Journal of Practical Oncology

The correlations between expression of tumor associated macrophages and the prognostic significances in triple negative breast cancer

YU Changyan, ZHEN Lina, LI Hongbing, ZHANG Yue, ZHANG Qingyuan

2017, 31(1): 1-6. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.001

Abstract ( 216 )

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Objective To explore the significances of expression of tumor associated macrophages(TAMs)and its correlation with microvessel density(MVD)in triple negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TAMs and MVD expression in 108 TNBC tissues and to analyze the correlation between TAMs with clinicopathological features,prognosis and MVD.Results The expression of TAMs was correlated with the tumor size,lymph node metastasis,histological grade,TNM stage and MVD,but had no statistically significant association with age.TAMs was correlated with 5 year disease free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS);MVD was correlated with 5 year DFS,while no correlation with OS.Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TAMs was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with TNBC.Conclusion High infiltration of TAMs indicated poor survival rate for patients with TNBC.The infiltration of TAMs was a new,important risk factor for TNBC recurrence.TAMs were closely related to MVD,by promoting tumor angiogenesis,thereby promoting TNBC growth,invasion and metastasis,and further affect the prognosis of patients with TNBC.

Detection of hepatitis B virus protein and gene in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissue

WU Yiqi, LUI Ying, ZHAO Li, JIN Xiaoming

2017, 31(1): 7-12. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.002

Abstract ( 195 )

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Objective To investigate the importance of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma(CC)and further clarify the correlation between the occurrence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods HBV protein and gene of 52 formalin fixed,paraffin embedded tissues with CC were detected by immunohistochemistry and nest PCR.Results Hepatitis B virus X gene was detectable in 33.3%(7/21)of 21 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cases.Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)was detectable in 21.7%(5/21)and hepatitis B core antigen(HBcAg)was detectable in 19.0%(4/21)of 21 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cases.In contrast,no HBsAg,HBcAg and hepatitis B virus X gene were detected in any of the 31 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cases.Conclusion HBV infection is a significant risk factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,but not for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,in Northeast of China.The integration of HBV gene may be involved in the carcinogenesis of intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells.

The effects and mechanism of Lycopene on immune function of ovarian cancer rats

CHAI Jingbo, LI Ping, PEI Zhiping

2017, 31(1): 13-17. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.003

Abstract ( 238 )

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Objective To investigate the effects of Lycopene(LP)on immune function of ovarian cancer rats' and its mechanism.Methods Sixty ovarian cancer rat models made by injecting ovarian cancer cell line NUTU-19 were divided into five groups randomly:model group,Cisplatin group(2 mg/kg)and LP(40,20,10 mg/kg)group,n=12;the LP and Cisplatin were given by intraperitoneal injection,once every two days for 5 times.The rats general states and tumor growth conditions were observed,the tumor tissue morphological changes was observed by H&E staining;the tumor weight,inhibition rate,spleen lymphocyte transformation rate were detected;and the content of IL-2 and TNF-α in serum were detected.The present of CD4⁺,CD8⁺ in blood were detected and the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ was calculated.Results The food situation of the rats in LP groups was improved,tumor was reduced,activity and hardness were poorer,necrosis presented,tumor cell shrinkage and other pathological morphological changes appeared,especially the rats in LP 40 mg/kg group.Compared with model group,the tumor weight in LP(40,20 mg/kg)groups was decreased,the inhibition rate and the spleen lymphocyte transformation rate were increased;the contents of IL-2 and TNF-α were decreased;the CD8⁺ present was decreased,while the CD4⁺ present in LP 40 mg/kg group was increased,the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ was increased.All of the difference above were significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion LP can effectively improve the immune function of ovarian cancer rat;which perhaps relates to its effects of reducing the inflammatory cytokines levels and increasing the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺.

The diagnostic and prognostic value of serum pepsinogen combined with Ca724 in the patients with gastric cancer

LI Enjiu, HU Didi, GONG Zhijun, QING Dujv, LIU Hong, LI Fei

2017, 31(1): 18-22. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.004

Abstract ( 208 )

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Objective To analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum pepsinogen combine with Ca724 in the patients with gastric cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with suspected gastric cancer were severed as research object.All patients were accepted on serum pepsinogen Ⅰ(PGⅠ),serum pepsinogen Ⅱ(PGⅡ),Ca724 and gastroscopy.As confirmed by gastroscope biopsy under pathological findings standards,we analyzed the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGⅠ/PGⅡ(PGR),Ca724 and PGR combined with Ca724 in the patients with gastric cancer.Results All the observers,92 patients were diagnosed with stomach cancer.The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of PGR combined with Ca724 were higher than PGR and Ca724,and specificity was lower than PGR and Ca724.At the same time,there was diagnostic value of PGR,Ca724 and PGR combined with Ca724 in gastric cancer diagnostic(P＜0.05),and the diagnostic value of PGR combined with Ca724 was higher than PGR check and Ca724.In addition,during the different pathological,there were statistically significant differences of PGR and Ca724,the PGR in Ⅳ group was lowest,the Ca724 in the Ⅳ group was highest(P＜0.05).Conclusion Combined serum pepsinogen and Ca724 in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric cancer have a definite application value in the assessment of prognosis.

