Objective To explore the ultrasonic imaging features of malignant thyroid nodules risk factors by logistic regression.Methods Two hundreds and forty patients with thyroid nodules by ultrasonic examination and surgical treatment for patients with definited pathological diagnosis were included in this study.The preoperative sonographic features of the nodules were put into the logistic regression model to explore the risk factors of ultrasonic imaging features of malignant thyroid nodules.Results By logistic regression model analysis,hypoecho,taller than wide ≥1 and micro calcification were found to be significantly statistical variables for thyroid carcinoma.Micro calcification could predict thyroid cancer for lymph node metastases.Conclusion During clinical diagnosis,hypoecho,taller than wide more than 1 and micro calcification could be used as indicators by ultrasound doctors to judge malignant thyroid nodules and lymph node metastases.Prospective larger similar research is still very necessary to explore the indicator for thyroid carcinoma in the future.

Objective The overexpression lung cancer1(OLC1)protein is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors.The purpose of the present study is to determine whether increased expression of OLC1 is associated with colorectal cancer.Methods OLC1 expression was assayed in 150 colorectal cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining(IHC).Multivariate and univariate analyses were performed to determine the association between OLC1 expression and prognosis.Results Immunohistochemical Results revealed that 107 out of 150 colorectal cancer patients had increased levels of OLC1.OLC1 expression was significantly correlated with UICC stage(P＜0.001)and histological differentiation(P＜0.001)in colorectal cancer patients.The 5-year overall survival(OS)rates in patients with strong positive and less OLC1 staining were 16.6% and 95.3%,respectively(P＜0.0001).Conclusion OLC1 overexpression is an important factor in colorectal carcinoma prognosis and can be an interesting potential novel biomarker for colorectal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the safety and local control rate and short term survival status of the treatment for primary liver cancer by microwave ablation.Methods From January 2006 to January 2014,a total of 209 lesions in which the average diameter was 3.92cm in 187 patients was performed the microwave ablation therapy.There were 12 lessions adjacent to lung,diaphragm,abdominal wall,stomach,colon and gallbladder area.Enhanced CT examination was performed one month after ablation and the imaging data,liver function,AFP level and quality of life were followed up every three month to evaluate the effectiveness.Results 88.99 percent of lesions achieved complete elimination after an average 1.35 times ablation.The completed elimination ratio for small lesions less than 3cm was up to 100%.Local tumor progression occurred in 23 lesions.Seventheen patients had mild complications.The slight complication rate was about 5.82%.Death and other serious complications did not occur in this study.Conclusion Microwave ablation is safe and feasible for the lesions of liver cancer with live cancer less than 5cm,which is located in the special dangerous area of liver cancer.Microwave ablation can significantly prolong the survival time of patients,especially for small HCC patients with <3cm.

Objective To assess the efficacy of diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)with Magnetic Resonance Imaging to predict the T-staging in rectal cancer.Methods One hundred and seven cases confirmed by pathology of rectal adenocarcinoma patients were retrospectively analyzed.T-staging was determined by MRI and DWI combined with MRI.All the patients were underwent surgery within one week after MRI.We compared the Results with the pathological T-staging after surgery,and compared the two Methods of the preoperative T-staging rectal cancer diagnosis accuracy.Results The accurate rates for T-staging of rectal cancer using MRI was 84.11%(90/107).There was a correlation between the result of preoperative MRI and postoperative pathological T-staging(kappa=0.652,P＜0.001);The accurate rates for T-staging of rectal cancer using combined MRI with DWI was 90.65%(97/107).There was a better correlation between the result of MRI with DWI and postoperative pathological T-staging(kappa=0.732,P＜0.001).Conclusion Compared with the conventional MRI sequences,the accuracy of MRI combined with DWI for diagnosis of T-staging in rectal carcinoma is higher.It can provide a more reasonable treatment.

Objective To study the expression of CDK4 and β-Catenin and their relevance in glioma.Methods We used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of CDK4 and β-Catenin in forty-five glioma tissues and eight normal tissues.According to the classification standard of WHO in 2000 classify and grade the tissues.Results There were significant differences of CDK4 and β-Catenin expressions between normal tissues and glioma tissues(P＜0.01).The expression of CDK4 and β-Catenin had positive correlation with the pathological grades of glioma and histological type and increased(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the expression of CDK4 was positively correlated with the expression of β-Catenin in glioma(r=0.52,P＜0.01).Conclusion The increased expression of CDK4 and β-Catenin may have correlation with malignant change of glioma and occurance of glioblastoma,and their combination is expected to become an important indicator in assessing malignant glioma.

Objective To investigate the VATS lobectomy and lymph node dissection impact on lung function and the survival rate in patients with different pathological types of lung cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty five cases of lung cancer patients underwent laparoscopic lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection as research subjects from June 2009 to September 2011 in our hospital.The patients were divided into pathology group(AG),squamous cell carcinoma(SG) and large cell carcinoma group(LG)according to the type of cancer.The clinical effects were observed before and after surgery,lung function and survival rate.Results LG Group in operative time,blood loss and postoperative chest tube drainage were higher than SG group AG group(P＜0.05);AG group blood loss,postoperative chest tube drainage,blood transfusion after surgery and postoperative recovery times were higher than the SG group(P＜0.05);LG group was higher than AG group(P＜0.05)in terms of FVC%;LG Group,AG group in FVC%,FEF50%,FEF75% respects SG group were significantly different(P＜0.05);18-month survival rate of patients in each group after the first follow up Results of less than 12 months(P＜0.05).SG group at 12,18-month survival rates were higher than AG group and LG group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic lobectomy combined treatment of pathological lymph node dissection in patients with different types of lung cancer,large cell carcinoma surgery operative time,blood loss and postoperative chest tube drainaged are higher than adenocarcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma;squamous cell survival and physical evaluation of patients are higher than the other groups.

Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid carcinoma and psychosocial risk factors.Methods A hospital based case-controlled study of thyroid carcinoma was conducted.Cases were pathologically confirmed as primary papillary thyroid carcinoma.Both 102 cases and 114 controls were tested by the PSSG scale.Results Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that overworking,children′s future,depress,anxiety,and like to suppress their emotions could increase the risk of thyroid carcinoma,pleasing emotion and forget unhappy as soon as possible might prevent the thyroid carcinoma.Conclusion Psychosocial risk factors are important in the onset and progression of the thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To compare the differences between conventional radiation therapy(3DCRT)and intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)for locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma patients by ECLIPSE treatment planning system.Methods Six locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma patients′ treatment plans were designed as IMRT and 3DCRT according to ECLIPSE treatment planning system,respectively.The following values were measured,such as V95%、D5%、D95%、Dmin and D mean of the target volume,and the D50,D33,D5,Dmax and Dmean of normal tissues.Results The dose coverage rate of GTV and GTVnd in the IMRT plan was compared to ECLIPSE treatment planning system with no statistical differences.However,there were obvious difference in CTV and some normal tissues.Conclusion Both IMRT and 3DCRT have good coverage to primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes.IMRT can spare the parotid from high dose irradiation.

Objective Gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)is a rare mesenchymal tumor from gastrointestinal tract,and surgery remains the only curative treatment.In order to improve the outcome of surgical treatment,reduce the risk of surgery,and increase the quality of life,preoperative imatinib(IM)treatment for GIST is investigated.Methods We retrospectively studied the multidisciplinary team model treatments for 8 GIST cases receiving preoperative IM treatment.The cases were prescribed IM of 400mg daily for 12 to 40 weeks and extensively followed until surgery was considered feasibleg.The clinical significance and safety profile were analyzed.Results Partial responsive rate was 62.5% in this study.There was no intolerable sever adverse effects by IM preoperative treatment.All the cases received R₀ dissection,with no intraoperative tumor rupture.The postoperative recovery was satisfied.Conclusion IM preoperative treatment brings significant clinical benefit to large stomach GISTs and cardiac region GISTs.The preoperative treatment should be monitored carefully under a multidisciplinary team.Preoperative IM treatment is an evocative treatment strategy for high risk GIST.

