oligocene,the northern South China Sea(SCS)experienced a significant transition from Andean-type to passive Pacific-type continental margin,which was faithfully recorded in sedimentary strata. By combining the regional tectonic background of the southern SCS,we reconstructed the sedimentary and tectonic history of the northern SCS from the Cretaceous to early Oligocene,based on basin analysis,well logging and seismic interpretation. (1)The Cretaceous are widely distributed in the northern South China Sea,but the distribution of Paleocene is very limited. During the early-middle Eocene,the Qiongdongnan Basin developed small-scale,shore-lacustrine and delta fan facies within local deep sags,whereas the Baiyun Depression formed extensive lacustrine facies. During the late Eocene-early Oligocene,the Qiongdongnan Basin and Baiyun Depression were both influenced by the SCS transgression,and widely developed shore-neritic and coastal plain strata. (2)The tectonic evolution includes five stages: This study provides detailed discussion and comparison on the development of the Andean-type continental margin of the Cretaceous,the development of mountain basin and palaeo-orogenic belts of the Paleocene,rifting processes during the early-middle Eocene,break-up unconformity of the late Eocene-early Oligocene,and the final seafloor spreading during the eastern SCS in the late Oligocene. The study further discussed the Late Mesozoic/Early Cenozoic geodynamic transition and the Eocene marine sedimentary features.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 73-84 [Abstract] ( 420 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3974KB] ( 276 )
85 Zheng Jin-Yun, Pang Xiong, Liu Jun, Zhang Zhong-Tao, Zhang Qing-Lin, Han Jin-Yang, Jia Zhao-Yang
Staged differential subsidence and its genetic mechanism in post-rifting stage of Pearl River Mouth Basin
The post-rifting subsidence characteristics of the Pearl River Mouth Basin,located in the northern margin of the South China Sea,are different from those of typical intracontinental rift basins,and have distinguishing feature of the South China Sea. The results show that there are four stages of orderly differential subsidence in post-rifting stage: (1)During the early Oligocene(~ 33~27 Ma),the basin was dominated by slow subsidence and characterized by large-scale transgression;(2)During the late Oligocene(~ 27~23 Ma),the basin characterized by the strong subsidence of Zhu IV depression,adjacent to the northwest sub-basin of the South China Sea. Differential subsidence controls the development of shelf-slope break zone and the distribution of shallow-water and deep-water sedimentary environment respectively in shelf and slope during this period;(3)During the early and middle Miocene(~23~10 Ma),the strong subsidence area extended northward to Zhu II depression,especially the Baiyun sag,which resulted in the northward transition of continental shelf slope break and established the present sedimentary environment pattern of shallow-water and deep-water respectively in shelf and slope;(4)From late Miocene to present(~10~0 Ma),the tectonic subsidence of the continental margin gradually weakened. The continental slope changed from a depositional area to a bypass area, and a large number of sediments entered the northwest sub-basin. The initial time of rapid subsidence in Oligocene corresponds to the transition of the spreading ridge in the South China Sea. Post-rift subsidence of continental margin expands northward with the southward transition of spreading ridge,accompanied by early strength and late weakness of magmatism. The amount of subsidence is positively related to the thinning degree of the crust during the rift stage. It reflects that the continental margin lithosphere experienced the evolution process of early balanced adjustment of flexure and the orderly evacuation of mantle materials to the south,because of the transition of spreading ridge in the South China Sea. The orderly differential settlement of the Pearl River Mouth Basin controls the development of the shelf slope break zone,and then controls the distribution of the shallow water and deep water sedimentary systems. Different depression zones in the basin have different tectonic subsidence history,which shows that their thermal evolution history must have the same zoning differences,thus having different hydrocarbon generation and diagenesis laws. It provides reference for the exploration and research of continental margin rift basins.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 85-98 [Abstract] ( 425 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 17770KB] ( 344 )
99 Li Zhi-Gao, Ding Lin, Li Xiao-Ping, Wu Yu-Xiang, Li Xiao, Guo Wei, Xiang Qiao-Wei
Sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of the western Zhu Ⅰ depression during the early-middle Miocene, Pearl River Mouth Basin
