Objective The Objective of this study was to investigate the expression of SRC1 protein in gastric cancer,and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.Methods Thirty-six gastric cancer tissues and matched paracancerous tissues were collected.The expressions of SRC1 at levels of mRNA and protein were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.The expression of SRC1 protein in 286 cases of gastric cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry.The relationship between the expression of SRC1 protein and the clinicopathologic parameters of gastric cancer and the prognosis of the patients were analyzed.Results The expression of SRC1 at levels of mRNA and protein were significantly lower in gastric cancer tissues than that in the normal gastric tissues(P=0.004).There was no significant correlation between the expression of SRC1 protein in gastric cancer tissues and the clinicopathological parameters of gastric cancer patients.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate of SRC1 overexpressing group was significantly higher than that in the low expression group(P=0.009).Cox regression analysis showed that the low expression of SRC1,tumor invasion of T_4a~T_4b,lymph node metastasis N,and distant metastasis M1 were independent prognosis predictors of total survival time(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001).The low expression of SRC1 protein was associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer.Conclusion The expression of SRC1 protein is low in gastric cancer.The SRC1 expression may be an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer.The overexpression of SRC1 may be related to the development of gastric cancer,which may serve as a marker of tumor suppressor gene and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Objective In patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)undergoing radical surgery,there were still many inevitable recurrences and distant metastases,even after systemic postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.At the same time,many patients were in the stage Ⅳ at the time of initial treatment.The aims of this study were to investigate and compare the first-line chemotherapy(First-line Chemotherapy at Recurrence Post-adjuvant Chemotherapy,FCRPC)in NSCLC patients with distant metastasis after adjuvant chemotherapy with initial treatment at the phase Ⅳ of NSCLC patients with first-line chemotherapy(Initial First-line Chemotherapy,IFC).Methods A total of 603 patients with distant metastatic NSCLC were collected in this study.Among them,73 of them were FCRPC and 530 of them for IFC.Statistical methods for propensity score matching were used to balance the clinical features between FCRPC and IFC groups.Chi-square test was used to compare the short-term efficacy between FCRPC and IFC groups.Survival analysis was performed using regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results There was no significant difference in Objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)between FCRPC and IFC groups in NSCLC patients with distant metastases(ORR rate:27.46% in the FCRPC group,24.7% in the PFC group,P=0.851 and DCR rate:78.1% in the FCRPC group,65.6% in the PFC group,P=0.140).There was also no significant difference in the median progression-free survival(9.8 months in the FCRPC group and 8.5 months in the PFC group,P=0.337)and median overall survival(20.0 months in the FCRPC group and 14.4 months in the PFC group,P=0.087).Conclusion There is no significant difference in the prognosis of first-line chemotherapy between NSCLC patients with distant metastases and with initial treatment at the stage Ⅳ after adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of CDKN1C positive expression in bone marrow in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary acute myeloid leukemia.Methods 125 patients with MDS/AML were selected as the research subjects,and selected 20 healthy subjects as a healthy control group.The mRNA and protein expression levels of CDKN1C in CD34⁺ cells of MDS/AML patients were analyzed.The expression levels of CDKN1C were compared with those of MDS patients.The survival rate of patients with MDS and AML was analyzed by Cox regression analysis.The survival rate of MDS patients with different expression levels of CDKN1C was also analyzed.Results The expression of CDKN1C at levels of mRNA and protein in bone marrow CD34⁺ cells of MDS/AML patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls(P＜0.05).There has a positive correction with BM(P＜0.05).The survival rate of CDKN1C high expression group was significantly lower than that in the low and mediate CDKN1C expression groups(P＜0.05).The results of Cox regression analysis showed that age,high BM count,cytogenetic difference and the positive expression of CDKN1C significantly affected the survival rate of patients with MDS/AML(P＜ 0.05);The survival rate of MDS/AML chemotherapy in the CDKN1C positive group was significantly lower than that of CDKN1C negative expression group(P＜0.05).The survival rate of MDS/AML after chemotherapy AlloSCT CDKN1C positive expression group was significantly lower than that of CDKN1C negative expression group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of CDKN1C in bone marrow of MDS/AML patients was significantly increased,and the positive expression of CDKN1C significantly increased,and the positive expression of CDKN1C significantly affected the survival rate of MDS/AML patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of antithrombin Ⅲ(AT3)gene in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and its relationship with clinical features and prognosis.Methods The profiles of gene expression and related clinical data of 214 HCC tissues were collected from the public database.Correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the level of AT3 expression and clinical features,and the prognosis.Results Univariate analysis showed that with the low expression of AT3 in HCC tissues,there were a higher level of blood alpha fetoprotein(AFP)(P＜0.001),a larger tumor size(P=0.015),a poorer TNM stage(P=0.001),and a higher metastasis risk(P＜0.001).Survival analysis showed that tumor size was larger(P=0.023),multiple nodules(P=0.047),simultaneous cirrhosis(P=0.016),a poorer TNM stage(P＜0.001),a higher metastasis risk(P=0.001),and the lower expression of AT3(P=0.005).These were the risk factors of prognosis.Multivarate Cox analysis also showed a negative association between the expression of AT3 and the prognosis of HCC(HR=0.850,95%CI:0.745~0.970,P=0.016).Conclusion The expression of AT3 in HCC is associated with the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients.The low expression of AT3 is one of the risk factors for the prognosis of HCC.

