Objective To investigate the effect of autophagy on the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells,as well as the underlining mechanisms.Methods Rapamycin was used to induce the autophagy in HeLa cells,formation of autophagosomes was observed by staining with acridine orange under fluorescence microscope.Western blot was used to detect the expression of LC3 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR in HeLa cells.The LC3 plasmid was transfected into HeLa cells.The distribution of LC3 in cells and the expression of LC3 was identified by fluorescence microscope and Western blot,respectively.The autophagy was inhibited with 3-methyladenine(3-MA)in HeLa cells.The cell proliferation was monitored by RTCA real-time instrument.Transwell chamber was carried out to assess cell migration.Results After 6h of rapamycin treatment,the expression of LC3B was increased in HeLa cells(P＜0.05).The proliferative and migration ability were weakened compared to wild type HeLa cells(P＜0.05).The same results in the presence of 3-MA.The expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins were activated by rapamycin treatment and LC3 overexpression(P＜0.05).Conclusion Autophagy can suppress the proliferation and migration in cervical cancer cells,which may relate to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Objective To construct and screen out the RPL23-siRNA interference fragments,providing the basis for the following experiments about the correlation with RPL23 and gastric cancer.Methods The RPL23-siRNA,synthesized chemically through lipofection,were selected from three target sequences by RNA interference and detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results Compared with normal cell group and RPL23 control group,the mRNA and protein expression of RPL23 in the other 3 interference groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Multiple comparisons showed that the interference efficiency of RPL23-siRNA1 group was significantly higher than that of RPL23-siRNA2 group and RPL23-siRNA3 group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The RPL23-siRNA interference fragment can be successfully constructed and screened out,which provides the basis for the following experiments.

Objective To investigate the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta(GSK3β)on invasion and metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells.Methods Expression and phosphorylation of GSK3β were examined in osteosarcoma cell lines and tumor tissue from osteosarcoma patients by Western blot.The effects of small molecule GSK3βinhibitors on cell metastasis were detected by cell invasion assay and cell migration assay.Results Osteosarcoma cell lines showed increased GSK3β expression and abnormal activity regulation.In tumor tissue of patients with osteosarcoma metastasis and non-metastasis,GSK3β were detected expression and abnormal activity,especially in tumor tissue of the patients with osteosarcoma metastasis.Inhibition of GSK3β activity resulted in inhibiting cells invasion and migration in osteosarcoma cell line.Conclusion In this research,we demonstrated that GSK3β encouraged osteosarcoma cells metastasis.The result will open up a potential target for clinical treatment of osteosarcoma.

Objective To investigate the potential molecular mechanism of nimotuzumab in its capacity of enhancing lung cancer cell radiosensitivity in vitro.Methods Lung cancer A549 cells were pretreated with or without nimotuzumab for 24h before exposure to radiation.Clonogenic survival assay was performed and the single-hit muti-target model was applied to evaluate the radiosensitivity related parameters.Then cell cycle distribution by flow ctyometry after different doses of radiation were analyzed.EGFR activation was examined,the levels of AKT with its phosphorylaed form and that of p27 in A549 cells at different time point were detected by Western blot.Results Pretreatment with nimotuzumab reduced clonogenic survival after radiation and the sensitivity enhancing ratio was 1.36.The combination of nimotuzumab and radiation treatment led to a significant S phase reduction.EGFR activation was greatly inhibited after pretreating with nimotuzumab,despite it could be activated by radiation.The levels of AKT did not alter between nimotuzumab combined with radiation group and radiation group,but the radiation-induced phosphorylation of AKT were greatly inhibited in the group pretreated with nimotuzumab.On the contrary,the suppressed p27 expression by radiation was substantially elevated after pretreatment with nimotuzumab.Conclusion Our results revealed that the possible mechanism of nimotuzumab enhancing the lung cancer cell radiosensitivity was that nimotuzumab inhibited the radiation-induced activation of EGFR,which directly inhibited the activation of its downstreaming AKT.On the other hand,nimotuzumab increased the expression of p27,which is associated with the redistribution of cell cycle.