Large marine deltas are widely distributed and their sedimentary dynamics are complex. Their fine stratigraphic-sedimentary architecture and evolution are the focus of research in the field of sedimentology for a long term. By integrating core,logging and 3D seismic data,this paper combines the analysis methods of high-resolution seismic sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology to make a comprehensive investigation of the sedimentary characteristics of the early-middle Miocene in the Enping area on the west side of the paleo Pearl River Delta. The main microfacies units of river-controlled deltas such as braided channels and meandering channels are identified,and the typical microfacies developed in wave-controlled deltas such as coastal sand ridge are also revealed. Under the constraint of high-frequency sequence framework,the evolution characteristics of the paleo Pearl River Delta in an individual typical sequence system are revealed: the lowstand systems tracts are dominated by river-controlled delta,with the occurrence of large intersecting braided channels;while within the transgressive and highstand systems tracts,channels are significantly smaller in scales,dominated by small-scale meandering channels,and have typical characteristics of wave movement such as coastal sand ridges. In addition,according to the systematic mapping and evolution analysis of the early Miocene sedimentary facies belt in the Enping area,six large river diversion phenomena were identified within ca. 6 Ma. It is speculated that the sedimentary evolution in the Enping area is obviously affected by the autogenic process.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 99-111 [Abstract] ( 437 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 6011KB] ( 252 )
112 Guo Wei, Xu Guo-Qiang, Chen Zhao-Ming, Li Xiao, Xiang Xu-Hong, Liu Dong-Qing
Sedimentary filling characteristics and evolution of the Paleogene Wenchang Formation in Baiyun main sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin
Due to the lack of drilling data and complex geological conditions,characteristics of de positional system and associated sedimentary-filling evolution in the third-order sequence framework of Wenchang Formation in Baiyun main sag lack systematic study,which seriously restricts the oil and gas exploration in the deep strata of Baiyun main sag. Based on 3D seismic data and drilling data,this paper reconstructs the sedimentary system of the third-order sequence of Wenchang Formation by using new technologies and methods such as the restoration of original form structure section of sedimentary sequence,the analysis of enhanced seismic facies,and the seismic scanning interpretation of sand bodies,then restores the sedimentary-filling evolution process of Wenchang Formation in combination with the characteristics of tectonic evolution. The results show that there are four “source-to-sink” systems in the Wenchang Formation of Baiyun main sag. They are large-scale braided delta-lacustrine facies deposits developed in the northwest inherited gentle slope zone and derived from pure terrestrial clastics,large-medium scale braided delta-lacustrine facies deposits developed in the northeast gentle slope zone and derived from terrigenous-pyroclastic mixed sources,inshore subaqueous fan and fan delta-lacustrine facies deposits developed in the southwest abrupt slope zone and sourced from pure terrigenous clastics,small-scale nearshore subaqueous fan and fan delta-lacustrine deposits developed in the southeast steep slope zone and derived from terrigenous-pyroclastic mixed sources. The sedimentary evolution of the Wenchang Formation in Baiyun main sag can be divided into six stages: fluvial deposition(lower segment of WCSQ1),fluvial-lake deposition(upper segment of WCSQ1),ultra-deep lake occurrence(lower segment of WCSQ2),ultra-deep lake early filling(upper segment of WCSQ2),ultra-deep lake filling(WCSQ3,WCSQ4)and shallow lake occurrence(WCSQ5). The lake basin undergone a sedimentary evolution process of initial basin forming,intense rift into ultra-deep lake,large-scale sedimentary filling into deep lake and semi-deep lake,and finally sedimentary filling into shallow lake.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 112-128 [Abstract] ( 400 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 8068KB] ( 236 )
129 Zhang Qing-Lin, Zhang Xiang-Tao, Xu Chang-Hai, Zheng Jin-Yun, Jia Zhao-Yang
Application of fission track thermochronology in provenance analysis of the Oligocene Zhuhai Formation in Pearl River Mouth Basin
