Objective To investigate whether overexpression of VHL can inhibit the growth and metastasis of colon cancer.Methods Adenovirus vectors containing VHL were used to overexpress VHL protein in vitro and in vivo.The proliferation,apoptosis and migration of colon cancer cells CT26 were examined in vitro.The expressions of related proteins were detected by Western blot analysis.Subcutaneous and liver metastasis of colon cancer models were established and the therapeutic effects were evaluated.Results Overexpression of VHL protein inhibited the proliferation and invasion of CT26,and promoted the apoptosis of CT26 via the regulation of COX-2,Bcl-2 and MMP-9.Overexpression of VHL protein inhibited the growth of subcutaneous colon cancer and liver metastasis in vivo.Conclusion Overexpression of VHL protien can inhibit the growth and metastasis of colon cancer,and enhance the apoptosis of colon cancer,indicating that VHL can be used as a potential target for colon cancer therapy.

Objective To assess the immune level of cervical cancer patients and precancerous lesions patients,and investigate the association of Th1 / Th2 type cytokines expression and clinical pathologic factors in the plasma of Uyghur cervical cancer patients.Methods we collected peripheral blood specimens from cervical cancer patients,precancerous lesion(CIN Ⅲ)patients and controls.The expressions of Th1 type cytokines IL-2,IFN-γand Th2 type cytokines IL-4,IL-10 in plasma were detected by ELISA.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)was used to analyze the cytokines value of auxiliary diagnosis in cervical cancer.Results The Results showed that compared with control group,the expressions of Th1 type cytokines IL-2,IFN-γin cervical cancer and precancerous lesion group were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The expressions of Th2 type cytokines IL-4,IL-10 in cervical cancer and precancerous lesion group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).in cervical cancer group,IL-10 expression gradually increased with tumor pathological staging(P＜0.05).IL-2 expression level in Uyghur cervical cancer patients was significantly lower than in Han patients(P＜0.05).Compared cervical cancer group with control group,AUC of IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 were 0.979,0.766,0.736 and 0.903.Conclusion Cellular immune level of cervical cancer patients was low and Th1/Th2 shift has occurred,which suggests that it may be one of the mechanisms in immune escape of tumor cells.Th1 / Th2 type cytokines detection has a certain significance for auxiliary diagnosis of cervical cancer.Besides,the decrease of IL-2 expression may play an important role in the occurrence and development of Uyghur patients with cervical cancer.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy(ALA-PDT)in combination with recombinant human interferon alpha 2b ointment on superficial basal cell carcinoma(BCC)in elderly.Methods A total of 143 elderly patients with superficial BCC was randomly divided into PDT group(n=72 cases)and the surgical group(n=71 cases).The patients in the two groups were given the ALA-PDT in combination with IFN-α2b and routine surgical treatment respectively.The efficacy after treatment was observed according to surgical wound area,lesion area,recurrence and security during 1 year follow-up.Results The Results displayed the complete remission rate of lesion in the PDT group was significantly higher than that in the surgical group(81.94% vs.57.75%,P＜0.05)after treatment,and the total effective rate of BCC was also higher than that in the surgical group,but no significant difference was identified in the two groups(91.66% vs.81.73%,P＞ 0.05).During 1 year follow-up after treatment,the Results showed the rate of recurrence in the PDT group was significantly lower than that in the surgical group(9.72% vs.22.54%,P＜0.05).Moreover,the mean wound area,the lesion area in the PDT group after treatment were also significantly smaller than that in the surgical group(P＜0.05).Conclusion ALA-PDT in combination with IFN is an effective method with lower recurrence and minor trauma in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma.

