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JOPC 2013 Vol.15 Number 3
2013, Vol.15 Num.3
Online: 2013-06-01
TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONICS
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY
BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY
PAST AND PRESENT GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS AND HUMAN
 
TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONICS
293 Wu Haoruo, Li Zhong
Palaeogeographic and tectonic evolution of South Tianshan Ocean: Re-examination of radiolarian cherts and stratigraphic record of southwestern Tianshan
Devonian-Carboniferous radiolarian cherts are widely distributed in southwestern Tianshan，and formed a deep-water sedimentary belt from the Dushanzi-Kuqa highway on the east to the Aheqi area on the west.The radiolarian cherts ranging from the late Middle Devonian to early Visean of Early Carboniferous were found along the Dushanzi-Kuqa highway，and may be used the name “Kulehu Formation”.Studies of the biostratigraphy and sedimentary facies on the succession from the Pridolian Keketiekedaban Formation through the Lower Devonian Artengkesi Formation to the Kulehu Formation indicate the evolution of South Tianshan Ocean from shallow marine to deep oceanic basin.The South Tianshan Ocean was a small oceanic basin caused by rifting of the continental shelf on north Tarim margin.Tectono-palaeogeographic and palaeobiogeographic studies indicate that the South Tianshan Ocean was a branch of the Palaeo-Tethys and not belongs to the scope of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean.The spreading of branches of the Palaeo-Tethys on the south to Tarim in the Early Carboniferous and afterwards led the drifting northward of Tarim and the closing of the South Tianshan Ocean and the Palaeo-Asian Ocean in Junggar and north Tianshan region.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 293-304 [Abstract] ( 2461 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1987KB] ( 1006 )
305 Yang Guochen, Jiao Daqing, Xiao Bin, Chen Mingquan, Liu Jianjun, Wang Yanli,
Tectono-sequence-sedimentary characteristics，basin prototypes and their genetic mechanisms in Chagan sag of Yin-E Basin, Inner Mongolia
Through comprehensive research on the well-drilling，well-logging，3D and 2D seismic data，strata from the Cretaceous to Cenozoic in Chagan sag of Yin-E Basin, Inner Mongolia, was divided into two first-order sequences，four tectonic sequences，six super sequences and eleven sequences.According to the evolution characteristics of sedimentary filling of different sequence units in the isochronous sequence frameworks，the tectono-sequence relationship of different-order tectono-genetic sequence was established.Based on this，and combined with the study of tectonic stress mechanism and the evolution of regional tectonic stress field，and using the balanced section technique to analyze the tectono-sedimentary history of Chagan sag，the tectono-sedimentary evolution succession of the sag was subdivided into four first-order tectono-sedimentary evolution stages，several second-order and third-order tectono-sedimentary evolution stages.And then the tectonic and sedimentary characteristics，the nature and genetic mechanisms of the sag prototypes during different tectono-sedimentary evolution stages were discussed and analyzed.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 305-316 [Abstract] ( 1956 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3674KB] ( 858 )
317 Shi Hui, Liu Zhen, Ding Xuguang, Yang Qianzheng, Wang Biao
Fault slope-break zone and sedimentary facies distribution of the Paleogene-Neogene in southwestern Qaidam Basin
It has been determined that Qigequan，Hongliuquan，Alaer，East Alaer，Ⅷ，Kunbei and Ⅺ fault slope-break zones developed during the Paleogene and Neogene by distinguishing the slope-break on geological and seismic profiles，recognizing the slope-break zones on contour map and identifying the true palaeo-fault slope-break on structural balance profiles，with a series of comprehensive means，including T0，petrology，microfacies and strata thickness.The vertical development of fault slope-break zones can be divided into the embryotic stage(Paleogene)and the flourishing stage(Neogene)due to long distance effects of Tibet Plateau uplifting.The slope-break zones in shallow water controlled braided rivers and delta plain.Gravity flows may develop below the deep water slope-break zones.The sedimentary facies between those two belts are delta front and beach & bar which are the main exploration fields at present.The area below Ⅺ fault slope-break belt has the condition to develop deep-water turbidite and even might be the replacing for lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 317-326 [Abstract] ( 2158 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2467KB] ( 1020 )
327 Dong Min, Qi Jiafu, Yang Qiao, Yuan Feng