The comparison of clinical efficacy of SOX and XELOX in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric carcinoma

CHEN Li, ZHANG Yuxin, ZUO Yanjiao, MA Fei, SONG Hongjiang, XUE Yingwei

2017, 31(1): 23-30. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.005

Abstract ( 271 )

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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of SOX and XELOX in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric carcinoma.Methods Seventy-five cases with advanced gastric carcinoma were selected from our hospital from Feb 1,2011 to Oct 1,2015.SOX and XELOX were used to these patients treatment.The relationship between SOX and XELOX with tumor stage,clinical curative effect evaluation,operation,postoperative pathology,adverse reaction,survival analysis with advanced gastric carcinoma had been analyzed retrospectively.Results The efficacy of SOX and XELOX were 47.22%,41.03%.Compared with the two groups,the CT curative effect evaluation,effective rate,disease control rate had no significant differences(P＞0.05).The median survival time of DFS and OS were significant between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The SOX and XELOX for neoadjuvant chemotherapy of advanced gastric carcinoma treatment is safety and effective,and the XELOX is better than SOX in terms of long-term effect,prognosis and clinical benefits.

The clinical application value of flow-cytometry combined with colposcope ultra high frequency electric knife for diagnosis of uterine cervix carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

QU Yalan, XIE Baofang, LI Danyang

2017, 31(1): 31-34. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.006

Abstract ( 201 )

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Objective To explore the clinical application value of flow-cytometry combined with colposcope ultra high frequency electric knife for diagnosis of uterine cervix carcinoma(UCC)and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods A total of 705 cases was included in this study who were screened from April 2014 to April 2016 and accepted colposcopy biopsy.DNA flow cytometry was performed to determine DNA index(DI)and proliferative index(PI).Results Colposcopy diagnosis Results showed that the detection rate of CINⅠ,CINⅡ,CINⅢ/CIS and UCC were 62.2%,78.0%,62.2% and 78.0% respectively.The sensitivity and specificity were 87.7%(213/243)and 90.2%(417/462)for DNA ploidy test using flow-cytometry.DI and PI of CINⅠ,CINⅡ,CINⅢ/CIS and UCC increased gradually with significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Flow-cytometry combined with colposcopy biopsy may be a useful tool for cervical cancer screening in developing countries and has a competitive sensitivity and specificity,which is worthy of popularization and application.

The application of postoperative analgesia of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in radical resection of colorectal cancer

LI Zongshi, LI Zhe, KANG Zhiyu

2017, 31(1): 35-38. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.007

Abstract ( 235 )

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Objective To observe the application effects of postoperative analgesia of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane(TAP)block in radical resection of colorectal cancer patients.Methods Fifty patients undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer in our hospital within nearly two years were divided into two groups,according to number table mehtod,25 cases in each group.Patients of group A were injected with 0.45% ropivacaine mesylate 20 mL in ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP after the end of surgery before extubation;the patients of group B were injected with the same amount of normal saline in ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP block,Postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with sufentanil was provided to all patients.The VAS score of two groups after operation record the postoperative dosage of sufentanil in 24h,pressing times of analgesia pump,the satisfaction of patients with postoperative analgesia and adverse reactions.Results The VAS score of group A(1.08±0.86),(1.60±0.71),(1.92±0.49),(2.28±0.61),(2.44±0.51)were lower than that of group B(1.88±0.73),(2.24±0.72),(2.68±0.56),(2.96±0.54),(3.24±0.44).The dosage of sufentanil in group A(53.20±1.39)μg vs. group B(59.18±2.82)μg,pressing times of analgesia pump,group A(10.40±2.78)vs. group B(22.36±5.63),the satisfaction of patients with postoperative analgesia,group A(9.12±0.78)vs. group B(7.52±0.77).There were 2 cases of postoperative nausea and vomiting in group B vs 8 cases in group A,The above-mentioned indexes difference had statistical significance except postoperative 4h score. The indicators of respiratory depression in the two groups did not occur.Conclusion The application of postoperative analgesia of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane(TAP)block in radical resection of colorectal cancer patients,can reduce postoperative intravenous analgesic drug usage,decrease the incidence of adverse reactions induced by opioid drugs,and the analgesic effect is more effective with the positioning accuracy,convenient operation,less injury,high safety and suitable for clinical application.