Objective To explore SIRT4 gene expression in tumor tissue and investigate the clinicolpathological features in osteosarcoma.Methods In this study,SIRT4 protein expression was detected in 106 osteosarcoma tissues and 36 paired neighboring non-tumorous tissues by immunohistochemistry and determined the correlation between the SIRT4 expression and the clinicopathological features.Results SIRT4 protein was dramatically decreased in osteosarcoma cells compared with neighboring non-tumorous bone cells.The low expression of SIRT4 was notably associated with a poor overall survival and disease-free survival in osteosarcoma patients.By using univariate and multivariate analyses,we confirmed that the increased SIRT4 expression was an independent factor in predicting better prognosis for patients.Conclusion SIRT4 expression might be an independent biomarker for prognostic evaluation of osteosarcoma.

Objective To explore the use of Swedish medical company CMS 4.6.4 radiotherapy XIO system for the design process of cervical cancer postoperative IMRT plans in different iterative times of the same case,and to observe the Segment Weight Optimization(SWO)effect generated after the plan results.Methods Ten cases of cervical cancer patients were chosen,the use of XIO 4.6.4 CMS treatment system was performed for the development of the intensity modulated radiation therapy.In the SWO process,iterative times were used to generate different plans,without affecting the clinical dose target area requirements,and compared the organs at risk(OAR)by determining whether there were differences between dose and the number of segments,monitor units(MU).Results For the same patients,different iterative times within a certain range of SWO IMRT plan were selected to compare the different iterative times plan,femoral head,rectum and the bladder dose did not change the basic plan.The total number of segments and MU did not change significantly(P＞0.05).Conclusion IMRT plans in the use of CMS XIO 4.6.4 design of cervical cancer after operation in the process of using the iterative times below 100 times for SWO is the most suitable method for ensuring the organ dosimetry in radiotherapy.The total number of segments and the MU reduces the radiotherapy plan time so as to improve work efficiency.

Objective To analyze the influence factors of epitheliod sarcoma(ES)diagnosis and prognosis of clinical characteristics,and to invoke as a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The patients admitted in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2015 and follow-up of 31 cases of epitheliod sarcoma clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and survival analysis and summarized the clinical features.Preoperative diagnosis,and postoperative recurrence of relevant data,with gender,age,tumor type,tumor size,chemoradiotherapy factors and recurrence factors were correlatively analyzed.Results In this group,6 patients died,the 5 year overall survival rate was 78.8%.All 31 cases were followed between 3 to 56 months.The median time was 27months.Five year recurrence rate was 70.9%.In the single factor analysis,the impact of 5 year recurrence rates of factors for tumor type and tumor size.The tumors were more than 5cm and less than or equal to 5cm compared,tumor of the proximal and distal compared,the preceding 5 year recurrence rate was greater than in the latter(P＜0.05).In the control group,the explicit expression of CD34 was 90.3%,and the expression of INI1 was 83.9%.For the patients with tumor and peripheral vascular nerve boundary were not sharp,we provided preoperative radiotherapy after surgical treatment to avoid amputation.Conclusion Epithelioid sarcoma recurrence is associated with tumor size and tumor type.CD34,INI1 immune group treatment can be helpful in the differential diagnosis.Preoperative radiotherapy can avoid amputation so as to improve the quality of the patients′ life.

Objective To explore the role and mechanisms of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(ω-3PUFA)alone or in combination with dexamethasone(DEX)in inducing cell apoptosis and anti-proliferation in multiple myeloma(MM).Methods DEX resistance MM cell line MM1R were treated with different concentrations of Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)or Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)alone or in combination with DEX for 24hrs or 48hrs.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT.Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.The levels of apoptosis related proteins were analyzed by Western blot.Results The proliferation of MM1R was inhibited by different concentrations(10,20,50,100 μM)of EPA or DHA alone or in combination with 10 μM DEX in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Inhibition effect was significantly higher in combinative groups than in single agent groups(P＜0.05).The percentage of G₀/G₁ phase and cell apoptosis rate in MM1R treated with different concentrations of EPA or DHA alone was increased in a dose-dependent manner,and being significantly higher in combinative groups than in single agent groups(P＜0.05).The expressive levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were up-regulated,while pro-caspase-3 and BCL-2 were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion ω-3PUFA can inhibit DEX resistant MM cell proliferation,arrest cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis,and has a synergistic anti-resistant effect in combination with DEX,may serve as a new,effective MM drugs.