Characteristics of extension amounts and their temporal and spatial distribution of the Cenozoic of Huanghua Depression in Bohai Bay Basin
Based on the interpretation results of the structural characteristics of 22 seismic profiles of Huanghua Depression in Bohai Bay Basin，the amount of extension，the extensional coefficient and the extensional ratio have been calculated by technique of balanced geological cross-sections, moreover， the spatial and temporal distribution of the extension amounts has been analyzed in this paper.The results show that Huanghua Depression was characterized by episodic evolution in the Cenozoic，and also the temporal and spatial distribution of extension amount of this depression was very uneven.On one side，the extension amount in space was mainly caused by the stretching displacement of the main basin boundary faults.The extension amount was correspondingly larger where the stretching displacement of the main basin boundary faults was bigger.On the other side，the main extensional period can be divided into three periods which are the Eocene，the Oligocene and the Neogene.Among them，the extension in Eocene occurred mainly in the southern part of the basin while the one in the Oligocene occurred in the north-central part.And also，the extension amount in the Neogene was smaller and mainly occurred in the central.The temporal and spatial distribution of extension amount was controlled by basin tectonic deformation and tectonic evolution.In the Eocene，the stretching displacement of NNE trending Cangdong fault was the main factor that controlled the basin extensional deformation and the amount of the stretching displacement was larger in the southern area of the basin.In the Oligocene，the amount of the stretching displacement was relatively large in the north-central part.At the same time the NE trending basement normal fault which was induced by dextral strike-slip of the NNE trending basement fault in inner basin contributed a lot to the basin extension.In the Neogene，the NNE trending basement fault still had dextral strike-slip displacement when the basin was in the thermal subsidence process after the basin rift.It was the reason which caused the NE trending normal fault in the cover rock in the central part of the basin.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 327-338 [Abstract] ( 1948 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1063KB] ( 828 )
339 Shao Zhaoyi, Yang Jianguo, Wang Hongwei, Wu Genyao, Zhao Hailing
New understanding of interior structures and sedimento-tectonic evolution of Fangzheng Fault-Depression in eastern Heilongjiang Province
Based on the recent 3D seismic data，it is represented that the Yihantong fault（FZ3）is a main interior fracture of the Fangzheng Fault-Depression，which shows an obvious constraints in the Paleogene sedimento-tectonic evolution of the fault-depression.In addition，two other interior fractures，namely，the FZ4 and FZ5 faults, are determined by the data.Combined with characteristics of the FZ6 and FZ7 faults，the new understanding of the interior framework of Fangzheng Fault-Depression can be summarized to be that it is zonated transversely with the Yihantong fault being a boundary，and divided into three segments longitudinally.The sedimento-tectonic evolution in the Paleogene，separated into four periods，namely，the faulting period(Paleocene-Eocene)，the compression and uplifting period(end of the Eocene)，the differential subsidence period(Oligocene)and the inversion period(end of the Paleogene)，is reconstructed，which indicates that the east belt of the fault-depression，characterized with deeper subsidence and better developed strata，should be a new and important field for the future oil-gas exploration.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 339-350 [Abstract] ( 2127 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 240 )
 
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY
351 Mei Mingxiang, Su Dechen
Sedimentological response to uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A contribution from aeolian sandstones of the Cenozoic in Jiuquan area of Gansu Province
