Objective To investigate the phycocyanine influenced CBDC activating CIK to kill liver cancer.Methods The flow cytometry was used to detect the phenotype of CBDC induced by phycocyanine.The MTT was used to detect the killing function of CBDC-CIK to BEL-7402 liver cancer.Results Phycocyanine promoted CBDC maturation by inducing CD86 and CD83 expressions.When the effector-target ratio of CBDC-CIK to BEL-7402 was 80∶1, phycocyanine of 100μg/mL improved of killing BEL-7402 function of CBDC.Conclusion Phycocyanine improves the CBDC-CIK killing liver cancer function through inducing CBDC maturation.

Objective The study was to construct and identify the eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-C3/Smad3, and then transfect it into MCF-7 breast cancer cells.To lay a foundation for further research on the biological function of Smad3 in the inhibition of breast cancer growth mechanism.Methods The cDNA was extracted from MCF-7 breast cancer cells by RT-PCR, the Smad3 gene fragment was amplified and extracted by PCR, and the amplified products were inserted into pEGFP-C3 eukaryotic expression vector then sequenced and identified by restrictive endonuclease digestion.The constructed recombinant plasmid was transitorily transfected into the MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the expression of Smad3 was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope, RT-PCR technology and westen blot.Results The experiment was successfully constructed the eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-C3/Smad3 and transiently transfected into MCF-7 cells.Conclusion The eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-C3/Smad3 was transiently transfected into MCF-7 cells.Smad3 gene and protein levels can be significantly raised.

Objective To explore whether Cetuximab(C225)can enhance the radiosensitization to human pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells line in vitro or to initially disclosure its mechanism.Methods A549 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of C225.Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8)assay was utilized to measure the inhibition of cell proliferation and determine 50% inhibition concentration(IC₅₀), and then 1/5 IC₅₀ was selected as the concentration in the follow-up experiments.The radiosensitizing effect of C225 on A549 cells was investigated by clonogenic assay.The cell survival curve was fitted by single-hit multi-target model and sensitizing enhance rate(SER)was calculated.Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of A549 cells were measured by flow-cytometry(FCM)analysis.Results The proliferation of A549 cells was inhibited which showed an obvious dose-effect relationship, and the IC₅₀ of 48h was 18.24μg/mL.The group of C225 plus radiation displayed the values of SF₂, D₀, D_q, which were significantly lower than those of radiation alone group(P＜0.05), and the sensitizing enhance rate(SER)of D₀ was 1.40.C225 plus radiation significantly enhanced the radiation-induced apoptosis in A549 cells(P＜0.05).The cell cycle analysis showed that cells arrested in G₀/G₁ phase by C225 treatment(P＜0.05).The number of cells in G₂/M phase was increased in radiation group(P＜0.05), and cells in C225 plus radiation group were arrested both in G₀/G₁ and G₂/M phrases(P＜0.05).The number of cells in S phrase of three groups was decreased, compared with control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion C225 could enhance the radiosensitivity of A549 cells line, which is probably associated with the inhibition of proliferation and sub-lethal damage repair of tumor cells.The enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis and cell cycle was arrested in G₀/G₁ phase.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the telomerase activity and radiosensitivity of surviving progeny from different doses irradiated cervical carcinoma cell.Methods The HeLa cells were irradited with 0, 2, 6, 10Gy of X-ray for three times and the surviving progeny were subculture.There were four groups:HeLa, HeLa-2, HeLa-6, HeLa-10.The telomerase activity was measured by the polymerase chain reaction-based telomeic repeat amplification protocol coupled with ELISA.And the expression of the hTERT mRNA were detected by the RT-PCR assay.The radiosesitivity index was examined by clone formation assay.Results The HeLa cells were treated by different doses of irradiation.The telomerase activity of HeLa group HeLa-2 group HeLa-6 group was(1.54±0.01), (1.87±0.01), (2.03±0.02)and the expression of hTERT mRNA was increased with the irradiation dose and was(0.44±0.03), (0.53±0.04), (0.74±0.07).Each parameter had significant differences among the survival progenies(P＜0.05).But the HeLa-10 group was(1.02±0.024)and(0.21±0.02)significantly reduced.Each group′s radiosensitivity was declined with the different irradiation dose.The telomerase activity and the expression of the hTERT mRNA was negatively correlated with radiosensitivity of each groups(r=-0.927, P＜0.01:r=-0.904, P＜0.01).Conclusion Radiosensitivity of the surviving progeny correlates with the telomerase activity and the expression of hTERT.