Objective To investigate the relationship between electrocardiogram and serum alanine aminotransferase and electrolytes in patients with primary liver cancer.Methods Clinical data of 241 patients with primary liver cancer treated in our hospital were retrospectively studied.Single factor analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of abnormal electrocardiogram in patients with primary liver cancer.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors that were statistically significant.Results Single factor analysis showed that age,gamma glutamyl transferase(GGT),electrolyte is associated with ECG abnormalities in the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,the GGT and electrolyte anomaly led to primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the patients with abnormal ECG independent risk factors.Conclusion The level of electrolyte,age≥60 and GGT anomaly and primary electrocardiogram in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a close relationship for active hepatoprotective,maintain electrolyte balance therapeutic intervention for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).

Objective To explore the efficacy of recombinant human endostatin(Rh-endostatin)combined with vinorelbine-cisplatin(NP)regimen for newly diagnosed patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with bone metastases and the impact on expression of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Methods From January 1,2009 to February 1,2012,a total of 40 with newly diagnosed,advanced NSCLC patients with bone metastases were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to the treatment(N=20)or control(N=20)group.The control group was only given the NP regimen chemotherapy and the treatment group was treated with Rh-endostatin combined with NP regimen.The changes in clinical effects of the two groups and serum VEGF levels were observed.Results After two cycles of systemic chemotherapy,objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)of the treatment group were 30.0% and 80.0% significantly higher than 5.0% and 45.0% of the control group(P＜0.05).Serum VEGF Level did not significantly change before and after treatments in the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Rh-endostatin combined with NP regimen can improve the efficiency of treatment for newly diagnosed patients with advanced NSCLC with bone metastases and does not increase adverse reactions whereas no significant difference in serum VEGF Levels.

Objective To study the treatment influences on immunity and tumor recurrence of oral cancer patients with the combination therapy of hyperbaric oxygen treatment and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.Methods In the period from March 2011 to March 2014,84 patients were clearly diagnosed with oral cancer and randomly divided into hyperbaric oxygen treatment combined postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy group(group A,n=42)and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy group(group B,n=42).From day 1 prior to the last day of chemotherapy,patients in group A were treated with hyperbaric oxygen,and patients in group B were just accepted chemotherapy.After chemotherapy,we tested the levels of CD3⁺,CD4⁺,CD8⁺ and NK cells by flow cytometry,and the expression of IL-2,IL-4,IL-10 and INF-γ by ELISA essay.All patients had been followed for two years.Results The levels of CD4⁺ and NK cells in group A were higher than group B(P＜0.05),but the levels of CD3⁺ and CD8⁺between the two groups were obviously different(P＞0.05).Compared with group B,the ratio of CD4⁺and CD8⁺ was increased in group A(P＜0.05).The levels of cytokines involved IL-2,IL-4,IL-10 and INF-γin group A were higher than the levels of group B(P＜0.05).Follow-up results showed that patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen combined postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy had less recurrence in 2 years(P＜0.05).Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen combined postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can improve the patients′ immune function,and to be effective in preventing two years′ recurrence.

To explore the clinical,pathological and immunohistochemical features of carcinoma with multi-directional differentiation derived from junction of bladder and prostate.We collected clinical data and tissue samples of three typical cases of carcinoma from our hospital.Routine preparation of slides and immunohistochemical methods combined with clinical data and pathological changes analysis were adopted.We found that all 3 cases occurred in the elderly lesions involving the bladder and prostate.Dysuria was the main common symptom.All the cases had a history of chronic inflammation in urethral and prostate gland.The following up data showed that survival time in two of them were no more than 15 months.The third patient without chemotherapy who took drugs of bicalutamide,enantone and pamidronate still was alive after 28 months.The pathological changes of these cases had the common features with diversity.They all showed the structure with nests,papillary,solid,adenoid,single or syncytial cells.The nuclear of cancer cell was enlarged with hyperchromatic feature.The mitotic figures were easily found.The metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of prostate were all found.The immunohistochemistry results showed positive results for HCK,LCK,p53,p63,PSA,P504S and negative for vimentin and S-100.The average proliferation index of Ki-67 was 77%.