Since it led to the obvious change of both the surface environment of the Earth and the pattern of the atmosphere circulation，the rapid persisting uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Cenozoic is an important and conspicuous event of the global change.Lots of important concepts and ideas were resulted from studies on this important event，and many controversies were also caused from these studies.Aeolian sandstones and their relative deposits of the Cenozoic in Jiuquan area represent particular deposits formed by the environmental change that was controlled by the persisting uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Cenozoic.These aeolian sandstones are:（1)aeolian sandstones in the bottom part of the Paleogene Baiyanghe Formation，which delegated the product formed in arid and torrid environment controlled by Indian Summer Monsoon;（2)aeolian sandstones in the lower part of the Neogene Shulehe Formation，which represented the deposit generated in the humid environment that was also controlled by Indian Summer Monsoon;（3)lens of aeolian sandstones within the Quaternary Yumen Formation，which were resulted from the cold environment caused by the Winter Monsoon(or the Westerlies).Therefore，aeolian sandstones of the Cenozoic in the study areas became the importantly sedimentological response to peek the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Cenozoic，and provided an important thinking clue for further research on the uplift process of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Cenozoic.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 351-362 [Abstract] ( 1872 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 21209KB] ( 763 )
363 Yuan Xinpeng, Liu Jianbo
Characteristics and its palaeoenvironmental significance of the Middle-Upper Cambrian dolostones of Gudongkou section at Xingshan, Hubei Province
The dolostone was extensively deposited in the Middle-Upper Cambrian of the Upper Yangtze Platform，South China.It was formed in particular palaeoclimatic and palaeooceanographical environment，however，there still exist debates about its sedimentary environment and genesis.In this paper，based on the fine sedimentary research both in field and in laboratory，8 lithofacies types and 3 sedimentary cycles were identified，with the majority of the carbonates deposited in the subtidal zone or in the shaly basin of shallow marine carbonate platform，in the Middle-Upper Cambrian Qinjiamiao Group and Sanyoudong Group at Gudongkou section in Xingshan，Hubei Province.By overlapping sedimentary cycles and computing Fischer plots，the history of accommodation change of the Upper Yangtze Platform during Middle-Late Cambrian was analyzed，and 18 fourth-and 7 third-order cycles，which have preliminarily made up the curve of high-frequency relative sea-level change was identified.The temporal-spatial distribution of sedimentary facies in the Upper Yangtze Platform suggests that the relative sea-level of the platform was gradually dropping from Middle Cambrian to Late Cambrian，resulting in the sedimentary environment changing from shaly basin(or deep subtidal)to shallow subtidal，and the sedimentary facies changing from relatively-deep-water mixed deposition of terrigenous debris and carbonate sediments to relatively-shallow-water carbonate deposition.The sedimentary characteristics in the Upper Yangtze Platform during Middle-Late Cambrian are consistent with the global change，indicating the unique global “super-greenhouse” palaeoclimate and internal-platform relatively-high-salinity palaeoceanography.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 363-382 [Abstract] ( 2130 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4871KB] ( 1503 )
383 Zhou Lu, Wei Hong, Tang Yong, Kong Yuhua, Ren Benbing, Wu Yong, Guan Xu
Sedimentary palaeogeomorphology and lithology distribution of the Jurassic Badaowan Formation in Chepaizi area of Jungar Basin
Based on 3D seismic data，through fine well-to-seismic calibrations and structure elucidations，this paper has found out the position and type of the pinchout lines of different lithohorizons in the Jurassic Badaowan Formation in Chepaizi area of Jungar Basin;meanwhile，it has also discussed the controlling of pinchout line formed by the extent of palaeogeomorphology variation.The sedimentary palaeogeomorphological features of different lithohorizons have been shown after stratigraphical thickness analysis and seismic layer flattening. By analyzing the fault controlling effects of palaeogeomorphology，together with tectonic evolution profiles，we have systematically illustrated the palaeogeomorphology evolution and the altered palaeogeomorphological features. After analysis of seismic property，reservoir seismic inversion and sedimentary facies，especially the focus analysis on the controlling of deposition and lithology by palaeogeomorphology，we have revealed the characteristics of the sedimentary facies and lithology distribution of reservoir intervals in this area.The sedimentary palaeogeomorphology of Badaowan Formation in Chepaizi area undulates obviously，showing the slope-uplift-depression combination features; meantime, the slope gradient plays an important role in controlling the type of sedimentary facies，lithology and the sediment grain size.The shape and amplitude of low uplift in Badaowan Formation varies greatly during different deposition stages，while the tendency of gathering sand is more apparent when uplift amplitude increases.The valley is not only the channel to transport sediment，but also the key place to accumulate sand，due to which，the sand body distribution of nowadays is closely related to the valley extention direction.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 383-400 [Abstract] ( 2112 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 17018KB] ( 756 )