Alpha-fetoprotein-high-producing hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach:A case report and literature review

MAO Wei, CHEN Qingjuan, SI Xiaomin, ZHANG Xiao, JIANG Cheng

2017, 31(1): 39-42. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.008

Abstract ( 177 )

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Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach(HAS)belongs to one of the rare cases in gastric cancer types,which has extremely high malignant degree and poor prognosis.Lymph node metastasis and liver metastasis are common in HAS.In this article,we reported alpha-fetoprotein-high-producing hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach(HAS),and reviewed the related literature at home and abroad in order to improve clinical physicians understanding of these diseases and treatment experience.

The recent advances in the research of NF-κB in the development and relevant treatment of the colorectal cancer

DUAN Peiwen, ZHAO Miaomiao, WANG Songpo

2017, 31(1): 43-47. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.009

Abstract ( 235 )

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In eukaryotic cells,NF-κB transcription factor family regulates many processes like cell survival,growth,and apoptosis.It participates in the development of a variety of diseases,including inflammatory,immune disease,and cancer.As an inflammatory factor,NF-κB mediates the transformation of chronic colitis to cancer during the course of colorectal cancer.Furthermore,it could inhibit cell apoptosis through regulating cell cycles,which promotes the development of colorectal cancer and mediates the multidrug resistance of the tumor cells.Therefore,targeting NF-κB,a large number of preparations involved both Chinese and western medicine has been researched.The further research and the use of them may be an effective method to cure the colorectal cancer in clinical work.

Mechanisms involved in liver metastasis of breast cancer

LI Bo, CHEN Xuesong

2017, 31(1): 48-52. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.010

Abstract ( 227 )

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Liver is the common metastatic site of breast cancer.The process of liver metastasis consists of multiple steps and involves various factors from breast cancer cells and the liver micro-environment.In this review,we reviewed the molecular(including the connection of proteins,protein kinases,miRNAs),signal transduction pathways(including CXCL12-CXCR4 axis,Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway,AF1q/TCF7/CD44 regulatory axis,laminin receptor/Akt/ERK signaling pathway,leptin/ERK/IL-8 signaling pathway)and the influencing factors(including hypoxia inducible factors,tumor-associated fibroblasts,adipose tissue matrix stem cells,metalloproteinases,selective ligands,inflammatory cell infiltration)associated with the liver micro-environment in breast cancer.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of stomach hepatoid adenocaecinoma

LI Rudong, HOU Jiachen, CUI Xiaohan, WANG Xvdong

2017, 31(1): 53-56. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.011

Abstract ( 206 )

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This paper mainly introduces a rare special subtype of gastric cancer,the stomach hepatoid adenocarcinoma.This kind of adenocarcinoma in pathogenesis,pathology,treatment and prognosis has great difference from traditional stomach cancer.Because it has both characteristics of gastric carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma,and is easily to result in missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in clinic.It is necessary for us to distinguish hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastric carcinoma.We may further improve the diagnosis rate of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach,and reduce its mortality rate,prolong the survival period.

Research progress in the Notch pathway in malignant tumors

FAN Mingxv, ZHAO Yanbin, LI Boyang, WANG Yan

2017, 31(1): 57-60. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.012

Abstract ( 274 )

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Notch signaling is one of the most important signaling pathways in vertebrates and invertebrates.It regulates apoptosis,proliferation,differentiation and so on.The up-regulation,down-regulation or structural changes of Notch signal are closely related to the development of various malignant tumors.In the present study,four Notch phenotypes(Notch1-4)have been identified,which bind to their ligands respectively(Jagged1,Jagged2,Delta1,Delta3,Delta4).Notch plays an important role in a variety of malignant tumors.This review focuses on the role of Notch in a variety of solid malignancies,including its role in the process of tumor development and treatment.

Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

LIN Qianhuang, XU Hui, HUAN Jinliang

2017, 31(1): 61-64. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.013

Abstract ( 225 )

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Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the human endocrine system.It is one of the common diseases in head and neck,thyroid and breast surgery.Its incidence rate is increasing year by year.With the development of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration biopsy,as well as the auxiliary examination of gene detection technology,the detective rate of early diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)is getting higher and higher.Compared with conventional surgery,highlighting the advantages of minimally invasive surgery,endoscopic and ultrasound guided percutaneous ablation and other new surgical Methods are gradually applied in clinical treatment.Combined with the new guideline,the present paper reviews the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

The transcription factor X-box binding protein-1 in tumorigenesis and development of cancer

NI Shouhua, YUE Xiaolong, WU Jin

2017, 31(1): 65-68. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.014

Abstract ( 243 )

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X-box binding protein-1(XBP-1)is a newly found protein that plays significant roles in protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum construction.The expression of XBP-1 is widely displayed in various kinds of tumor and is shown to take part in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.This review briefly summarizes the biology of XBP-1 and focuses on recent findings concerning its role in immune evasion,tumorigenesis,development of cancer,angiogenesis,hypoxia,invasion and metastasis.