The Oligocene Zhuhai Formation is one of the main reservoirs in the Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB), northern South China Sea. However,the key issues such as the provenance location and sediment transport path are still controversial. Zircon fission track(ZFT)and apatite fission track(AFT)thermochronology are carried out for sandstone samples from the upper Zhuhai Formation of three key wells in different structural units of PRMB to analyze the provenances of Zhuhai Formation. The ZFT and AFT age components of Well XJ28 in Xijiang sag are similar to those of Well LW3 in Baiyun sag,and include the ZFT age components of Late Triassic. Furthermore, the main age components of ZFT and AFT are Cretaceous and Paleocene respectively. In contrast,the ZFT and AFT age components of Well LF7 are obviously younger than those of the first two wells and the main ZFT age component of Well LF7 is Paleocene. The ZFT and AFT age components of those three wells indicate the provenance of the upper Zhuhai Formation is mainly from the South China block in the north of PRMB,but there are obvious provenance differences between the western and the eastern of the basin. The provenance characteristics of Wells XJ28 and LW3 in the western basin are generally consistent,both of which are supplied by the ancient Zhujiang River water system. The provenance is mainly the Mesozoic granite in the ancient Zhujiang River drainage area,and also includes the Mesozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of South China block. The provenance of Well LF7 in the eastern basin is mainly the coastal Mesozoic granite in the north of Lufeng sag. The provenance composition is relatively simple and the sediment transport distance is relatively short.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 129-138 [Abstract] ( 419 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1501KB] ( 260 )
139 Sun Dan-Dan, Liu Ping, Zhang Jie, Yu Jun-Jie, Yue Wei, Wang Ji-Long, Peng Bo, Liu Yan, Li Yue, Chen Jing
Identification and significance of the Late Pleistocene transgressive strata in the bays of northern Fujian Province based on geochemical element indicators of sedimentary origin
The lack of micropaleontological records in the Late Pleistocene strata along the Fujian coasts has greatly restricted the further understanding on the regional land-sea interaction. This study aims to identify the transgressive strata of the Late Pleistocene in the two bays of northern Fujian,by using geochemical elements of sedimentary origin. Based on the analysis of the foraminifera and surficial sediments of Sansha Bay,the Sr/ Ba and Mn/ Fe are used as proxies to identify the possibility of transgression in the study area. The results suggest that there are three sets of dark grey layers in the two late Quaternary cores might be formed in a marine environment. Foraminifera are missed at the bottom of drilling cores in the open Xiapu Bay,while foraminifera are only observed in the upper drilling cores of semi-closed Sansha Bay. However,the sedimentary Sr/ Ba ratios in the three clay layers are much higher than 1 and similar to the modern tidal flat and bay system,indicating typical marine origins. This is also supported by the occurrence of marine dinoflagellates and abundant authigenic pyrites in these layers. Based on the existing chronology of the core(NDGK2),the three transgressive layers are possibly corresponding to the high-stands of the MIS5,MIS3 and MIS1,respectively. The mean ratios of Sr/ Ba and Mn/ Fe show an increase trend from MIS5 to MIS1,indicating marine influence is enhanced compared with the ratios of modern ti dal flat-bay system. This study shows geochemical elements of sedimentary origin can be used as an effective proxy to identify the Late Pleistocene transgression strata along the Fujian coast,which will help to further understand the process and controlling factors of the late Quaternary transgression in this area.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 139-151 [Abstract] ( 389 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1429KB] ( 287 )
152 Wu Chuang, Zhang Xiao-Dong, Xu Shu-Mei, Hu Ri-Jun, Jiang Sheng-Hui, Yang Zuo-Sheng
Spatial and temporal evolution of Lingnan Beach in Qingdao of Shandong Province and its influencing factors
Comprehensively and accurately assessing the spatial and temporal evolution of beaches is the premise of beach erosion protection. Comprehensively and accurately assessing the spatial and temporal evolution of beaches based on satellite imagery is of great significance to the erosion protection of beaches which lack long-term continuous measured data.In this paper,880 satellite images of Lingnan Beach from 1984 to 2021 were synthesized and downloaded from Google Earth Engine;the dry/wet line and waterline positions on transects were extracted using a method focusing on beach transects.Combined with simulated tidal heights,the beach profile morphology was analyzed. The beach slope,mean high and low tide lines were calculated,and the spatial and temporal evolution of Lingnan Beach was studied by using above multiple indicators. Combined with historical data,the main factors affecting the evolution of Lingnan Beach were analyzed,and the