Objective To discuss the relationship between FokI gene polymorphism and colorectal cancer.Method The references that met the inclusive criteria were assessed.The extracted data were summarized in the form of tables.Data were analyzed by heterogeneity test.Meta-analysis was conducted by using fixed effects model or random effects model.Results Fifteen experimental studies were included in this study,including 7,859 colorectal cancer patients and 9,933 controls.The association between VDR gene FokI and colorectal cancer was expressed as the odds ratio(OR)and 95% confidence interval(CI).FokI recessive genetic model,ff versus FF+ Ff,ORrecessive=1.01(95% CI=0.87~1.17,I²=54%,P=0.91),ORdominant=0.94(95% CI=0.83~1.06,I²=64%,P=0.30);allele model,fversus F,OR=0.98(95% CI=0.89~1.08,I²=71%,P=0.72).In subgroup analysis,recessive genetic model,ORCaucasian race=0.95(95% CI=0.86~1.05,I²=0%,P=0.33);ORyellow race=1.12(95% CI=0.77~1.63,I²=72%,P=0.54).In subgroup analysis,dominant gene model,ORCaucasian race=0.95(95% CI=0.86~1.04,I²=27%,P=0.29);ORyellow race=0.89(95% CI=0.65~1.22,I²=78%,P=0.47).In subgroup analysis,allele model,ORCaucasian race=0.97(95% CI=0.90~1.04,I²=31%,P=0.38);ORyellow race=1(95% CI=0.79~1.27,I²=82%,P=1.00).Conclusion Our Results suggested that in VDR gene FokI,F and f alleles were not obviously directly correlated with colorectal cancer.No difference was found between Asian and Caucasian.The Conclusions in other populations should be further identified by extensive experimental studies.

Objective To identify factors that might affect establishing pregnancy following conservative treatment by medroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA)for well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma(EC)or atypical endometrial hyperplasia(AEH).Methods A retrospective study of 65 patients with EC/AEH were divided into a pregnancy group(n=34)and a non-pregnancy group(n=31).The influent factors on establishing pregnancy were detected by statistical analysis.Results There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between pregnancy group and non-pregnancy group.There were significantly different between pregnancy group and non-pregnancy in the duration of MPA administration,the time to disappearance of lesions,the age of pregnancy permission,the number of D&C procedures performed,and endometrial thickness during ovulation(P＜0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the recurrence(OR=2.323,P=0.015),endometrial thickness during ovulation(OR=0.283,P＜0.001),and age of pregnancy permission(OR=2.524,P=0.039)were significant factors affecting pregnancy outcomes.Conclusion Recurrence,endometrial thickness during ovulation,and the age of the pregnancy permission were considered to affect pregnant establishment following conservative treatment with MPA.Assisted reproductive technology immediately after achieving tumor disappearance by MPA would therefore be beneficial for patients with disease recurrence,thin endometrium,or a higher age of pregnancy permission.

Objective To analyze the clinic pathologic factors and survival rate by performing a retrospective study on the early gastric carcinoma(EGC)with signet ring cell underwent curative gastrostomy(SRC)percentage less than 50% after operation.Methods A total of 424 patients was diagnosed as EGC from January 2008 to January 2010 in Changhai Hospital.The patients were divided into three groups according to the different percentage of SRC within tumor cells,SRC group(with percentage of SCR more than 50%),Mixed SRC group(with percentage of SRC less than 50%),and Non-SRC group(Classic adenocarcinoma without SRC).Then we evaluated the clinic pathologic indicators and prognoses,and study on the relationship with histologic types.Results In ECG,the mixed-SRC group was similar to the SRC group on the phases of onset age and sex.On the other phases,the mixed-SRC group was more associated with mucosa-confined,lower lymph node metastasis(LNM),and 5-year survival rate was better than adenocarcinoma group(P＜0.05).However,the mixed-SRC group showed more submucosal invasion,and higher LNM than other groups(P＜0.05).The mixed-SRC component was one of the independent risk factors of LNM.Conclusion In EGC,mixed-SRC had a more favorable risk factor of LNM,showed more aggressive behavior than other groups and displayed poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-219 and its role in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC).Methods The relative expression of miR-219 in the 26 samples of surgically resected paired TSCC and normal tumor-adjacent tissues was detected by qRT-PCR.The expression of miR-219 in SCC-15 and normal oral mucosa cell were also tested by qRT-PCR.The miR-219 mimic was transferred into SCC-15 cell.Cell proliferative rate and the ability of colony formation were analyzed.The abilities of migration and invasion in SCC-15 cell were evaluated by Transwell test.Results Expression of miR-219 was significantly lower in TSCC tissues(P＜0.001)and SCC-15(P＜0.05)in comparison with normal tumor adjacent tissues and normal oral mucosa cell.The abilities of proliferation(P＜0.05),colony formation(P＜0.05),migrationand invasion(P＜0.05)were inhibited in miR-219-transferred SCC-15 cells.Conclusion The expression of miR-219 was downregulated in TSCC.The miR-219 could inhibit cell proliferation,colony formation,migration and invasion in TSCC.