The research progress in antitumor mechansim of Inonotus obliquus

YU Jinglu, FENG Xiaoling

2017, 31(1): 69-72. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.015

Abstract ( 194 )

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Since the tumor has become one of the most deadly diseases to human life,it is of great importance to explore a new effective antitumor medicine.This paper summarizes the chemical constituents and the mechanism of Inonotus obliquus.The mechanism includes the details of the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation,inducing tumor cell apoptosis,influence tumor cell cycle etc.Meanwhile,it describes Inonotus obliquus to the adjuvant chemotherapy of tumor.

Research progress in epigenetic aberrant in classic Hodgkin lymphoma

LIU Xiaojian, LONG Zhiguo, QIAO Zhongjie

2017, 31(1): 73-77. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.016

Abstract ( 183 )

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The malignant phenotype of classical Hodgkin lymphoma(cHL)is partly maintained by epigenetic aberrant,of which consisted mainly abnormal histone methylation and deacetylation.Progress has been made in clinical trials related to the histone deacetylases inhibitors(HDACis)in cHL.There is a close association noted between the epigenetic aberrants and the immune escape in cHL.DNA methyltransferase(DNMT)inhibitors,HDACis and immune checkpoint blockade have shown synergistic effects.Further study to improve the cure rate in cHL by combination strategy is of significant importance.

The research progress in transfusion-related iron overload in hematological malignancies

DU Yaru, ZHAO Yanhong, ZHOU Jin

2017, 31(1): 78-82. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.017

Abstract ( 189 )

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Transfusion-related iron overload damage iron homeostasis of organism,which damages the structure of the vital organs and leads to the dysfunction of important organs.Iron overload affects the prognosis of the patients,which promotes myelodysplastic syndrome transformation to acute leukemia and reduces the total survival rate of patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,which increases the treatment related mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and increases the chance of infection.Iron depletion therapy can delay the progression of acute leukemia and prolong the survival time of the patients with acute leukemia and show a certain anti-proliferative activity.

Progress in the mechanisms of keratoacanthoma regression

LIU Bingmei, CHENG Xue, XING Ronggui, YANG Jing

2017, 31(1): 83-87. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.018

Abstract ( 224 )

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Keratoacanthoma(KA)is an epithelial neoplasm occurring in sun-exposed skin of the elderly.Two striking features of KA are its clinical behavior with spontaneous regression after rapid growth and its nosological position on the border between benignity and malignancy.The regression of KA may be associated with the hair follicle cycle,apoptosis and immune function of organism.This article summarizes physiological mechanisms such as Wnt/retinoic acid signalling cross-talk,the function of p53,bcl-2,bcl-xL and bak in apoptosis,and the mechanism of action of several immune-related cells,that drives KA regression.It can provide theoretical basis for us to select the method as well as time of the treatment in KA.

Research progress in relationships between thyroid carcinoma and interferon-γ and interleukin-6

JIAO Yuying, FU Peng

2017, 31(1): 88-92. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.019

Abstract ( 157 )

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Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy in the endocrine system.In recent years,the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased year by year,which sparked people's attention.With the development of thyroid cancer research,it is found that cytokines play a key role in the occurrence and development of tumor.At present,the cause of thyroid carcinoma and mechanism is not yet entirely clear,however,the occurrence of thyroid cancer is possiblely associated with the body regulating cellular immune dysfunction.Cytokines play an important role in the whole process,in which the relationship between cytokines IFN-γ,IL-6 and thyroid carcinoma is closely related.

Advances in the tumor related research of IRF-4 binding protein

HOU Yangming, XU Yingjuan, CUI Yunfu

2017, 31(1): 93-96. doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2017.01.020

Abstract ( 206 )

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Interferon regulatory factor-4 binding protein(IBP),served as a novel type of microtubule binding protein,is proven to play an important role in the immune system.New evidence suggests that the protein is associated with the occurrence and development of some malignant tumors through the effects of cytoskeletal remodeling and cell conduction mechanism.Therefore researchers believe that IBP may become a new target for cancer molecular therapy.Based on the existing experimental data,this study aims to investigate the structure of IBP,as well as its multiple oncology effects.Furthermore,we provide the theoretical basis for IBP targeted therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors.

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