Objective The Objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and death status of thyroid cancer in Jiangsu province in 2015 and the trend of incidence and death from 2006 to 2015.Methods The qualified data of thyroid cancer from 35 cancer registries in 2015 were collected by the Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer were calculated by urban and rural,gender,and age groups,and combined with the province's registered population data.The number of new cases and deaths of thyroid cancer was estimated in Jiangsu province,as well as the corresponding incidence(mortality),the standardized rate of the Chinese population(China standard rate),the standardized rate of the world population(the world standard rate),and the cumulative incidence and mortahty of 0~74 years old,and their ranks and composition.The data from the Jiangsu province cancer registries from 2006 to 2015 were summarized and sorted out,and the average annual percentage changes(AAPC)of the China standard rate of thyroid cancer incidence(mortality)were analyzed using a Joinpoint software.Results It was estimated that there were 5 727 new cases of thyroid cancer in 2015,accounting for 2.46% of all malignant tumors and ranking 9th in all cancer cases.The incidence of thyroid cancer was 7.52 per 100,000,and the China standard rate was 6.25 per 100,000.It was estimated that there were 337 deaths from thyroid cancer in Jiangsu province,accounting for 0.22% of all malignant tumors and ranking 22nd in all cancer deaths.The mortality of thyroid cancer was 0.44 per 100,000,and the China standard rate was 0.24 per 100,000.From 2006 to 2015,the incidence of thyroid cancer in Jiangsu province showed a significant upward trend,the AAPC of China standard incidence was 17.44%(P＜0.05);the mortality of thyroid cancer in 10 years did not change,and the AAPC of China standard mortality was 6.78%(P＞0.05).Conclusion Thyroid cancer has become one of the common malignant tumors in Jiangsu province,and its incidence is rising rapidly year by year.Its risk factors studied should be strengthened and comprehensive prevention and treatment should be carried out.

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and mortality of corpus uteri cancer in Jiangsu province in 2015,and analyze its epidemic status and the trend of incidence and mortality from 2006 to 2015.Methods The incidence and mortality of corpus uteri cancer by urban and rural,gender and age groups were calculated using the data collected from 35 cancer registries of Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015.Combined with the census data in 2015, the number of new cases and death of corpus uteri cancer were estimated,the incidence and mortality,China's population standardized rate(China standard rate),world population standardized rate(world standard rate)and cumulative incidence(mortality)of 0~74 years old were calculated.The average annual percentage changes(AAPC)of incidence(mortality)of corpus uteri cancer in Jiangsu province from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed using a Joinpoint software.The standard population was used the standard population composition of China census in 2000 and Segi's world standard population.Results It was estimated that there were 3,039 new cases of corpus uteri cancer in Jiangsu province in 2015,accounting for 3.04% of the new cases of female malignant tumors,ranking 10th in the incidence of female malignant tumors.The incidence of corpus uteri cancer was 8.06 per 100,000,China standard rate was 5.18 per 100,000,and the world standard rate was 5.00 per 100,000.It was estimated that there was 858 deaths from corpus uteri cancer in Jiangsu province in 2015,accounting for 1.51% of the deaths from female malignant tumors,ranking 14th among female malignant tumor deaths.The mortality of corpus uteri cancer was 2.28 per 100,000,China standard rate was 1.29 per 100,000,and the world standard rate was 1.25 per 100,000.From 2006 to 2015,the China standard incidence rate of corpus uteri cancer in Jiangsu province showed an upward trend(AAPC=4.3%,P＜0.01),and the China standard mortality rate showed a downward trend(AAPC=-5.5%,P＜0.01).Conclusion The incidence of corpus uteri cancer in Jiangsu province is on the rise.It is necessary to strengthen public health knowledge,advocate a healthy lifestyle,and carry out comprehensive prevention and control work such as early diagnosis and treatment of corpus uteri cancer for women over 40.

Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence,death characteristics and time trends of cervical cancer from 2011 to 2015 in the cancer registration areas of Yunnan province,and to provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.Methods The incidence and death cases of cervical cancer(ICD-10 code:C53)in the cancer registration areas of Yunnan province from 2011 to 2015 were collected and sorted out.The cervical cancer incidence,mortality,standardized incidence rate,standardized mortality rate,truncated rate,cumulative rate(0~74 years old),and annual percentage change(APC)of trend changes in urban and rural areas were statistically analyzed.Results From 2011 to 2015,the crude incidence of cervical cancer in the cancer registration areas of Yunnan province was 17.39/100,000,the age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese population(ASIR China)was 16.41/100,000,the age-standardized incidence by World population(ASIR World)was 12.41/100,000,the cumulative rate(0~74 years old)was 1.27%,and the truncated rate(35~64 years)was 30.28/100,000.The incidence in rural areas was 22.54/100,000,ASIR China was 22.01/100,000,and the incidence in urban area was 14.65/100,000,ASIR China was 13.60/100,000.The crude mortality of cervical cancer in Yunnan cancer registration areas from 2011 to 2015 was 5.14/100,000,the age-standardized mortality rate by China population(ASMR China)was 4.68/100,000,the age-standardized mortality rate by world population(ASMR World)was 3.56/100,000,the cumulative rate(0~74 years old)was 0.39%,and the truncated rate(35~64 year)was 8.87/100,000.The mortality in rural areas was 7.73/100,000,ASMR China was 7.50/100,000,and the mortality in urban area was 3.77/100,000,ASMR China was 3.31/100,000.The age-specific incidence and mortality were at a low level at 0-24 years of age,and rapidly increased after 25 years of age.The APC for incidence and mortality were-1.4 and 5,respectively,and the APC for ASIR China and ASMR China were-29.8 and 0.1,respectively.There was no statistically difference in the trend of change(P＞0.05).Conclusion The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in the cancer registration areas of Yunnan province from 2011 to 2015 were higher than that of the national and western regions,especially in rural areas.The annual changes in incidence and mortality had not obvious upward or downward trend.The tertiary prevention work of cervical cancer should be done well,especially in rural areas.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Yunnan province in 2016 and the change trend from 2011 to 2016,so as to provide a reference for breast cancer prevention and control.Methods Based on the data from the cancer registration and related population in Yunnan province from 2011 to 2016,these data were reviewed and evaluateed crg Tools 2.05 published by IARC and Excel 2007.The incidence,mortality,and standard rate of female breast cancer,cumulative rate of 0~74 years old,and truncated rate(35~64)years old were calculated.A Joinpoint 4.8 was used to calculate annual percentage change(APC)so as to comprehensively analyze the trend of incidence and death of female breast cancer.Results In 2016,the crude incidence of female breast cancer in Yunnan province was 28.95/100,000,accounting for 14.60% of all malignant tumors,ranking the first among female malignancies.The crude mortality rate was 6.25/100,000,accounting for 6.48% of malignant tumor deaths,ranking the fifth among female malignant tumor deaths.The crude incidence,China standard rate(ASR China),world standard rate(ASR World),cumulative rate(0~74 years old),and truncated rate(35~64 years old)of female breast cancer in rural areas were higher than those of urban areas.The crude mortality,ASR China,ASR World,truncated rate(35~64 years old)of female breast cancer in urban areas were higher than those of rural areas.In Yunnan province from 2011 to 2016,there were no statistically significant in of incideme APC and mortality for female breast cancer in all areas urban areas and rural areas(P＞0.05).Conclusion In 2016,the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Yunnan province were lower than the national average.The incidence in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas,and the mortality in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas.The ASR China incidence and mortality of female breast cancer remained basically unchanged from 2011 to 2016,and the prevention and treatment of breast cancer should be further strengthened according to the characteristics of female breast cancer incidence and death.

Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the role of miRNA-126 in the occurrence of gastric cancer cells by detecting miRNA-126 and predicting the expression of target genes K-Ras and MMP-7 in gastric cancer tissues. Which may provide a new theoretical basis for the study of miRNA-126/K-Ras and MMP-7 pathway.Methods A total of 50 gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues of gastric cancer patients who were diagnosed and accepted treatment in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from March,2015 to December,2015 were collected.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of K-Ras and MMP-7 in gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-126 in gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues.Results K-Ras and MMP-7 were highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues.miRNA-126 was lowly expressed in gastric cancer tissues.K-Ras and MMP-7 was positively correlated in gastric cancer tissues.miRNA-126 was lowly expressed when K-Ras and MMP-7 expression was positive.Conclusion K-Ras and MMP-7 are carcinogenic factors of gastric cancer,and miRNA-126 is a tumor suppressor of gastric cancer,which is a antagonistic factor of K-Ras and MMP-7.K-ras and MMP-7 are the target genes of miRNA-126,and miRNA-126 exists to inhibit the interaction of K-Ras and MMP-7.The miRNA-126/K-Ras,MMP-7 pathway is expected to became a new direction of gastric cancer research and treatment.

Objective In this paper,next-generation sequencing(NGS)technology was used to analyze the genetic mutation characteristics of ascending and descending nasopharyngeal carcinoma,to find the differences between them,and to explore the relationship between high-frequency mutation genes and nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)invasion and regional lymph node metastasis.Methods Forty cases of NPC patients diagnosed(20 cases ascending and descending NPC a group)were collected in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018.DNA extraction was performed using Illumina.The sequencing platform captured and sequenced 400 tumor-related genes for detection mutations.The sequencing results were combined with relevant clinical data for analysis.Results In 40 specimens of NPC histopathological tissues,ABCA13,CACNA1F,CELSR2,CEP170B genes were detected to be mutated in descending NPC;ABCC2,ALPK2,ASB15,ASRGL1 and other genes have higher mutations in ascending NPC than descending NPC.Among them,centrosome protein 170B(Centrosomal protein 170B,CEP170B)has the highest mutation rate in descending NPC,with a mutation rate of 57%.There was no statistically significant difference in tumor mutation burden and tumor heterogeneity between G1 and G2 groups.Conclusion The CEP170B gene has a high frequency of mutations in the descending NPC group.Because descending NPC is prone to extensive lymph node metastasis,the results suggest that this gene may be closely related to the local regional lymph node metastasis of NPC,and may become a clinical NPC Potential targets for treatment.

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of recurrence in patients with thyroid cancer.Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent surgery for thyroid cancer in our hospital from July 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed,independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of thyroid cancer were screened,and a nomogram prediction model was established based on the screening results.The prediction accuracy of the model was verified internally and externally.Results Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size ≥ 4 cm(OR=2.741,95% CI:1.259~5.966),undifferentiated carcinoma(OR=4.974,95% CI:1.819~13.598),glandular infiltration(OR=2.624,95% CI:1.093~6.300),preoperative lymph node metastasis(OR=2.628,95% CI:1.165~5.928),stage Ⅲ~Ⅳ thyroid cancer(OR=2.984,95% CI:1.329~6.698),unilateral glandular lobe plus isthmus resection(OR=2.797,95% CI:1.1403~6.861),and undissected lymph nodes(OR=2.553,95% CI:1.269~5.134)were independent risk factors for recurrence of thyroid cancer after surgery.A nomogram model was established based on the above independent risk factors.The model verification showed that the C-index of the modeling set and the validation set were 0.822 and 0.796,respectively;the calibration curves were close to the ideal curve,and the AUC was 0.816(95% CI:0.788~0.856)and 0.765(95% CI:0.731~0.802),indicating that the nomogram model had a good predicted accuracy.Conclusion There are many risk factors for postoperative recurrence in patients with thyroid cancer.The nomogram model constructed based on the risk factors in this article has a good predictive accuracy,which can provide reference for clinical staff to screen high-risk groups and formulate relevant prevention and treatment measures.