Objective To study the effect of pluripotency factor Nanog on the expression of the cell cycle related proteins,and then to explore its effect on the proliferative ability of HepG2 cells.Methods TALENs gene editing tool was employed to induce mutation and downregulation expression of Nanog.T7 endonuclease 1 and genomic sequencing was used to analyze the mutation efficiency of Nanog.RT-PCR and western blot were used to determine the expression of mRNA and protein of Nanog,respectively.Real-time cell based assay system was used to measure the proliferative ability of wild-type HepG2 cells and monoclonal HepG2 cells with Nanog mutation.Results TALENs successfully induced mutation of Nanog gene.The targeting efficiency of mixed cells was analyzed by T7 endonuclease 1 approached 40% after two transfection with plasmid of Nanog-TALENs.Additionally,the Nanog mRNA expression level of monoclonal HepG2 with Nanog mutation was downregulated by 3.4 times compared to the wild type HepG2 cells,and the Nanog protein expression level was downregulated by 3.6 times.The cell cycle related proteins CyclinD1/D3,CyclinE1 and CDK2 expression were downregulated in monoclonal HepG2 with Nanog mutation in comparison to the wild type HepG2 cells.Conclusion Nanog plays a role in influencing the proliferative ability of HepG2 cells through modulating the expression of the cell cycle related proteins CyclinD1/D3,CyclinE1 and CDK2.The downregulation expression of Nanog can inhibit the proliferative capacity of HepG2 cells via the regulation of the cell cycle related proteins.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of β-catenin and p28GANK in residual hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods We collected forty-five cases of surgical specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma after TACE(TACE group)and thirty cases of surgery without any treatment(pure surgery group).The expression of β-catenin and p28GANK were detected by using immunohistochemical SP method and compared between the two groups.Results The positive expression of β-catenin and p28GANK in TACE group were 77.78% and 75.56% respectively,which were significantly higher than those in pure surgery group(46.67% and 53.33% respectively,P＜0.05).In the residual hepatocellular carcinoma cells of TACE group,the positive expression of β-catenin showed correlation with the positive expression of p28GANK(Φ=0.318,P=0.033).The high expression of β-catenin and p28GANK were closely related to portal vein thrombosis and distant metastasis(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of β-catenin and p28GANK in the residual hepatocellular carcinoma cells were increased significantly after TACE.The high expression of β-catenin and p28GANK were closely related to portal vein thrombosis and distant metastasis.The high expression of β-catenin and p28GANK may be one of the reasons of hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis.

Objective To investigate the combination of Oxycodone and Morphine Hydrochloride Injection in cancer pain and breakthrough cancer pain(BtCP).Methods This study included 78 patients with moderate or severe cancer pain,which was titration with Oxycodone and Morphine Hydrochloride Injection.All data were obtained from diagnosed malignant tumors and followed up in the people′s hospital of Jiangmen city between Jan 2011 and Dec 2015.Results The first 5 days of the titration with a total Morphine Equivalent Dose(MED)between 156~1 491 mg(426.46±286.00 mg),and a total dose of IV morphine hydrochloride injection between 2~57 mg(20.96±13.25 mg).The mean dose used in the treatment of BtCP was 2.23±2.50 mg in Phase B(8 pm~8 am)and 1.96±2.14 mg in Phase A(P＜0.05).When the treatment begun Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)showed a significant decrease.All the patients were less likely to experience any severe side-effects.Conclusion The titration by Oxycodone and Morphine Hydrochloride Injection is a simple,safe and efficient method,with less side-effect,significantly improve the living quality.It′s a good choice in the titration of moderate or severe cancer pain.

The unexpected discovery of cervical cancer(UDCC)rarely occurs in clinics.Because it is diagnosed by pathology after surgery,the therapies are different from ordinary cervical cancer.In addition,the choice of the timing of surgery and other issues are also involved.The patient received the hysterectomy due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III and uterine fibroids.Postoperative pathology examination showed cervical microinvasive carcinoma,stage IA1,and pathology without lymph-vessel invasion involvement,the patient needs to be followed up closely postopertation.One case of the unexpected discovery of cervical cancer was reported in this paper.The aim is to provide a reference for clinical management.

Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1(ELAM-1)is a member of the cell adhesion molecules,which plays a great role in the distant metastasis of tumor in ligand interactions between sLe(x)and sLe(a).Recently,it becomes a new research hotspot on applying ELAM-1 in targeted cancer therapy.Many studies Results show that by regulation of ELAM-1 in biological effects,such as ELAM-1 and ligand inhibitors,monoclonal antibody,targeting gene,and other mediates of the path of blocking therapy,thereby inhibiting or blocking tumor distant metastasis,so as to achieve the purpose of tumor therapy and improve the prognosis.Therefore,ELAM-1 is expected to exert a critical role in the tumor targeted therapy.In this paper,the application value of ELAM-1 in tumor related targeted therapy is reviewed.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the commonest malignant tumors in China.The therapeutic effects of conventional therapies including surgery resection at early stage,chemotherapy or radiotherapy are greatly less than expected.One of the most possible reasons is the blockage of apoptosis in HCC cells.This review collects literatures about the studies on the roles of key signal pathways including RA,STAT3,PDT,p53,β-catenin,TRAIL,microRNA and RAS in HCC therapy.This study may contribute greatly to providing outline insights for using apoptosis induction in liver cancer therapy.We hope it can promote the development liver cancer therapy in China.

The incidence of rectal cancer has been increasing in recent years.It leads to more attention of scholars at home and abroad,which the efficacy of rectal cancer has been improved by using neoadjuvant therapy all over the world.It is included preoperative radiotherapy,preoperative chemotherapy and preoperative chemoradiotherapy.Preoperative radiotherapy,which can be divided into short radiotherapy and conventional radiotherapy,are evaluated by comparison of T drop rate,sphincter preservation rate,complete remission rate and other indicators of clinical effect.Although the experience of pure preoperative chemotherapy is not rich enough,it still has an advantage in lowering the tumour stage and other aspects.Currently,preoperative chemoradiotherapy is a good choice for rectal cancer,because it could make an obvious advantage in the treatment,at the same time,three-dimensional radiotherapy can make target more evenly distributed and focus treatment more precise.However,neoadjuvant therapy has insufficient support in clinical in our country.So it needs to get more information for clinical effectiveness of applying preoperative chemoradiotherapy.This study is to summarize the new adjuvant treatment of rectal cancer.

FoxM1 is a specific transcription factor related to proliferation.Previous studies have found that FoxM1 can enhance the proliferation,metastasis and invasion of cancer cells,and play a crucial role in cancer.Recent studies indicate that the abnormal expression of FoxM1 plays an important role in breast cancer,and its overexpression is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients.For the early diagnosis of breast cancer,clinical prognosis and study on combination therapy provides a new direction.This article reviews the relationship between FoxM1 and breast cancer.

Recently,the incidence rate of small cell lung cancer in elderly patients has been increasing.The mainly therapeutic approach of small cell lung cancer consists of radiotherapy,chemotherapy and surgery,with the treatment purpose of prolonging survival time and improving life quality.As the huge development of accurate radiotherapy technology occurred in the past a few years,radiotherapy could play more and more important roles in the treatment with elderly patients.Yet,there is no unified standards of treatment for small cell lung cancer in elderly patients.Therefore,we give a review on the latest processes and research on the treatment of small cells lung cancer in elderly patients.

p53,the widely studied tumor suppressor gene,plays a key role in regulating cell cycle,repairing DNA damages,eliminating free radicals and regulating immune responses and so on.The recent studies showed that p53 mutation was in close biological connections with the occurrence,development,infiltration and metastasis in over 50 percent digestive systemic malignant tumors.In view of the current researches,we review the biological features of p53,the relationship between p53 and digestive systemic malignant tumors,and gene therapy of p53 to provide references for the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of digestive systemic malignant tumors in this paper.

In recent years,chimeric antigen receptor T-cells(CAR-T cells)therapy becomes the new rapid development of adoptive tumor immunotherapy.Its main characteristic is to identify specific T cell receptor of tumor antigen by genetic engineering modification and give its targeting,killing and persistent treatment.The CAR-T was mentioned for the first time in 1989,and has developed to the fourth generation.CD19-CAR-T treatment technique shows activity in phase I clinical trials of multiple research centers.CAR-T therapy is expected as a new way to cure relapse/refractory hematological malignancies.

Malignant tumor is a serious threat to human health and its pathogenesis is complex,which caused by interaction of a variety of carcinogenic factors in the human body.SALL4 gene is a kind of newly discovered gene and it plays an important role in function of embryonic stem cell due to its protein transcription factor with C2H2 zinc finger domain.Studies found that this gene mutation often Results in occurrence of malignant tumor.This paper will summarize the molecular mechanism of SALL4 in the occurrence and development of malignant tumor and its diagnosis and treatment on malignant tumor.