Autophagy is a highly conservative biological behavior in eukaryotic cells.This dynamic process involves "wrapping" cytoplasmic components and combining with lysosomes in cells for catabolism.Autophagy can not only take part in maintaining homeostasis,but also be closely related with tumor development and resistant.Therefore,autophagy is a potential target for antitumor drug resistant.Specific inhibition of autophagy in cancer cells combined with chemotherapy is expected to be an effective cancer treatment strategy.

Cyclin D is the most closely relationship with tumor,and it is currently known one of the subtypes of cyclins.CyclinD1,as a positive regulatory factor,has an important role in the process of cell cycle,especially in cell proliferation and division.CyclinD1 is unusually up-regulated in lots of human cancers.CyclinD1 is a recently discovered protein which is highly expressed in the urinary tumors,and its expression in tumors is associated with a more aggressive phenotype,prognosis and recurrence.Therefore,the research of the target point to CyclinD1 in the urinary tumors may provide a new method for the therapy to urinary tumors.

Deubiquitylases remove ubiquitin moieties from different substrates to regulate protein activity and cell homeostasis.Since this posttranslational modification plays a role in several different cellular functions,its deregulation has been associated with different pathologies.Aberrant expression of Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 22(USP22)has been associated with poor cancer prognosis.This article reviews the research status of USP22.

CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺regulatory T cells(Tregs)are essential for tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and secrete some inhibitory cytokines IL-10,IL-35,TGF-β1 and FGL2 which are key mediators of Treg immunosuppressive function.Tregs have been shown to be important contributors to the tumor escape immunosurveillance and play a critical role in the induction of suppression to CD4⁺T,CD8⁺T and NK cell,and suppression of specific anti-tumor immunity.Further research of the role of Tregs in tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment is important to understand malignant tumor pathogenetic and immunological therapeutics.In addition,Tregs and inhibitory cytokines become more critical for clinical applications,prognosis evaluation and therapies.

MDM2-binding protein(MTBP)factor is a binding protein of MDM2,and MDM2 gene and involved in the development of cancer as an important gene,which has been studied for a long time.It has been demonstrated that MTBP could regulate biological processes such as metabolism,growth,and apoptosis of cells.In the past few years,some studies have found that MTBP is down-regulated in variety of malignancies,which is associated with the progression and the prognosis of these tumors.MTBP may be a potential target for the treatment of many kinds of malignant tumors.This paper reviews the research pregressof MDM2-binding protein on cancer.

In recent years,the diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in the study of breast cancer is increasing,which including diffusion weighted imaging,diffusion tensor imaging,intravoxel incoherent motion,and diffusion kurtosis imaging.The emergence and development of these technologies can be noninvasive quantitative evaluation of breast tumors from the molecular level.The researchers pay more and more attention to the application of breast cancers diagnosis and differential diagnosis,therapeutic effect,prognosis evaluation and so on.This paper reviews the progresses of the above four technologies in the use of the breast cancer.

Mucins(MUC)are secreted by the epithelial cells of polymer,the height of glycosylation glycoprotein,widely existing in the respiratory system,digestive system,urogenital system in the mucosa epithelium and mucus secretion.The resent studies show that sticks are closely associated with tumor protein family.Among them,the sticky protein 1(CA153)and 16 mucins(CA125)has been confirmed that the abnormal expression in the bile duct carcinoma.However,there is unclear relationship between the development,invasion,metastasis and prognosis of gallbladder.Based on the retrospective literature at home and abroad in recent years,the research progress on the sticky protein 1 and mucins 16 in the gallbladder is summarized in the present review.

LIV-1(SLC39A6/ZIP6),primarily located on the cell membrane,is one of the LZT subfamily members among the zinc transportprotein family.It possess six to eight transmembrane spanning domains,with regions of concentrated histidine residues,which has been shown to participate in the process of embryonic development as well as the growth and proliferation of tumors.It has been clearly established that LIV-1 played an important role in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its overexpression,which turned out to be a negative correlation upon the cancer′s prognosis has been verified to be a potent therapeutic target.Herein,the advances of zinc transporter LIV-1 and the potential significance of the transporter to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are reviewed.