Esophageal cancer(EC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis.In 2018,the incidence of EC is ranked the seventh in the world,and the sixth in the mortality.New cases of EC in China account for 54.1% of new cases worldwide,and deaths account for 56% of global deaths.Currently,standard treatment options for EC include surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy.Despite the use of multidisciplinary therapies,the prognosis of EC patients is still unsatisfactory.The 5-year overall survival rate is only 30% to 40%.Immunotherapy,as a new treatment method,provides new treatment ideas for a variety of malignant tumors,and has greatly improved the prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma,non-small cell lung cancer and other tumor patients.Many phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ clinical trials have confirmed that immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy can enhance the anti-tumor effect.This article discusses the current clinical research of immunotherapy in EC.

B7-H6,a newly discovered member of the immunoglobulin superfamily,is the membrane-binding ligand of NKP30,which is an activated receptor of the NK cell surface.B7-H6 is specifically expressed in various tumor tissues,and its expression is significantly correlated with various clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.The tumor cell ectodomain shedding of B7-H6 forms soluble B7-H6(sB7-H6),which down-regulates NKp30-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion.Studies have found that B7-H6 promotes tumorigenesis via protease inhibitors,Myc,abnormal immune response,proliferation,and anti-apoptosis.At present,the intervention therapy of the B7-H6 gene is a new tumor treatment strategy,and related immunotherapy is being explored.In summary,B7-H6 has been proved to be a potential biomarker and valuable therapeutic target for the diagnosis,treatment,prognostic evaluation of cancer.

Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is a kind of RNA molecule whose sequence length is more than 200 nucleotides and cannot encode a protein.In recent years,more and more studies have pointed out that lncRNA is closely related to the diagnosis,prevention,treatment and prognosis of tumors,and has great value in the clinical application of malignant tumors.Small nucleolar RNA host gene-3(SNHG3)plays a carcinogenic role in promoting cell proliferation,invasion and regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),suggesting that SNHG3 can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the malignancy of tumors.This article reviews the research progress of the relationship between SNHG3 and malignant tumors in recent years,and discusses the current situation and prospects of SNHG3 in the treatment of malignant tumor.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is the sixth most common malignant tumor in the world,with an annual incidence of more than 550,000 cases and 300,000 deaths.Smoking and drinking alcohol are the main risk factors.The treatment plan of HNSCC is mainly based on TNM staging and primary surgery with comprehensive therapy(radiotherapy,chemotherapy and biological therapy).For the treatment of HNSCC,the 5-year survival rate has not improved in recent years.Therefore,new treatment methods are needed to increase the survival rate and improve the quality of patient life.The current research hotspot is the widespread application of immunotherapy-based biological targeted therapy for HNSCC.This study aims to explore the relationship between biomarkers of HNSCC and prognosis of immunotherapy.

Ovarian cancer(OC)is the most deadly gynecological tumor.Because of its long onset latency and lack of early diagnosis,most patients are already in advanced stage at the time of initial treatment.In addition to the conventional surgical chemotherapy,in recent years,chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells(CAR-T)have received considerable attention in the research field of tumor system therapy.Various preclinical experiments and clinical trials have confirmed that CAR-T cell immunotherapy is a promising treatment for OC,and it shows the advantages that are different from other solid tumors,but it still needs to face many challenges.In this review,we will systematically introduce the latest research progress of CAR-T cell immunotherapy,including the biological understanding of CAR-T cell therapy,clinical application,challenges faced and possible strategies to improve the therapeutic effect.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for 80% to 85% of all lung cancers,and it is a malignant tumor with extremely high morbidity and mortality over the world.Initially,NSCLC has responded well to existing treatments,but it eventually has developed resistance.Therefore,it is necessary to explore effective and novel treatment methods.With the in-depth study of NSCLC,it is found that Dickkopf family protein(DKKs)signaling plays an important role in the development of NSCLC.DKKs are important regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and are closely related to proliferation,metastasis and invasion of NSCLC cells.This article mainly introduces the mechanism of DKKs family members in NSCLC,discusses the potential of DKKs in the treatment of NSCLC,and provides new ideas for the further prevention and treatment of NSCLC.