Cervix carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in women.Bone metastases are uncommon,and mandibular metastases are particularly rare.Cervical cancer patients with bone metastases have very poor prognosis.Treatments reduce clinical symptoms and improve quality of life as the goal.

miRNA is a small class of endogenous non-coding RNA molecules that exist in eukaryotic cells.miR-331-3p is a member of miRNA family,which plays an important role in the physiological process.In recent years,effects of miR-331-3p on malignant tumors have been increased attention.Studies have demonstrated that miR-331-3p plays an important role in the development,recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors such as cervical cancer,liver cancer,glioblastoma and prostate cancer.These findings contribute to help the diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors.

Tumor cells,and a variety of stromal cells,immune cells and cytokines constitute a complex tumor microenvironment.Among them,tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are one of the most important stromal cells in microenvironment and actively participate in tumor growth,invasion and metastasis.Autophagic activity not only plays a key role in the cellular stress response and maintaining the stability of the internal environment,but it also is closely associated with tumor,involving in the generation and recruitment of TAMs precursor cells in the tumor microenvironment and the important regulatory steps of polarization of the precursor cells to TAMs.The study of autophagy-mediated control of TAMs is conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the tumor micro-environment in the complex regulatory network system,and may open a new situation in cancer treatment.

MLLT6(Myeloid/Lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia(Trithorax homolog,Drosophila);Translocated to,6),also known as AF17(ALL1 fused gene from chromosome 17 protein)and located in chromosome 17 long arm 2 zone 1 band(17q21),was originally isolated as a MLL partner gene in leukemia.It has been reported that MLLT6 has the function of maintaining blood pressure stability.MLLT6 synergistically promotes the development of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)as an oncogene or a gene fusion with mixed lineage leukemia(t(11;17)(q23;q21)).This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress of MLLT6 and MLL-MLLT6 fusion protein in leukemia.

The homeobox(HOX)gene is a special type of transcriptional regulator that plays an important role in physiological regulation mechanisms such as embryonic development,cell growth,differentiation and migration.Recent studies have found that HOX gene expression is abnormal and affects the occurrence and development of tumor.This review summarizes the progress of HOX gene and gynecologic oncology including cervical cancer,endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer,and the instruction and application of HOX gene in the treatment of cancer.We are making the guiding direction of exploring HOX gene through summarizing the existed research reports in order to alleviate the pain of gynecological cancer patients.

Endometrial cancer is one of three major gynecological malignancies.When compared with the traditional imaging methods,PET/CT combines the characteristics of anatomy and molecular imaging.In this paper,we describe its advantages in detection of metastatic lymph nodes,monitoring of disease recurrence and prognosis.The complementary effect is compared between PET and CT with MRI.With the development of new tracer and PET/MRI technology,the application of PET/CT is more extensive.

In recent years,capecitabine is widely used in clinical practice.Hand-foot syndrome is a dose-limiting toxicity,often manifested as numbness in the hands and feet,sensation of dullness,tingling,skin swelling or erythema,scaling,blisters or serious pain.Its occurrence has seriously affected the chemotherapy effect and daily life of patients.Genetic mutations of capecitabine metabolic enzymes play an important role in the drug efficacy and side-effect.In particular,the relationship between gene polymorphisms of CDA,CES,TP,DPD,TYMS,MTHFR and hand-foot syndrome has been widely investigated and achieved by researchers.This article reviews the relationship between capecitabine metabolizing enzymes and hand-foot syndrome in order to provide a reference for identifying the biological target of hand-foot syndrome caused by capecitabine chemotherapy.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the most common type of distant metastasis in all types of lung cancer except for SCLC,including brain,bone,liver and adrenal gland.Of the patients with distant metastases in NSCLC,not all cases are multiple and extensive,with nearly 7% of patients presenting with isolated extrapulmonary metastases.This particular form of advanced tumor metastasis is called NSCLC oligometastatic.Treatment of oligometastatic is mainly local treatment,which includes stereotactic radiotherapy(STR),surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation.The aim of this article is to discuss the effect of SRT on the micrometastasis of common distant metastatic organs in NSCLC.

Galectin-9 is a member of galectin,with chemotaxis eosinophils,regulating cell aggregation and adhesion,immune regulation and other functions.In recent years,many studies have shown that Galectin-9 plays an important role in a variety of malignant tumors,affecting tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis and other activities.This article focuses on the relationship between Galectin-9 and various malignant tumors,and explores its possible mechanism of action.

The Eph receptors and their ligand Ephrins are closely associated with angiogenesis,cell migration,neuronal localization and embryonic development.More and more studies have shown that the Eph receptor and Ephrins are involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers.In this article,we will focus on the Eph receptor family involved in the formation and development of lung cancer and metastasis,drug resistance and other mechanisms as well as their potential as targeted therapy of lung cancer.

Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are a special type of biomarker that can be used as a diagnostic tool to predict the prognosis of multiple tumors.At present,although circulating tumor cells have not been full clinically application,studies on circulating tumor cells have shown high clinical efficacy,especially in the fields of breast cancer,lung cancer,prostate cancer and colorectal cancer.This article reviews the research progress of circulating tumor cells in metastatic cancer and non-metastatic cancer,analyzes the clinical efficacy and practicability of circulating tumor cells.

Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR),a family of antioxidant family member, is widely distributed in the body.Its main function is to regulate the redox status of enzymes and transcription factors at the cellular level, and to participate in cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis.Meanwhile,it also provides favorable conditions for the occurrence and deterioration of malignant tumors.TrxR has three kinds of isoenzymes.TrxR2 distributed in mitochondria is also up-regulated in most malignant tumors and its expression is much higher than that in paracancerous tissues and normal tissues in recent studies.In addition, there is a lot of correlation between the up-regulated expression of TrxR2 and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of many malignant tumors.It is speculated that TrxR2 may be involved in the occurrence, deterioration and metastasis in malignant tumors.This article reviews the progress of TrxR2 in several malignancies to explore whether or not TrxR2 can be a biomarker of malignancy and serve as a novel target for oncology treatment.

Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)includes the non-coding information of most human DNA,accounting for more than 90% of the entire genome.LncRNAs consist of more than 200 nucleotides,usually lacking open reading frames and participating in the pathophysiology of the tumor.LncRNA can regulate a variety of tumor gene expression,imprinting,transcription and post-translational processing.LncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)as a potential tumor suppressor gene was first discovered in the endometrial carcinoma(EC)in 2004.CASC2 was found to be downregulated in tumors such as cervical cancer,colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,renal cell carcinoma,bladder cancer,glioma and thyroid cancer,while CASC2 overexpression inhibited tumor cell proliferation.This shows that CASC2 has tumor suppressor effect.In other tumors such as adrenal adenocarcinoma,the transcriptional level of CASC2 remained unchanged,indicating that the tumor suppressor effect of CASC2 is tissue-specific.This review summarizes the research progress of CASC2 in tumor origin,progression,mechanisms,and clinical therapeutic effects.

To date,various kinds of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been found using functional genomics.LncRNAs can regulate gene expression,and play a significantly important role in the development of diseases including cancer.There are multiple mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression mediated by lncRNAs,such as the regulation of transcription,the process of translation,protein modification,and RNA-protein formation or protein-protein complex formation.In this review,we primarily discuss the latest research progress of the lncRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell signaling pathways.

The occurrence and development of tumor are closely related to abnormal cell metabolism.Tumor cells intake a large amount of glucose,and even with enough oxygen supply,they also generate energy primarily through the glycolysis pathway to meet the need of rapid growth.Tumor cell glycolysis is affected by many factors,and the tumor microenvironment is one of them.In recent years,there is evidence that immune/inflammatory factors such as transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF- α),interleukin-4(IL-4),and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the microenvironment matrix play a crucial role in the process of glucose metabolism,by regulating the aerobic glycolysis of energy and material to rapidly growth and proliferation of tumor cells.Therefore,the occurrence and development of tumor are focused on coming from the point of view of regulating the glycation of tumor cells with immune/inflammatory factors in the tumor microenvironment,providing new ideas for tumor control and clinical treatment.