Objective To investigate the effect of Biglycan and FAK signal pathway on the proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro and its possible mechanisms.Methods Biglycan expression vector was constructed and transfected into the colon cancer cell line HCT116.FAK inhibitor was used for cell treatment as well.Cells were divided into 5 groups:control group(HCT116),control group transfected with empty plasmid(Vector),control group with empty plasmid transfected and inhibitor treatment(Vector+PF-562271),group transfected with Biglycan expression vector(Biglycan),group with Biglycan expression vector transfected and inhibitor treatment(Biglycan+PF-562271).Treatment duration was 24 hours.The expressions of FAK,p-FAK,PCNA and p53 were detected by Western Blot.The proliferation of cells was detected by MTT.Results The overexpression of Biglycan significantly promoted the proliferation of HCT116 and the phosphorylation of FAK(P＜0.01).It significantly up-regulated PCNA and down-regulated p53(P＜0.01).The FAK inhibitor PF-562271 treatment could obviously inhibit the proliferation of HCT116,and the regulation of Biglycan on the expression of p-FAK,PCNA.p53 proteins was reversed(P＜0.01).Conclusion Biglycan regulates the proliferation of colon cancer cells by promoting the activation of FAK signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and distant metastases in patients with hormone receptor(HR)negative breast cancer,and to explore the impact of blood lipid change during chemotherapy on clinical response.Methods We collected the complete clinicopathological data and fasting blood lipid in 154 patients with HR negative breast cancer.The secondary blood lipid level were measured on day14 after two cycles of chemotherapy in patients with distant metastases.Single factor chi-square test was choosen to analyze the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics,including baseline lipid level,and distant metastases,then independent risk factor for distant metastases were evaluated by logistic regression model.Data about altered blood lipid and clinical response analysis were performed using paired t-test pre-or post-chemotherapy.Results Our Results from single chi-square test showed that distant metastasis from breast cancer was significantly associated with tumor size,local lymph node metastases,grade,higher total cholesterol(TC),higher triglycerides(TG)and higher low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(P＜0.05).For distant metastases,independent risk factors were tumor size(OR=1.563),local lymph node metastases(OR=1.983),higher TC(OR=1.502),higher TG(OR=1.877).Decreased trend of TC,TG and LDL and increased trend of HDL were showed in disease control(PR+SD)group,and TG had significantly tend in Objective response(PR)group.Conclusion Hyperlipidmia is significantly associated with distant metastases in patients with HR negative breast cancer,and blood lipid levels decrease with effective anti-tumor chemotherapy.Dynamic monitoring of blood lipid levels could be a candidate surrogate biomarker for outcome prediction and distant metastases in patients with HR negative breast cancer.

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)in gastric carcinoma tissue and normal gastric tissue of these patients,and its relationship with the clinical pathological characteristic,the microvessel density(MVD)and early post-operative recurrence,and to analyze the clinical significance of expression of HER-2 in gastric carcinoma,in order to lay the theoretical foundation of effective therapy for gastric carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 398 cases of gastric cancer and 363 cases of their adjacent non tumorous gastric tissue of Liaoning Cancer Hospital from March 2012 to July 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.The expression of HER-2 gene was detected by IHC method and Fish method.The expressive rate of HER-2 in gastric carcinoma tissue and normal gastric tissue of these patients were compared,and its relationship with the clinical pathological characteristic,MVD and early post operative recurrence were also analyzed.Results (1)Expressive rate of HER-2 in 398 cases of gastric cancer tissue was 14.07%(56/398),which was higher than that in all the adjacent non tumorous gastric tissue presented none expression 0(0/363)(P＜0.05);(2)In gastric cancer tissue of 398,the expression of HER-2 was related with Lauren type,tumor site,vessel invasion status,TNM stage,lymph node metastases(P＜0.05),and it had no correlation with age,sex,tumor size,histological differentiation degree,growth patterns of cancer(P＞0.05).Expressive rate of HER-2 in T4 stage was higher than(T₁+T₂+T₃)stage,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(3)The value of MVD in HER-2 expressive group(58.63±19.97)was significantly higher than those in HER-2 non expressive group(49.04±19.25).A positive significant correlation was found between HER-2 and MVD expression using the rank correlation matrix(P＜0.001,r=4.33).(4)1 year and 1.5 year of early post operative recurrence rate in HER-2 expressive group were 16.00%、38.00%,in HER-2 non expressive group were 8.81%,25.53%,the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion There is excessive expression of HER-2 in gastric cancer tissue,excessive expression of HER-2 patients with gastric cancer is correlated with Lauren type,tumor location,vessel invasion status,TNM stage,lymph node metastases;it displays no correlation with age,sex,tumor size,histological differentiation degree,growth patterns of cancer.HER-2 expression is positively associated with MVD value.Excessive expression of HER-2 is possible to be correlative with early post operative recurrence,and it must have further follow up to confirm.

Objective To observe the influence of Biglycan on the focal adhesion kinase(FAK)activation and to explore whether it regulates the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer through FAK signaling pathway.Methods The overexpressive plasmid of Biglycan was constructed and then transfected into the colon cancer cell line HCT116.Meanwhile,FAK inhibitor was used to treat cells.Control group(HCT116),empty plasmid group(Vector),empty plasmid and inhibitor treatment group(Vector+PF-562271),Biglycan overexpression group(Biglycan),Biglycan overexpression and inhibitor treatment group(Biglycan+PF-562271)were set.Twenty four hours after exposure to inhibitor,the expression of FAK and p-FAK in each group was detected by Western Blot.The invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells was detected by transwell assay.Results Overexpression of Biglycan significantly enhanced the phosphorylation level of FAK and promoted the invasion and metastasis of HCT116(P＜0.01).The inhibitor of FAK PF-562271 could significantly reduce the expression of p-FAK and reverse the effect of Biglycan on the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells.Conclusion Biglycan regulates the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells through activation FAK signaling pathway.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma(KHE)is a vascular tumor characterized by intermediate malignancy.Retrospective analysis and literature review on the clinical pathologic,immunohistochemical and clinical data of a patient with mesentery KHE.The cardinal symptom of this patient is alimentary track hemorrhage,imageological diagnosed as a huge soft tissue mass of mesentery and invaded ileum.Clinical feature is without Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon,observing under the light microscope.The tumor is with cavernous vascular structure,and lymphocyte infiltration inside of stroma.The nodules are composed of disposed and lots of short spindle cell tumor;the tumor cells inside of the nodules are vertical and horizontal staggered and form tendon like or fissuring vessels.Immunohistochemistry:CD31(+),CD34(+),D2-40(+),C-Kit(-),SMA(-),Ki-67(1%).

The transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)pathway has been established as essential for cancer progression,because of its prominent role in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation and migration.Through the canonical and non-canonical arms of the signaling pathway,TGF-β instigates cellular phenotypical changes that mediate its role as both tumour suppressor and tumour promoter.TGF-β acts as a potent driver of cancer progression through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal phenotype,leading to enhanced motility and invasion.It is evidence of the TGF-β pathway being tumour suppressive.However,there is also evidence to the contrary,abrogation of TGF-β signalling in carcinoma cells can also result in increased metastasis.This review addresses the experiments about role of an essential signalling pathway,that of transforming growth factor-β,in the regulation of components of the tumour microenvironment and research of how this contributes to tumour progression.

The discovery and application of cancer stem cell markers have very important significance on tumor treatment and prevention.DCLK1 is discovered only in the cancer stem cell marker but not nomal stem cells for the first time.Some studies have shown that DCLK1 expression was detectded in gastrointestinal cancer,esophageal cancer,bile duct carcinoma and glioma.The expression of DCLK1 in tumor is closely related to tumor development,progression,and recurrenceand migration.Although DCLK1 remain to be known as cancer stem cell marker,it provides a new developing prospectives for tumor targeting specific treatment.

Colorectal cancer(CRC)has become one of the major cancer threatening residents′ health all around the world,and considerable resources are needed for its prevention and control.Economics evaluation could provide the basis of decision-making for improving the allocation efficiency of health resources in the field of CRC prevention and control.This paper comprehensively reviewed the papers that have been published in the field of colorectal cancer screening,from the points of view of published time,regional economic evaluation research,evaluation method,the research angle,input and output measurement,model,recommend strategy.

To review recent studies on the research advance of RET(Rearranged during transfection)oncogene in thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer.The literatures on the structure of RET gene and coding product,cell signal transduction,relationship among thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer are reviewed.RET gene encoding tyrosine kinase receptor,involving in cell signal transduction,rearrangement of RET gene is frequently seen in thyroid cancer,which is reported more and more in breast cancer,and lung cancer.Rearrangement of RET gene is closely correlated with the occurrence and progress of thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer.Taking together,these findings suggest that RET present an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of certain cancer subsets.

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common tumor,which has complicated pathogenesis.it is estimated that the vast majority of CRCs is non-hereditary“sporadic cancers”with no apparent evidence of an inherited component.Sporadic CRC Results from the cumulative effects of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations caused by somatic mutations,which may be the indirect result of several environmental factors themselves.There are at least 3 major genetic alternations that lead to colorectal carcinogenesis:(1)The chromosomal instability(CIN)pathway;(2)The microsatellite instability(MSI)pathway;(3)The cytosine-phospho-guanine(CpG)island methylator phenotype(CIMP)pathway,while DNA methylation,modifications in histone proteins and microRNAs(miRNAs)are analyzed in the field of epigenetic alterations.This review summarizes the newest biomolecular progression involved in CRC pathogenesis,for the purpose of improving strategy for prevention,surveillance,early diagnosis and therapy.

Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)is a type of stress related gene,which harbors the ability of anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptosis,anti-oxidation and drug resistance.In physiological status,the expression of HO-1 gene in human normal tissues is extremely low.When subjected to a constant stimulation of alcohol,spicy and hot,over expression of HO-1 gene in the related tissues is often observed.In tumor tissues,the abnormal expression of HO-1 is closely related to their biological behaviors.In recent years,there is a trend to believe that the gene polymorphism and its metabolic products(bilirubin,Fe²⁺,CO)involve in the decomposition of heme participate in the activation of many signaling pathways,and affect the initiation and development of tumor diseases.In addition,the expression level of HO-1 gene is up-regulated in many tumor diseases,which can not only affect the growth and proliferation of tumor cells by regulation of the oxidative stress levels of tumor microenvironments,but also induce the tumor cells to produce drug resistance.Therefore,the abnormal expression of HO-1 may be involved in the initiation and development processes of tumors.