Lateral pelvic lymph node(LPLN)is a common local site of metastasis in patients with low rectal cancer,and it is also the main site of postoperative local recurrence.However,there is still no clear conclusion about the treatment plan for LPLN metastasis.At the same time,the metastasis of LPLN should be regarded as local diseases rather than systemic.Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy(CRT)cannot replace surgical dissection.Lateral lymph node dissection(LLND)is still indispensable.However,since LLND may mean longer operative time and more postoperative complications,it may be over-treatment for all patients with low rectal cancer,so it is particularly important to select patients who can benefit.The size of the LPLN,the reduction ratio of the short path,the signal strength,and the edge characteristics should all be considered in the screening.

Fibroblast growth factor receptors(FGFRs)regulates cell growth,proliferation and angiogenesis by binding with ligand fibroblast growth factors(FGFs).More and more studies have shown that FGFRs are the driving factor of some malignant tumors,and play an important role in the process of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell division and proliferation.This article reviews the mechanism of FGFRs signaling pathway in physiology,pathology and malignant tumor,and provides a basis for clinical development for targeted inhibition of FGFRs signaling and the improvement of tumor treatment programs.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a malignant neoplasm of non-keratotic epithelial hyperplasia mainly derived from the upper respiratory tract and digestive tract.Cancer metastasis is a common cause of poor prognosis and high mortality in HNSCC patients.The mechanism of HNSCC metastasis has become one of hotspots for many scholars in recent years.The metastasis of HNSCC is often the ability of cancer cells to acquire invasion and migration through the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT).Cancer cells grow pseudopodia that can degrade the basement membrane and extracellular matrix(ECM),and jointly promote the production of HNSCC metastatic cancer.A variety of factors affect the HNSCC cancer metastasis,such as the hypoxic environment in which cancer cells are located,the glycolytic pathway of cancer cells,and the down-regulating expression of some tumor-related cells and neural precursor cells 9(expressed developmentally down-regulated 9,NEDD9)in which can promote the EMT process of HNSCC cancer cells and the generation of pseudopods,and promote cancer cells to leave the original site and transfer to blood vessels or lymphatic vessels.This article will make a systematic review for the transfer mechanism of HNSCC and its influencing factors.

Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer.Targeting protein for xenopus kinesin-like protein 2(TPX2)is involved in the spindle formation during cell mitosis.The abnormal expression of TPX2 can lead to abnormal centrosome amplification and spindle abnormality,and then affect the stability of the genome and malignant transformation of cells.In recent years,studies have confirmed that TPX2 is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors,and is closely related to the occurrence,development and prognosis of cancer.Inhibition of TPX2 expression can inhibit tumor proliferation and invasion.Therefore,TPX2 is expected to become an important marker of tumor diagnosis and prognosis,as well as a new direction of tumor treatment.

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA)are a new class of non-coding RNAs that participate in the biological processes of many diseases.lncRNA-HEIH(High expression in hepatocellular carcinoma,HEIH)regulates tumor proliferation,migration,invasion,apoptosis and drug resistance through different mechanisms.Its expression level is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of tumors and plays a key role in tumor occurrence and development.This article briefly introduces the concept of lncRNA-HEIH,and systematically reviews its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma,lung cancer,breast cancer,colorectal cancer,endometrial cancer and other malignant tumors.The prospect of lncRNA-HEIH is considered as a potential biomarker and a new target for cancer treatment.

The incidence of brain metastases in advanced lung cancer is high and the prognosis is poor.In recent years,with the development of overall treatment for lung cancer,more treatments and expectations have been provided for advanced lung cancer with brain metastases.Current clinical studies suggest that antiangiogenic drugs play an important role in the treatment of lung cancer with brain metastasis including from monoclonal antibody to multi-target antiangiogenic drugs and then to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI).These drugs have shown a certain efficacy and good safety,and they also show a significantly synergistic anti-tumor effect on chemotherapy,radiotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor TKI(EGFR-TKI).This article reviews the new progress of anti-angiogenic drugs in the treatment of lung cancer with brain metastases.