Objective To investigate the expression profiles and clinicopathologic parameters of WWOX and STAT3 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and to study their relationship.Methods 60 clinical HCC samples and paired adjacent normal tissues were assessed by immunohistochemisty staining method for WWOX and STAT3.Results The positive expression rate of WWOX in HCC was 35.00%, which was apparently lower than adjacent normal tissues(70.00%, P＜0.05).The positive expression rate of STAT3 in HCC was 71.67%, which was obviously higher than adjacent normal tissues(36.67%, P＜0.05).The negative WWOX staining was significantly correlated with clinical stage, diameter of tumor and differentiation of tumor.The positive expression of STAT3 was significantly correlated with blood vessel thrombosis, recurrence of tumor, diameter of tumor and differentiation of tumor.There was a significantly negative relationship of WWOX with STAT3.Conclusion WWOX inactivation and STAT3 overexpression might be involved in carcinogenesis and progression of the HCC.

Objective To investigate differential expression of HMGA2 and Smad4 in gastric carcinoma and its significance.To investigate association between HMGA2 and epithelial mesenchymal transitions.Methods Tissue samples from 80 gastric carcinoma tissues and 20 adjacent tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry for the expressions of HMGA2, Smad4, E-cadherin and vimentin.Results The positive expressions of HMGA2 and vimentin were 41.25%(55/80)and 67.5%(54/80), respectively.It is higher than that of adjacent tissues(P＜0.05).The positive expression of Smad4 and E-cad were 17.5%(14/80)and 26.25%(21/80)respectively, which is lower than that of adjacent tissues(P＜0.05).HMGA2 and vimentin expression in the gastric carcinoma was positive correlation;Smad4, E-cadherin and HMGA2 in the gastric carcinoma was negative correlation.The expression of HMGA2 was not related to the age and sexual, but it was correlated with differentiation, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).The expression of Smad4 was correlated with infiltration, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).Conclusion The upregulated expression of HMGA2, vimentin and the down regulated expressions of Smad4 and E-cadherin will promote the growth and the lymph node metastasis of gastric cancinoma in some degree.HMGA2 and Smad4 can be regarded as very important biologic markers in the gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of co-regulation of miRNAs and transcription factors(TF)to cancer genes.Methods We evaluated the enrichment of cancer genes in miRNAs and TFs targets using cumulative hypergeometric distribution test.Results Caner genes were preferentially co-regulated by miRNAs and TFs.The significant miRNA-TF co-regulation pairs took part in the regulation of some biological processes related to tumorgenesis, such as transcription factor activity, transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, MAPK signaling pathway, and so on.Conclusion The regulation of cancer genes are preferred to be controlled by miRNAs and TFs coordination.

Objective To detect the level of Twist gene in circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in patients with metastatic breast cancer and evaluate the reaction to treatment of every patient.We tried to discuss the prediction significance of Twist in CTCs to curative effect.Methods We detected the expression of Twist gene in CTCs from 58 metastatic breast cancer(MBC)patients by magnetic activated cell sorting(MACS)technology combined with RT-PCR.We evaluated the clinic significance and the curative effect of chemotherapy in MBC patients using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST).Results There was no positive expression of Twist mRNA in blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers based on our methods.Among 58 MBC samples, 19/58(32.8%)were found to express Twist mRNA.In three different breast cancer subgroups, Twist mRNA was expressed more frequently in the triple negative subgroups than in luminal A and Her-2 positive subgroups(P＜0.001).After two cycles of chemotherapy, the overall response rate(ORR)of MBC patients to chemotherapy in Twist mRNA positive group was lower than in Twist mRNA negative group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Some CTCs undergo EMT and express epithelial mesenchymal transition gene Twist.CTCs undergoing EMT in breast cancer patients may have a survival advantage because of resistance to chemotherapy.The presence of mesenchymal CTCs predicted resistance to chemotherapy and they maybe one of the reasons of invalid therapy of triple negative breast cancer.

