Abstract: Objective To investigate relationship between the gene polymorphism of CYP1A1,GSTM1,environmental factors and the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma.Methods To explore the roles of CYP1A1,GSTM1 genes and environmental factors that played in the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma.we tested above such gene polymorphisms in the peripheral blood of 86 cases of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma family and 82 cases of control family,and did the on-site survey about the environmental risk factors.Results There were statistic differences between XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma family and control family in the distribution frequency of gene types of CYP1A1 MspI,GSTM1(P=0.002,P=0.001).Combined effects of the CYP1A1 MspI mutision genotype and GSTM1 null genotype indicated a notable interaction on the increased family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma,with an OR of 3.571(95%CI=1.738~3.346).Multiple logistic regression showed that water type,intaking of fresh vegetables,fruits,and CYP1A1 MspI mutision genotype are correlated with the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma(P=0.005,P=0.013,P=0.001).The intaking of fresh vegetables and fruits was protective factor(OR=0.278,95%CI=0.137~0.551),and the water type(OR=3.468,95%CI=1.562~6.551),and CYP1A1 MspI mutision genotype(OR=2.732,95%CI=1.741~3.886)were the risk factors for the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma.Conclusion The polymorphism of CYP1A1,GSTM1 genes plays a role in the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma.Drinking the river water and CYP1A1 MspI mutision genotype are risk factors for the family aggregation of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma,which maybe correlate with the high esophageal carcinoma incidence rate in the member of XinJiang Kazakh esophageal carcinoma family.