Objective To identify the expression of Aurora-A and its correlation with cisplatin resistance and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A total of 62 NSCLC patients treated by surgery and adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy were included in our study.The expression of Aurora-A was determined by immunohistochemical(IHC)analysis.Correlation between Aurora-A expression and clinic pathological variables was estimated.The prognostic significances were assessed by Kaplan-Meier method,and the differences in survival probabilities were evaluated by the Log-rank test.Results IHC showed that 26 out of the 62 NSCLC patients were with high Aurora-A.There was no significant association between Aurora-A expression and clinic pathological variables.The overall survival of patients with high Aurora-A expression(median survival time:50.1 months)was significantly poorer than those with low Aurora-A expression(median survival time:55.8 months).Conclusion The present study suggests that high Aurora-A expression is correlated with cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic resistance and predicts poor patient survival in NSCLC.However,further in vitro study is needed.

Objective To study the effect of Tripartite motif 5 alpha(TRIM5α)on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods The TRIM5α construction was identified by enzyme digestion,PCR and sequencing.The TRIM5α plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells and identified by RT-PCR and Western blot.The cell proliferation was monitored by RTCA real-time instrument and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.The apoptosis related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The TRIM5α vector was successfully constructed.The result of RT-PCR and Western blot showed that TRIM5α plasmid could enter HepG2 cells.TRIM5α could inhibit HepG2 cells proliferation also increased their apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and activation of Caspase-3 expression.TRIM5α also could inhibit the tumor formation of HepG2 cells in vivo.Conclusion TRIM5α inhibited cell proliferation,promoted apoptosis and weakened the tumorigenic ability of HepG2 cells.This will establish the foundation for the mechanism study and the clinic use of TRIM5α for tumor therapy in the future.

Objective To analyse the breast conserving surgery feasibility in patients with advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods Sixty patients with advanced breast cancer were collected from June 2010 to June 2011,and were divided into breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy group and modified radical mastectomy group according to the intention,30 cases in each group.They were given breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and modified radical mastectomy respectively,with following-up for 3 years.The treatment effect and contrast analysis of two groups of breast cancer CTCs positive of the two groups were compared,two groups of late follow-up of patients with local recurrence and distant metastasis rate,overall survival and disease free survival rate were recorded.Results Compared with the modified radical mastectomy group,CTCs detection rate in breast conserving surgery group had no statistical differences(P＞0.05).Two groups of patients in clinical complete remission rate,partial remission rate,disease stability factor and local recurrence and distant metastasis rate,overall survival and disease free survival rate had no statistical significances(P＞0.05).Conclusion The application of breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with advanced breast cancer can achieve similar effect as modified radical mastectomy surgery treatment,and can be used as a effective treatment for advanced breast cancer.

Objective To assess the clinical value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for the patients with ascites of unknown causes.Methods A total of 106 patients with ascites undergoing ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination was retrospectively studied and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging was interpreted by two ways.(1)PET/CT(localization):Diagnostic Results of PET/CT depended on the degree of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in peritoneum with CT was trecoted as anatomical localization,and high ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in peritoneum was regarded as malignancy.(2)PET/CT(morphology):Morphological changes of peritoneum on CT imaging and the degree of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake on PET imaging were simultaneously considered when interpreting the diagnostic Results of PET/CT.Results In the differential diagnosis of ascites of unknown cause,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PET/CT(localization)were 90.2%,71.1% and 82.1%,respectively.These values of PET/CT(morphology)were 95.1%,93.3% and 94.3%,and 85.2% of malignant ascites were found primary lesion.The specificity and accuracy of PET/CT(morphology)were higher than those of PET/CT(localization)(P=0.002,P＜0.001).Statistical difference was not found in both sensitivities.Conclusion PET/CT(morphology)had higher clinical value than PET/CT(localization)in the differential diagnosis of ascites with unknown cause,and had important significance in detecting primary cause of malignant ascites.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of fecal DNA tests for colon tumor diagnosis and screening,we inspected the mutations of APC,p53 and K-ras genes in the tissue and feces of patients with colorectal tumor.Methods We collected 46 patients with colorectal cancer(CRC),60 patients with colorectal adenomas(CRA)and 30 cases of normal person in Huizhou First People Hospital in Guangdong Province from Nov.2011 to Aug.2012.Then all the tumor tissues and feces of these people were detected the mutation rate about the APC,p53 and K-ras genes using polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism analysis method(PCR-SSCP).Results The mutation rates of APC,p53,K-ras genes of feces in CRC group,CRA group and normal group were 58.7%(27/46),65.2%(30/46)and 60.9%(28/46),20.0%(12/60),25.0%(15/60)and 23.3%(14/60),3.33%(1/30),0%(0/30)and 0%(0/30),respectively.However the mutation rate in tissues were 63.0%(29/46),69.6%(32/46)and 63.0%(29/46),25.0%(15/60),26.7%(16/60)and 26.7%(16/60),0%(0/30),0%(0/30)and 0%(0/30).Corresponding mutations could be found in feces and tumor tissues.Consistency checking for mutations rate in feces and tumor tissues of CRC group and CRA group showed that the Kappa value were 0.818(P＜0.001),0.901(P＜0.001),0.862(P＜0.001)and 0.857(P＜0.001),0.870(P＜0.001),0.822(P＜0.001).It means an excellent consistency.Conclusion Fecal DNA testing is expected to become an effective noninvasive colon tumor early diagnosis and screening method.