errors of the satellite-derived beach shorelines were evaluated using the measured data of the beach.The results show that the application of a large number of satellite images improves the temporal resolution,accuracy and reliability of the results. In 1984-2021,part of Lingnan Beach have experienced periodic rapid erosion with a rate of 5.2~60 m/a and a total amount of 30~78 m,lasting for about 0.5~11 years. The rapid erosion was mainly caused by human factors such as dredging sand,reconstruction and abandonment of aquaculture farms,while storm surges played a secondary role. Apart from rapid erosion periods,there was widespread slow erosion at Lingnan Beach,and the erosion rate was mostly less than 2 m/a,resulting from the relative sea level rise and the significant reduction of river discharged sediments into the sea.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 152-163 [Abstract] ( 375 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2631KB] ( 257 )
164 Gu Yu, Liu Xi-Ting, Wu Xiao, Wang Ai-Mei, Bi Nai-Shuang, Wang Hou-Jie
Sedimentary processes and records of the Holocene mud area off Shandong Peninsula
The Holocene mud areas on the eastern continental shelf of China are an ideal area for studying paleoceanography and paleoclimate. From the perspective of modern sedimentary processes and Holocene sedimentary records,previous research results of the Holocene mud area off Shandong Peninsula are summarized to provide references for further studies. The mud area off Shandong Peninsula is located along the coast of Shandong Peninsula. It is mainly formed by the sediment from the Yellow River and deposited under the interaction of coastal,upwelling and tide currents,exhibiting a unique “Ω” shape. The mud area off Shandong Peninsula was formed by the last deglacial transgression in the Holocene. The Yellow River sediments are thought to be the main source of the mud area,while the nearshore erosion and local small rivers along the Shandong Peninsula coast also contributed sediments to the mud area. The formation and evolution of mud area record rich environmental information and are related to multi-factors,such as paleoceanography,sea-level changes and inland paleoclimatic evolution. The sedimentation of the mud area off Shandong Peninsula can respond to the evolution of East Asian Monsoon rapidly,and its high sedimentation rate can provide high resolution archive for the evolution of paleoclimate in the Yellow River Basin,which provide references for predicting the Yellow River Basin evolution under global climatic changes in future. Although a great deal of work has been done on modern sedimentary processes,modern observation and numerical simulation are still needed to provide data and theoretical support for better reconstruction of sedimentary dynamic processes in the study area. In addition,the response of the depositional processes of clastic sediment and organic matter to the paleoceanography and paleoclimate in the long-time scale need to be better understood.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 164-179 [Abstract] ( 443 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 5381KB] ( 287 )
180 Tian Zhuang-Cai, Peng Zi-Qi, Jia Yong-Gang, Zhang Ming-Wei
In-situ observation of seabed micro-landform based on profiling sonar
Seabed geomorphology is a general term for the surface morphology of solid earth covered by seawater. Submarine geomorphic changes are often closely related to submarine geological disasters,which will cause damage to submarine pipelines,offshore platforms and other offshore engineering facilities. Therefore,in-situ observation for submarine landform is of great significance. We develop the in-situ observation system of profiling sonar for seabed micro-landform based on previous studies and the team’s years of experiments in independent research and development of instrument. The composition,function,working principle and working mode of the observation system are introduced in detail,and the processing and analysis methods of the observation data are proposed;then,the observation system is used to carry out the marker inspection experiment. By comparing the measurement data of the observation system with the measurement data of other equipment,the feasibility and data accuracy of the observation system are verified. Finally,the observation system is used to observe on the Zhujiajian landslide in Zhoushan sea area, which verified the feasibility of the observation system and showed that the observation system of profile sonar can be used for micro-landform.
2022 Vol. 24 (1): 180-190 [Abstract] ( 368 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2038KB] ( 226 )
JOPC

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Together struggle for 20 years
The first 100 cited articles of 20th anniversary of founding of JOPC
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