401 Yu Kuanhong, Jin Zhenkui, Dong Xiaodong, Su Kui, Zhang Wei,Du Hongyu, Chen Ying, Zhang Weidan
Sedimentary characteristics of the Cambrian slope controlled by synsedimentary faults in northern margin of Yangtze Platform

Based on summarizing regional data and practical investigation，the sedimentary characteristics of the slope controlled by synsedimentary faults were studied.It is found that rock types include pebble clastic limestone，micrite，cherts，shale and so on，with abundant sedimentary structures，and the thickness of sedimentary rocks in slope is much larger than that in platform and basin.Palaeogeographic division was controlled by bordering fault zone，and locations of platform，slope and basin remained stationary during different phases of the Cambrian.Region of the slope subsided in a tension environment，with a continuous increasing accommodation space and plenty of sediments from platform，which resulted in much thicker strata in slope than that in shallow platform and deep basin.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 401-412 [Abstract] ( 2082 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 5071KB] ( 1251 )
 
BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY
413 Wu Jie, Liu Chunlian, Jia Liangwen, Yang Tingting, Zhang Suqing, Yin Jian
Foraminiferal and ostracod distribution in surface sediments from Huangmao Bay of Pearl River Estuary and its influencing factors
Foraminiferal and ostracod assemblages in 100 surface sediment samples collected from the Huangmao Bay of the Pearl River Estuary were analyzed，leading to the identification of a total of 36 foraminiferal species belonging to 21 genera and 20 ostracod species belonging to 16 genera.The dominant species of the two faunas with a relative abundance higher than 10％ are Ammonia beccarii-Quinqueloculina akneriana rotunda-Cavarotalia annectens-Elphidium advenum and Neomonoceratina delicata-Sinocytheridea impressa-Bicornucythere bisanensis, respectively.The abundance and diversity of foraminifers and ostracods increase gradually seawards across the estuary.The Detrended Correspondence Analysis of foraminiferal and ostracod species suggested that the most important factor affecting the distribution of foraminifers and ostracods in the surface sediments of the Huangmao Bay is water salinity，followed by hydrodynamics.Besides，water depth has also a certain effect on the faunal distribution but not the main controlling factor.As a result of freshwater influencing，the environment of northern estuary is of low salinity and high water energy，which is not conducive to survival of foraminifers and ostracods，leading to a low abundance and diversity of the two faunas.On the other hand，because of the salinity increasing and the islands acting as the barrier to turbulent sedimentary environment，the abundance and diversity of foraminifers and ostracods increase rapidly in the southern estuary.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 413-422 [Abstract] ( 2353 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1013KB] ( 670 )
 
PAST AND PRESENT GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS AND HUMAN
423 Liu Bing, Jin Heling, Sun Zhong, Su Zhizhu, Zhang Caixia
Millennial scale climate change in the Holocene revealed by trace elements of aeolian deposits in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
This paper attempts to reconstruct the millennial scale climate changes in the Holocene by the characteristics of trace elements from the typical palaeosol-aeolian sand section with OSL ages in Gonghe Basin，northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Trace elements，except for the Co，Rb，Sr and Ba，reflect the similar climatic change with their peaks(high values) in palaeosols layers while the valleys(low values)in aeolian sand layers.This phenomenon thus can be regarded as the symbol of the regional warm-wet and cold-dry changes.The regional climate was dominated by the cold and dry in 11.8-10.0 ka while warm and wet from 10.0～9.2 ka .In 9.2～4.6 ka，the climate was relatively cold-dry and relatively warm-wet between 4.6 ka and 0.7 ka .Thereafter，it gradually tended to be cold and dry again.8 cold events were recorded in Gonghe Basin during the Holocene，which are very well corresponding to the cold phases in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Northern Atlantic Ocean，marking the higher consistency in millennial scale climatic change between Gonghe Basin and global change.
2013 Vol. 15 (3): 423-433 [Abstract] ( 2137 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1016KB] ( 976 )
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