Objective To explore the effect of EZH2 overexpression on acquired drug resistance in MCF-7 cells.Methods The relative expressions of EZH2 mRNA and protein of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR were detected respectively by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RTFQPCR)and Western-blot.After EZH2 shRNA and EZH2 shRNA-scramble plasmid vectors with reporter gene EGFP were transfected into MCF-7/ADR cells,the stable cell line was screened by G4l8.RTFQPCR was used to validate whether the EZH2 mRNA in EZH2 shRNA group was supressed.The differences of the effect of adriamycin on cell proliferation were evaluated among EZH2 shRNA goup,EZH2 shRNA-scramble group and negative control groups using WST-1 assays.Results The EZH2 mRNA and protein expression levels in MCF-7/ADR cells were 2.52±1.523 and 1.58±0.58 folds of those in MCF-7cells.The differences were significant(P＜0.05).After the EZH2 shRNA plasmid was stably expressed in MCF-7/ADR cells,the expressions of EZH2 mRNA were decreased by 84%(P＜0.05)and the cell proliferation was decreased by 25% after adriamycin(P＜0.05),However there were no significant changes of cell proliferation in EZH2 shRNA-scramble group and negative control groups after adriamycin.Conclusion EZH2 was overexpressed in MCF-7/ADR cells compared with MCF-7 cells.Silencing EZH2 may effectively reverse the resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells to adriamycin.

Objective To investigate whether promoting gap junctions may contribute to the radiosensitivity in triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)cells.Methods HCC70(triple-negative),MCF-7(ER-positive)or SK-BR3(HER2-positive)cells were transfected with pcDNA/5_-Cx43 expression plasmid using liposome 2000.The transfected cells were treated with various doses of radiation(0,5,10,15 Gy),and the level of Cx43 protein was determined by Western blot and the cell connectivity was determined by fluorescent tracer technique.Cell proliferation inhibition,clone formation ability and apoptosis were detected using MTT,clone formation assay,AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometer,respectively.Results The level of Cx43 protein significantly increased in HCC70_-Cx43,MCF-7_-Cx43 and SK-BR3_-Cx43 cells.After transfection the cells were treated with various doses of radiation,level of Cx43 protein was gradually enhanced in dose dependent fashion.The Results form fluorescent tracer technique showed that fluorescence intensity was gradually elevated with increase of radiation doses.Cell viability and clone formation ability were decreased gradually in dose dependent manner in HCC70_-Cx43,MCF-7_-Cx43 and SK-BR3_-Cx43 cells.Unexpectedly,the inhibitive effect of proliferation ability and clone formation ability in HCC70_-Cx43 cell was higher than in MCF-7_-Cx43 and SK-BR3_-Cx43 cells under same conditions.The Results from AnnexinV-FITC/PI and flow cytometer showed that apoptosis rate was enhanced gradually accompanying with increase of radiation doses.Conclusion Enhancing the function of cell gap junctions promoted radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells,particularly in TNBC cells.Radiation can strengthen cell gap junctions in breast cancer cell and cytotoxicity of TNBC cell can be enhanced by both synergistic effects.