Objective To study the expression of breast cancer stem cell-like markers CD44⁺CD24^-/low in basal-like breast carcinoma(BLBC)and their relation with the prognosis of BLBC.Methods We classified breast carcinomas into 4 groups:luminal A, luminal B/C, Her-2 over-expressing and triple-negative subtype with the expressions of ER, PR and Her-2, respectively.We classified triple-negative subtype into 2 groups:BLBC and normal breast-like group with the expression of CK5/6 and EGFR, respectively.Immunohistochemical(Envision method)was performed to all of the 5 groups, with the selection of antibodies for CD44 and CD24.Results (1)triple-negative group were 60 cases in all, expressed CK5/6 and EGFR in 41cases(68.3%), which was identified as BLBC;low expressed CK5/6 and EGFR in 19 cases(31.7%), which identified as the normal breast-like group.(2)32 cases expressed CD44⁺CD24^-/low phenotype in 41 cases of BLBC78.0%(32/41), compared with luminal A group of 37.9%(11/29), luminal B of25.9%(7/27), Her-2 over-expression group of 17.2%(5/29)and normal breast-like group of 26.3%(5/21)in BLBC(P＜0.05).(3)In all cases of breast cancer which can be evaluated in 145 cases with CD44⁺CD24^-/low immun-phenotype, Ki-67 index was higher and statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of human breast cancer stem cell markers CD44⁺CD24^-/low in BLBC was significantly higher than other types of breast cancer.Then, we can suppose an association between the prognosis of BLBC and the presence of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell.

Objective To investigate the correlation between ultrasonic features and Ki-67 of breast cancers.Methods The expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue in 80 cases with breast cancers who were examined by ultrasonography in preoperation were detected by immunohistochemical technique.Results In 80 cases of breast cancers, the expression of Ki-67 were positively correlated to tumor size, with tiny calcifications, with rich bloodstream and lymphatic metastasis(P＜0.05);the pression of Ki-67 was not related to mass edge and posterior echo attenuation(P＞0.05).Conclusion The ultrasonographic characteristics of breast cancer show correlation with the expression of Ki-67.Both combination of diagnosis and treating early breast cancer have some clinical significance.

Objective To investigate the relationship of mammographic features and histological findings in BI-RADS 3 and 4.Methods 75 patients with 88 cases were studied, which were categorized as BI-RADS 3 and 4, retrospectivly.The correlation between mammographic features and pathological findings was analyzed statistically.Logistic regression was used to improve the analytical results.Results There was difference between benign and malignant tumors:lesion type, margin, form, calcification morphologic and lymph node status.Logistic regression further showed that there was significant difference of margin with the odds ratio(OR)1.859, 95% confidence interval(95%CI)1.032~3.347, and confidence coefficient(P=0.039).But, no difference was found in different mammary gland type, density, spiculation, different diameter groups, calcification and its distribution(all with P＞0.05).Conclusion BI-RADS category 3 and 4:differences exist in category, margin, form, calcification morphologic and lymph node status between benign and malignant tumors, especially in the margin of a lesion.

As the evolutions of pathogenesis and oncotherapy on oncology, great progression has been made in treating with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent years, argon-helium cryoablation, which is a new therapeutic method, has been extensivly used in clinical.However, after treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma by argon-helium cryoablation, how to evaluate effectiveness economically and practically is still a puzzle in clinical application.In this review, we will approach the related research from home and aboard.

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma(NPC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in our country.The number of patients accounts for 80% in the world.Radiation therapy is the first choice for NPC patients.The technique of radiation therapy develops from conventional radiation therapy to precision radiation therapy.It develops from three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT)to intensity, which modulates radiotherapy(IMRT)and the emergence of the image guided radiotherapy(IGRT).These techniques not only improve the accuracy of radiation therapy, but also reduce the damage of radiation therapy.They gradually become the main techniques of modern radiation therapy.This parcel mainly introduces the application, the curative effect and the research status of the above techniques in NPC treatment.

Objective DNA methylation is intimately associated with tumorigenesis, progression and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer, which is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy.It regulates the expression of genes through altered DNA methylation at CpG islands of promoter.Aberration of methylation is relatively stable.Detection of methylation biomarkers in the serum has potential as a minimally invasive detection tool.A greater understanding of the mechanism of DNA methylation in ovarian cancer will be useful for improving early diagnostic, therapeutic responsiveness and evaluation of prognosis.

GRP78 as an endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperones has been found to be assoiated with tumorigenesis.GRP78 has high expression in tumortissues, which promoting the growth and metastasis of tumor.Expression of GRP78 may become an index to predict tumor prognosis.It has significance in the treatment of tumor.

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.Because PHC usually presents as an intermediate or advanced disease and occurs in the background of liver cirrhosis, most patients are not suitable for treatment with curative intent.Thus, effective systemic chemotherapy or molecular targeted therapy is required.The purpose of this article is to review the current status, progress of systemic chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy of PHC.