Abstract: Objective To compare the adverse effects of nedaplatin plus 5-Fu and cisplatin plus 5-Fu combined with synchronous radiotherapy on esophageal cancer.Methods From December 2007 to March 2009, 52 cases with esophageal carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups:concurrent chemoradiotherapy with NDP and 5-Fu(the NF group, n=24)and synchronous chemoradiotherapy with DDP and 5-Fu(the DF group, n=28).The patients in these two groups were treated with conventional fractionated radiotherapy at 2.0Gy/f, the postoperative with a total dose of 50Gy/25Fx/35d and the unoperated with a total dose of 64Gy/32Fx/44d.Chemotherapy regime was delivered on the first day of radiotherapy.The chemotherapy in the NF group consisted of 2 cycles of NDP at 60mg/(m²·d)on day 1 to 2 plus 5-Fu at 500mg(m²·d)on day l to 5 every 4weeks, and the DF group consisted of 2cycles of DDP at 25mg(m²·d)on day l to 4 plus 5-Fu at 500mg(m²·d)on day l to 5 every 4weeks.Results The incidence of major adverse effects in the NF group such as nausea, vomiting and response rate of nephrotoxicity were lower compared to that in the DF group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between two groups in the incidence of leukopenia(P＞0.05).There was a higher thrombocytopenia response rate in NF group than that in DF group, with a significant difference between the groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions NDP+5-Fu combined with radiotherapy can safely treat esophageal cancer and side effects is tolerant, so it is fit to the olds especially.However, the efficacy of the two groups is needed for further study.