Objective To investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine by continuous intravenous infusion on the recovery process of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy surgery under general anesthesia.Methods Eighty patients,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ,scheduled for laparoscopic radical hysterectomy surgery under general anesthesia,were randomized into group C and group D.Normal saline and dexmedetomidine at the dose of 0.6 μg.kg^-1.h^-1 were injected into different groups from 10 mins before the operation to 20 mins before the end of operation respectively.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP)were recorded at following five time points:before anesthesia(T₁),10 mins before extubation(T₂),extubation(T₃),5 mins after extubation(T₄),10 mins after exbubation(T₅).The recovery time,cough reflex score,sedation-agitation scale(SAS),Ramsay score,the occurrence rate of untoward effect and the dosage of medication were observed.The observational indices were analyzed by using t-test,chi-square test,repeated measures data of ANOVA or the Mann-Whitney u test method.Results Compared with group C,during the recovery process,MAP and HR in group D was more stable.Ramsay score in group D was higher(P＜0.05).The SAS in group D was lower(P＜0.05).The sedation-agitation scale in group D was lower(P＜0.05).The occurrence rate of agitation and tachycardia was lower in group D(P＜0.05).But the occurrence rate of bradycardia was higher(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,usage amount of sevoflurane was lower in group D(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine continuous intravenous infusion reduced the untoward effect of extubation,did not extend extubation time,and kept more stable haemodynamics.

Orbital metastases rarely occur in the patients with cancer,especially from a primary pancreatic carcinoma.In patients presenting ophthalmologic symptoms such as local pain and periorbital edema,it is important to consider orbital metastatic disease.And it is also crucial to determine the site of the primary tumor for better treatments.The mechanism underlying the orbital metastasis from pancreatic carcinoma remains to be clarified.In this report,we describe the clinical characteristics of a case with orbital and hepatic metastases from primary pancreatic carcinoma,providing a reference for clinical diagnosis.Computed tomography of the abdomen and left orbit,in combination with intraorbital biopsy,suggesting a primary pancreatic malignancy with metastatic disease.Surgical pathology and histopathological examination Results confirmed the diagnosis.After single agent gemcitabine chemotherapy,the patient′s symptoms relieved.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most malignant tumors,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)is a new treatment for HCC,which is currently considered as the standard care for patients with unresectable HCC.MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a class of small non-coding RNAs,the correlations within miRNA dictions and tumor prognosis have been documented,and a part of miRNAs has been proposed as biomarkers to reliably predict the outcomes before HCC patients being treated with TACE.

Metabolic syndrome(MS)is a group of clinical symptoms,which is based on the pathophysiology of insulin resistance that mainly includes obesity,hyperglycemia,hypertension,dyslipidemia,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and other components.In recent years,many studies have suggested that the occurrence of colorectal cancer(CRC)is closely related with the MS components.This article reviews the research progress on the association between the major components of MS and the pathogenesis of CRC.

Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for cancer patients,while tumor multidrug resistance(MDR)represents a major obstacle in the treatments of patients,limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy.To date,the mechanism of drug resistance has not been fully elucidated.lncRNAs are a family of long noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by epigenetic modification,transcription and post transcriptional processing.Recent studies have showed that the aberrant regulation of target genes by lncRNAs may be involved in the acquisition of tumor MDR.Therefore,targeting lncRNAs may be an attractive strategy for improving the chemosentivity and reversing chemotherapeutic resistance.This paper reviews the relationship between lncRNAs and tumor drug resistance as well as the underlying possible mechanism.

Radiotherapy(RT)is of importance in the management of breast cancer.Over 50% of patients receive RT at some time during the treatment of their disease,equating to over 500 000 patients worldwide receiving RT each year.Unfortunately,not all the patients derive from benefit and some breast cancers are resistant to treatment,as evidenced by distant metastatic spread and local recurrence.Prediction of individual responses to RT may allow a stratified approach to this treatment permitting those patients with radio-resistant tumours to receive higher doses of RT.Also,for those patients unlikely to respond at all,it would prevent from harmful side effects occurring for no therapeutic gain.More selective targeting would better direct National Health Service resources,ease the burden on heavily used treatment RT machines and reduce the economic cost of cancer treatment.Unfortunately,there are no robust and validated biomarkers for predicting RT outcome.We review the available literatures to determine whether classification of breast cancers according to their molecular subtypes may be used to predict successful response to increase morbidity from RT.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase(NAMPT)is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)biosynthesis and regulates biological processes such as metabolism,growth and apoptosis of cells.In the past few years,a large number of studies have found that expression level of NAMPT is increased in a variety of malignancies,which is associated with the progression and treatment of malignant tumors.The research of the mechanism of NAMPT in malignant tumors and molecule inhibitors of the NAMPT have brought new hope and prospect for the treatment of malignant tumors.This article makes a brief review of NAMPT research status in malignant tumors.

Focal adhesion kinase(FAK),a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase,serves as both a molecular scaffold and a mediator participating in multiple signal transduction pathways.FAK is involved in tumor cell survival,proliferation,migration and metastasis.Recent studies have shown that FAK is expressed in many tumor cells.Currently,FAK has been regarded as a potential target for cancer therapy.This review is to summarize the relationship between FAK and tumor progression.

Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is a part of the tumor microenvironment that plays an immunosuppressive function.It consists of suppressor cells and inhibitory cytokines.In recent years,because of its important role in tumor immunity,CAR-T and PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathway has become a hot topic of immunotherapy,which can suppress immune through different mechanisms to promote tumor progression.Therefore,taking more effective anti-tumor therapies against the above mechanisms is possible to rescue the progress of tumor.In this article,the influence of immunosuppression microenvironment in CAR-T cell therapy and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in the anti-tumor process is reviewed.

CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein,which is a family of highly specific single chain membrane surface glycoproteins by a single gene.CD44 is mainly involved in the specific adhesion between cells and cells,cells and matrix.CD44v6 is a member of the CD44 family,and its correlation with metastasis and prognosis of non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)has become a hot research topic in recent years.The current research progress of CD44v6 and NSCLC are reviewed in this paper.

Chondrosarcomas has low morbidity in China,but we should pay more attention to the Results it contributed to.Patients usually have poor prognosis because of defect of surgical resection and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Chemotherapy is a significant method to the chondrosarcoma treatment.If we overcome the difficulty of chemoresistance,chemotherapy will kill the sarcoma cells efficiently and inhibit the capacity of metastasis and invasion.The patients will have better prognosis.Finding the mechanisms of chemoresistance in chondrosarcomas is the key,now we review sevaral recent mechanisms of chemoresistance in chondrosarcoma.

The triple negative breast cancer is one of importance in clinical subtypes of breast cancer,which is easy to recur and metastasis,and its prognosis is very poor.Radiotherapy,as an effective method for breast cancer,can reduce the risk of local recurrence.This article elaborates its characteristics,the progress of radiotherapy in the breast conserving surgery and modified radical mastectomy in triple negative breast cancer,when is the appropriate time for radiotherapy and radiotherapy sensitization,and hope that it will be helpful to the treatments.

Chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia(CIT)is a major dose-limiting hematologic toxicity with cancer patients.Aside from bleeding risk,thrombocytopenia limits chemotherapy doses and frequencies.While platelet transfusion is remain the elementary method for CIT,administration of platelet growth factors,such as recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11),recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO)and thrombopoietin receptor agonist(TPO-RA),are convenient and effective platelet-support strategies for patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.In addition,other cytokines and proximal splenic artery embolization(PSAE)are expected to be new clinical therapies.In this review,we summarize the existing data and approaches in the treatment progress of CIT.

Long term cardiac effects are an important component of survivorship after breast radiotherapy.Cardiac injury has been described involving essentially almost all structures of the heart,including the coronary arteries,myocardium,conduction systems,pericardium and valves.These injuries have increased the risk of heart disease,which affects the long term survival and quality of life.With the development of modern radiation therapy technology,physics and other technologies,the incidence of cardiac injury in the patients with breast cancer after radiotherapy has been significantly reduced.The paper is a review of the techniques and treatment measures(including breast board,prone positioning,3DCRT,IMRT,DIBH,Hypofractionation radiotherapy,APBI and protons radiotherapy)for reducing cardiac injury in the patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy.